刈割和施肥对热研4 号王草生物量影响初报

采用随机区组设计研究刈割时间、刈割次数和施肥量对热研4号王草生物量的影响,结果表明,热研4号王草在海南夏季6～8月份60 d的生长期内,刈割时间间隔20 d、刈割3次的处理,第2次刈割的鲜草生物量最大,且不受施肥量的影响。但当施肥量为1 563 kg/hm~2时的牧草生物量最大,为41 340.10 kg/hm~2;刈割时间间隔30 d、刈割2次的处理,除施肥量为3 127 kg/hm~2的处理外,第1次刈割均比第2次刈割产量高,且差异显著。在相同施肥量下,就单次刈割生物量和总生物量而言,刈割时间间隔越长、刈割次数越低,鲜草生物量就越大,刈割时间为50 d和60 d之间鲜草生物量差异不显著,而与其他处理差异显著,不同的施肥条件下,在刈割时间间隔40 d时,施肥量为4 690 kg/hm~2比施肥量为1 563 kg/hm~2的产量显著增加。在刈割时间间隔50 d和60 d时,随着施肥量的增加,产量并无差异。     

美洲商陆(Phytolacca americana L.)--一种新的Mn积累植物

通过野外调查和水培试验,研究了锰在美州商陆体内积累情况及对其生长发育的影响,发现并鉴定出美洲商陆(Phytolacca am ericana L.)是一种新的M n积累植物。调查结果发现,美洲商陆对土壤中高含量的锰有很强的忍耐、吸收和积累能力,叶片中M n含量为5160￣8000m g·kg-1,平均为6490m g·kg-1。营养液培养试验证明,美洲商陆对生长介质中的M n有很强的忍耐能力,当生长介质中M n浓度高达10m m ol·L-1,叶片中M n含量达到11.76g·kg-1,植株仍生长正常。地上部M n含量及其积累量均随生长介质中M n浓度的增加而增加,当生长介质中M n浓度为50m m ol·L-1时,叶片中M n含量达到47.06g·kg-1。结果表明,美洲商陆是我国发现的一种新的M n积累植物,为今后探明植物积累M n的机理和M n污染土壤的植物修复提供了一种新的种质资源。     

Genetic Diversity and Relationships of Japanese Peach (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus persica</Emphasis> L.) Cultivars Revealed by AFLP and Pedigree Tracing

To evaluate the genetic diversity and to clarify the genetic relationships of Japanese peach cultivars, we analyzed the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and traced the pedigree of 17 Japanese commercial peach cultivars and six traditional accessions. Sixteen AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 837 fragments and 146 polymorphic bands with a polymorphism percentage of 17.5%. All of the peach accessions could be identified from differences in at least 10 polymorphic bands. A cluster analysis showed that all the Japanese commercial peach cultivars, except ‘Kiyomi’ and ‘Jichigetsuto’, formed a major group consisting of three sub-groups. Of the six traditional accessions, four were genetically distant from the Japanese commercial peach cultivars while two accessions from China were classified into the Japanese commercial peach cultivars group. Both the AFLP analysis and pedigree tracing suggested that Japanese commercial peach cultivars are mainly derived from ‘Shanhai Suimitsuto’, one of the traditional accessions from China. Although the genetic relationships revealed by AFLP were generally in agreement with those shown by the pedigree information, some contradictions were found. Combining the AFLP results and pedigree information can provide a better understanding of the genetic relationships of Japanese peach cultivars.     

梅州山樱花与台湾樱花花部性状的比较研究

以梅州明山自然生长的山樱花和从台湾引进并种植于明山樱花园的绯寒樱、八重樱和吉野樱为试材,对其花形、花色和花粉活力等花部性状进行了观测。结果表明,梅州山樱花的花梗较短,花瓣较小;花萼长于绯寒樱和八重樱,但明显短于吉野樱;花朵短于吉野樱而长于八重樱;山樱花与其他3种樱花的花萼、花瓣、花丝和花柱颜色有不同程度的差异。野生山樱花、绯寒樱和吉野樱的花粉活力没有明显差异;八重樱的花粉活力显著低于野生樱(p<0.01)和绯寒樱(p<0.05),而与吉野樱相比则没有显著性差异。     

梅花根际土壤栽培三叶草的丛枝菌根侵染研究

从北京、武汉、南京、重庆、昆明五个梅园和野梅主要分布区的云南嵩明、四川木里、贵州茂兰自然保护区,以及北京林业大学的梅圃中分别于春、夏、秋、冬四季,采集梅花根际土壤300份。以梅花根际土壤和蛭石体积为1∶1混合作为栽培基质,种植三叶草,培养4个月后,应用染色镜检法测定丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)侵染三叶草根系的状况。结果表明:所有梅花根际土壤栽培三叶草都有丛枝菌根侵染;野生梅花根际土壤栽培三叶草的丛枝菌根侵染率高于人工梅园;四季的梅花根际土壤栽培三叶草丛枝菌根侵染在季节间无明显差异。     

欧李在干旱、半干旱地区高速公路绿化中的应用

适地适树是高速公路绿化成功的关键因素。根据干旱、半干旱地区高速公路绿化的特点,介绍了欧李的形态特征、生物学特性。阐述了欧李在干旱、半干旱地区高速公路绿化的综合开发利用价值,为欧李在干旱、半干旱地区高速公路绿化中的应用提供了科学的依据。     

梅、桃、李、杏、樱的RAPD分析

用ＲＡＰＤ技术对梅的野生种及其近缘种桃、李、杏、樱共计１７个样品的系统发育进行了研究．１２个１０碱基的随机引物共扩增出１３１条带,其中６５条为多态性带．通过对这些扩增带的分析,作者认为梅的基因中渗入了较多的杏、李基因．聚类分析的结果表明：李、杏在梅的系统发育过程中处于基本等同的地位,桃、樱与梅的亲缘关系则相隔较远．     

摘心对欧李实生苗生长与成花的影响

为探明摘心对欧李实生苗生长与成花的影响,以当年播种、移植的欧李实生苗为研究对象,分别于苗高20、30、40cm时进行摘心.试验结果表明:欧李实生苗主干摘心能有效地促发二次枝,由于二次枝的产生,极显著地增加了株丛的新梢数量和叶片数量,从而达到了促进欧李实生苗基部的加粗生长、扩大冠幅和当年成花的目的.从3个处理高度的效果来看,以苗高30cm时摘心效果最佳,其二次枝数量、叶片数量、冠幅、苗木基部粗度及花芽分化数量均显著地优于苗高20cm、40cm时的摘心效果.但不同的摘心高度对欧李实生苗的树体高度及叶片的叶绿素含量均未形成显著的影响.     

李属坏死环斑病毒怀柔分离物(PNRSV-HR)外壳蛋白基因片断的克隆与序列分析

应用RT-PCR方法检测了采自北京市怀柔区的樱桃叶片,将此PCR扩增产物连接到pMD18-T载体上,通过转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,克隆了含有目的片段的重组质粒,并进行序列测定和分析。序列分析结果表明,认为该分离物外壳蛋白基因片断与李属坏死环斑病毒的NRSiz8株系的同源性最高,为98%,与德国分离物Ring17的同源性达99%;通过进化关系分析,认为该分离物属于引起温和症状的group,认为该分离物的第5,62,81和126位氨基酸也与CH9血清型引起温和症状的保守的替换相同。     

self-(in)compatibility almond genotypes: A review

To compile self-(in)compatibility almond genotypes, a review of 133 commercial cultivars of wide geographical origin was made. The information gathered from own and mainly published work will be useful for both grower's cultivar choice when planting and for breeder's cross design when planning. The almond S genotypes compiled were identified using five different methods: biological (pollination tests in the field and in the laboratory) and molecular (RNases, PCR and sequencing). In most cases, genotypes were assigned after combining more than one technique. Cultivars were classified into three categories: self-incompatible (99), self-compatible (16) and doubtful self-incompatible (18). The database is divided in 9 fields (name, origin, parentage, obtention year (crossing, selection or release), S genotype, technique used, reference, consensus genotype, and cross incompatibility group). A study of the 27 S alleles already identified and their geographical distribution within the cultivated almond is also presented. The study was divided into cultivars of known and unknown parentage and the distribution of S alleles frequencies was uneven among the 133 cultivars. S allele frequencies are related to geographical origin. Some alleles (S ₁, S ₅, S ₇ and S ₈) are more frequently observed than the others among cultivars of both known and unknown parentage. In the cultivated almond, the S f allele is only found in the Puglia region, Italy. The S _f frequency is three times higher in cultivars released from breeding programmes than in cultivars selected by growers. From the 351 resulting possible genotypes by combination of the 27 S alleles identified only 20 CIG (0-XIX) have been established, which represents a small fraction of the whole genetic diversity of this polymorphic gene in almond.