青梅果药理学作用研究进展

对青梅果的抗菌作用、抗病毒作用、抗肿瘤作用、代谢调节作用及其他药理学作用近年来的研究成果进行综述,以期为青梅的深入研究和开发利用提供参考。     

梅花 PmAP2基因的克隆及表达1）

为了解析梅花（Prunus mume Sieb．et Zucc．）花器官发育的分子调控机理,采用RT－PCR的方法从梅花‘三轮玉蝶’中克隆了APETALE2的同源基因PmAP2,并采用荧光定量PCR对PmAP 2的表达模式进行了分析。序列分析表明,PmAP2基因CDS区域全长1647 bp,编码548个氨基酸,含有两个保守的AP2结构域,属于AP2／ERF基因家族。多序列比对和系统进化结果显示,该基因与桃、苹果AP2基因相似性较高,分别为96％和82％。PmAP2在梅花营养器官、四轮花器官和果实中均有表达,花瓣中的表达量最高;台阁花型梅花花中PmAP2表达量最高,重瓣品种次之,单瓣品种表达量最低。 PmAP2的差异表达可能与梅花的花型进化有关。     

福建山樱花试管苗生根条件的优化

采用L8（4×2^4）正交设计,分析IBA、基本培养基、蔗糖、活性炭4个因素以及暗培养对福建山樱花试管苗生根的影响。结果表明IBA、基本培养基、活性炭及暗培养是影响试管苗生根的主要因素,福建山樱花试管苗较佳生根条件为1／2MS＋IBA0．6mg／L十蔗糖15g/L,暗培养4d。     

西梅法兰西采前落果相关影响因子研究

【目的】筛选西梅品种法兰西采前落果的相关影响因子,为法兰西采前落果机理研究提供理论参考。【方法】以西梅优良品种法兰西为试验对象,以果实着色情况为依据,在50株试验树东、南、西、北方位的树冠内外和上中下层,分别摘取未着色正常果实(对照,CK)、30%着色果实(T1)、50%着色果实(T2)和80%着色果实(T3)各20个,并捡取掉落时间不到1 d的落果(100%着色,T4)100个,将每个同样着色程度重复的果实充分混匀后,从中随机选取30个果实测定单果鲜质量、果实纵横径、果形指数、果面色差值(L~*、a~*、b~*)等特征参数及果实养分含量等指标,分析法兰西采前果实着色程度与测定指标的相关性,筛选采前落果的主要影响因子。【结果】果面着色程度不同的法兰西单果鲜质量之间差异均不显著;果形指数随落果着色程度加深而呈逐渐增大趋势,其中CK与T4间差异达到显著水平;随法兰西落果着色程度加深,果面色差值L~*和b~*呈逐渐下降趋势,而a~*逐渐升高,果实颜色向黄、红色转变。法兰西采前落果中的全氮(N)、全磷(P)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)和硼(B)含量均随采前落果着色程度的加深呈下降趋势,而钾(K)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)和硒(Se)含量则随采前落果着色程度加深均呈上升趋势。相关性分析表明,果面色差值a~*与果形指数及果实K、Zn、Cu和Se含量间均存在极显著正相关关系,与色差值L~*、b~*及果实N、P、Mn、Fe和B含量间均存在极显著负相关关系,其中与L~*、b~*、N、Mn和Fe的相关系数均高于0.9。【结论】法兰西采前落果是果实营养不平衡导致的果实过早衰退而进入成熟期的表现。     

碱胁迫下榆叶梅差异基因表达分析

为了解榆叶梅(Prumus triloba Lindl.)在短期碱胁迫下的分子响应机制,本研究采用Illumina HiSeq^TM2500高通量测序技术对其在0、1、3、6、12 h碱胁迫下的叶片进行了de novo转录组测序,以此鉴定与碱胁迫相关的差异表达基因(DEGs)。结果表明,从5 960万条raw reads中获得了约5 300万条高质量clean reads,经从头组装后获得了124 786条榆叶梅unigenes。基于8 948个 unigenes差异表达(DEGs), GO富集分析发现,其中有28个基因可能在早期碱胁迫响应机制中起着重要作用; KEGG富集分析发现,不同碱处理时间下的KEGG途径(pathways)具有显著差异。对7个碱性胁迫反应相关基因进行RT-qPCR验证,所得基因的表达模式与RNA-Seq数据结果一致,证实了RNA-Seq结果的可靠性。本研究首次对碱胁迫下的榆叶梅叶片进行了转录组分析,获得的序列数据极大地丰富了榆叶梅可利用的基因资源,深入了解了榆叶梅碱胁迫的分子响应机制,同时为研究以榆叶梅为砧木的中国李(Prunus salicina)在碱胁迫下的适应机制奠定了分子研究基础。     

马哈利樱桃离体茎尖超低温保存的研究

用玻璃化法超低温保存马哈利樱桃;切取经５℃低温驯化３０d的离体茎尖置于固体培养基 （ＭＳ＋０．７mol/Ｌ蔗糖）预培养２４h,在含１mＬ５０％甘油＋５０％蔗糖的保护液中处理８０min后浸入液氮。２５℃水浴快速化冻２min,然后接种到标准培养基上。２１d后调查,茎尖存活率达８４．６％。     

Discrimination between Japanese and Chinese Products using trace elements concentration of kernel in pickled Japanese apricot

pp. 875–880

The trace-element composition of kernel in pickled Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) was determined using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer in order to distinguish between Japanese products and Chinese products.

Strontium and barium concentrations in the kernels of Chinese products were 10 or more times those of the Japanese ones. When based on 8.0 mg kg^?1 of strontium concentration in kernel, 93.2% of sample was distinguished as Japanese products or Chinese ones.

Applying principal component analysis using 9 elements (Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni, Ba, Sr, Cu, Co, Cr), the pickled Japanese apricots tend to separate into two countries. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) using 9 elements allowed a reasonable classification of pickled Japanese apricots according to the country of production.

The result of the analysis of K-nearest neighbors (KNN) was better than that of LDA.     

Interaction of dinotefuran and its analogues with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of cockroach nerve cords

To investigate the action of dinotefuran (MTI-446, 1-methyl-2-nitro-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl)guanidine), a recently developed insecticide, on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), we determined the potencies of the compound and 15 analogues in inhibiting the specific binding of [3H]epibatidine (EPI), a nAChR agonist, and [3H]alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT), a competitive nAChR antagonist, to the nerve cord membranes of American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana). Racemic dinotefuran inhibited [3H]EPI binding with an IC50 of 890 nM and [3H]alpha-BGT binding with an IC50 of 36.1 microM. Scatchard analysis indicated that the dinotefuran inhibition of [3H]EPI binding was a competitive one. Slight structural modification caused a drastic reduction in potency; only four analogues were found to be equipotent to or more potent than dinotefuran. Chloropyridinyl and chlorothiazolyl neonicotinoid insecticides displayed two or three orders of magnitude higher potency than dinotefuran. There was a good correlation between the IC50 values of tested compounds obtained with [3H]EPI and those obtained with [3H]alpha-BGT. A better correlation was observed between 3-h knockdown activities (KD50) against German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) and IC50 values obtained from [3H]EPI assays than between 24-h lethal activities (LD50) and IC50 values. While the results indicate that dinotefuran and its analogues interact with the ACh-binding site in cockroach nAChRs, it remains to be elucidated why they displayed lower potencies than those expected based on their insecticidal activities.     

桃果肉颜色、果皮茸毛和花粉育性性状的分子标记

 以91-42-51 ×瑞光2号的杂交后代共48个单株为试材, 采用集群分离分析法(BSA) , 对桃果实的有毛/无毛、白肉/黄肉以及无花粉/有花粉3 个性状进行了分子标记研究。研究获得SSR 标记UDP96-018 (300 bp) 与有毛性状连锁, 遗传距离4.5 cM, SSR标记UDP98-407 (680 bp) 与白肉性状连锁, 遗传距离为2.2 cM; 根据拟南芥雄性不育序列标记设计的引物扩增出的两个片段NNJ-I (600 bp ) 和NNJ-I (900 bp) 与桃无花粉性状之间的遗传距离为0 cM。这些标记的获得为桃分子标记辅助育种提供了有效的筛选手段。     

Influence of self-pollination in fruit quality of autogamous almonds

Due to the several advantages expected from growing self-compatible almond cultivars, breeding programmes have recently introduced self-compatibility as an important trait. However, doubts have arisen regarding the capability of the newly obtained self-compatible almonds to produce good yields in monovarietal plantations, and the commercial quality of the fruits from self-pollination. For this reason, in the last years several studies have been conducted to evaluate fruit set and fruit traits following self- and cross-pollination of self-compatible almonds. Their results showed inconsistencies for fruit set and for some of the fruit traits studied. Thus, while some studies showed no differences between both pollination types for any of the fruit traits, others clearly showed important differences with the detriment of self-pollination for commercially important fruit traits. The fact that some of these studies evaluated a low number of individuals and/or fruit traits, implies the need of a more complete study. In this work, 10 fruit traits were studied in 26 self-compatible almonds following self-pollination by bagging and open pollination treatments. In general, and despite a few individuals showed differences between both pollination types for two of the traits, the results showed no influence of self-pollination in fruit quality.