外源亚精胺对受重金属污染的城市污泥植物修复的影响

研究外施浓度为1mmol/L的亚精胺（spd）对美洲商陆修复受重金属污染城市污泥的影响。结果表明,外施spd能使美洲商陆根系生长及其生物量均增加1.5倍以上;同时能增加叶绿素a的含量和叶绿素总量,减少叶绿素的流失。外施1mmol/L spd还能明显促进美洲商陆各器官对城市污泥中Cd、Hg重金属的吸收、转运和富集,但对Cu和Zn的吸收差异不明显。上述结果表明,spd增强了美洲商陆对Cd、Hg污染的城市污泥的修复作用,并在一定程度上缓解了城市污泥中Cd2＋、Hg2＋对美洲商陆的毒害作用。     

Impact of artificial pruning on growth and secondary shoot development of wild cherry (Prunus avium L.)

Producing high value veneer wood requires that the tree bole be branch-free. This can be accomplished by natural or artificial pruning. Since wild cherry does not self prune well, pruning artificially is the only practical option. The study analysed the effect of conventional whorl-wise pruning and selective pruning, on height growth, diameter growth and secondary shoot development of wild cherry. Four pruning treatments were applied on cherry trees in summer 2007, one group of cherries was left unpruned to serve as a control: treatment C1 (upper 5 whorls left), C2 (upper 3 whorls left), S1 (removal of branches larger than 3 cm or with an angle to the stem < 40°), S2 (removal of branches larger than 2 cm or with an angle to the stem < 40°), N (unpruned). Data showed that height growth was not affected by pruning. In contrast, diameter growth at breast height of the C2 pruned cherry was reduced by approximately 5% (SE = 2.7%) in the year of pruning (trees were pruned in July). This pruning treatment produced significant (p = 0.028) nine percent less diameter growth than the control in the second year following pruning. The diameter increment of the C1 pruned trees with five whorls left after pruning and the selective pruned cherries were only about 4% (SE = 4.0%) smaller than the control after two years. This loss was statistically not significant. Analyses showed that on selective pruned trees the survival rate of secondary shoots was significantly reduced compared to those on whorl-wise pruned trees. Significant differences in the size of the secondary shoots were only found between the C1 and S1 (p < 0.05) pruned trees. We did not find differences in the total number of secondary shoots per tree among pruning treatments. Solely from a tree growth perspective, the moderate whorl-wise pruning treatment C1 and the selective prunings were equally effective in minimizing the reduction of diameter growth and are recommended in practice. However it was found that the survival of secondary shoots was reduced on selective pruned trees although the amount of pruning work needed in selective pruning was slightly greater than conventional moderate pruning.     

紫叶稠李全光喷雾嫩枝扦插繁殖试验研究

紫叶稠李是一种抗逆性很强的优良彩叶乔木树种,可采用播种、嫁接、扦插、组织培养等多种方法繁育苗木。本试验采用250 mg/kg、500 mg/kg、1 000 mg/kg、1 500 mg/kg及2 000 mg/kg等不同浓度的ABT1号生根粉溶液速蘸30 s处理紫叶稠李嫩枝插穗,进行全光喷雾嫩枝扦插繁殖,结果表明：浓...     

山桃稠李色素的提取及性质研究

以山桃稠李果实为试材,通过扫描确定其最大波长为532nm,并用四因素三水平正交实验确定提取山桃稠李色素的最佳条件。结果表明:最佳色素提取条件为30%的乙醇,提取时间90min,提取温度75℃,固液比为1:10。并研究了光、过氧化氢、亚硫酸钠、蔗糖、食盐、金属离子对山桃稠李色素性质的影响。     

广东果梅种质资源遗传多样性的AFLP分析

为了从DNA分子水平上探讨广东境内果梅种质资源遗传多样性状况,利用荧光标记AFLP技术,对采自广东境内的57份果梅种质进行研究,筛选出适于果梅AFLP分析的8对Mse Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ引物组合,这些引物可以将供试材料完全分开.利用8对引物组合对57份果梅种质进行总基因组DNA水平上的多态性检测,得到了清晰的多态性指纹图...     

Developing Drosophila suzukii management programs for sweet cherry in the western United States

BACKGROUND: The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is a newly introduced pest of sweet cherry on the west coast of North America which produces about 97% of the value of the US sweet cherry crop. D. suzukii initially caused considerable economic loss to cherry growers, who were unaware of this new pest. Little control information was available at the time of initial infestation. Pest control studies were initiated to examine the materials, timings and application methods to control D. suzukii in three major cherry‐producing states (California, Oregon and Washington). RESULTS: Three classes of registered insecticides, organophosphates, pyrethroids and spinosyns, have demonstrated good topical or residual activity against D. suzukii. Neonicotinoids and the systemic organophosphate dimethoate appear to be able to kill eggs or larvae in fruit. Preliminary timing studies indicate that at least two preharvest insecticide sprays are required to obtain control of D. suzukii in California cherry orchards. Aerially applied malathion ULV (ultra‐low volume) appears to be a viable control tactic for this pest. CONCLUSION: The results presented here form the basis for developing D. suzukii management programs in the western United States. Additional studies are needed to refine management practices for the different growing regions and conventional versus organic production requirements. Cherry growers will likely need to apply broad‐spectrum insecticides in a prophylactic manner until treatment thresholds and monitoring methods have been developed and validated. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

幼胚胚性愈伤组织诱导的研究

试验以油幼胚为材料,研究外植体大小、低温处理、基本培养基类型、碳源、培养基中的2,4-D浓度、AgNO3的添加与否对胚性愈伤组织诱导的影响,结果表明,长轴为5~7.9 mm低温处理18 h的幼胚,诱导胚性愈伤组织的效果最好;使用山梨醇(浓度为3%)为碳源、含氮量低的WPM培养基,胚性愈伤组织的诱导效果优于蔗糖为碳源、含氮量高的MS培养基;幼胚胚性愈伤组织诱导的最适2,4-D浓度为2.0 mg/L,培养基中附加5.0 mg/L AgNO3有助于提高胚性愈伤组织的诱导率。     

红叶李扦插栽培技术

从苗床准备、插穗选择、扦插、扦插后管理、移植管理、病虫害防治等方面总结了红叶李扦插栽培技术,以期为红叶李的扦插育苗栽培提供技术指导。     

配合施肥对长白山欧李果实 Ga、Fe、Zn积累及产量、品质的影响1）

为探明N、P、K配合施肥对长白山欧李（ Prunus humili（ Bge） Sok）果实中Ca 、Fe、Zn元素积累及产量、品质的影响,以5年生长白山欧李的优良品系“02－12－19”为试材,进行了N、P、K配合施肥试验。结果表明：不同N、P、K质量分数配合比例对长白山欧李果实中Ca、Fe、Zn元素的积累均具有一定的影响,其中果实中Ca的积累以质量分数w（N）∶w（P ）∶w（K）＝1．0∶0．6∶10．的最高,w （N）∶w（P）∶w（K）＝1．0∶0．2∶1．0、w（N）∶w （P）∶w（K）＝1．0∶0．4∶1．0、w（N）∶w（P）∶w（K）＝1．0∶0．8∶1．0三个处理次之;果实中Fe的积累以单一施用有机肥及w（N）∶w（P）∶w（K）＝1．0∶0．2∶1．0、w（N）∶w（P）∶w（K）＝1．0∶0．4∶1．0、w（N）∶w（P）∶w （K）＝1．0∶0．6∶1．0四个处理较高;果实中Zn的积累以单一施用有机肥及w（N）∶w（P）∶w（K）＝1．0∶0．2∶1．0两个处理较高;w（N）∶w（P）∶w（K）＝1．0∶0．2∶1．0和w（N）∶w（P）∶w（K）＝1．0∶0．4∶1．0的增产效果最佳;食用品质以单一施用有机肥及w（N）∶w（P）∶w（K）＝1．0∶0．6∶1．0、w（N）∶w（P）∶w（K）＝1．0∶0．8∶1．0两个处理较好。综合配合施肥对欧李果实Ca、Fe、Zn积累及产量、品质形成的影响效果,则以w（N）∶w（P）∶w（K）＝1．0∶0．6∶1．0施肥效果最佳。     

梅花远缘杂交与抗寒性育种 (Ⅱ)梅花远缘杂种及其亲本抗冻性研究

对梅花远缘杂种及其亲本的抗冻性进行了连续4年的露地越冬实验,同时用组织变褐法,原生质膜透性测定法对梅花杂种及亲本的抗冻性潜力进行了测定。结果表明:‘粉红梅’×杏、杏ב粉红梅’等梅与杏杂交种抗冻性最强,幼苗在北京地区露地越冬完全无冻害或基本无冻害;梅与山桃杂交种抗寒性高于梅但比山桃弱;而梅花对照苗,地上部分全部冻死。文中对在不同低温及低温持续不同时间处理条件下梅亲本与杂种的抗寒性进行了回归分析。文末比较了几种测定植物抗冻性方法的可行性。