农村民用柴灶炉膛的模型试验研究

通过建立柴灶炉膛模型和实验研究,获得了炉膛燃烧火焰中心温度分布、吊火高度、空气系数、炉膛合理热强度、炉栅允许热强度等炉膛参数的实验值,为柴灶的合理设计和改进提供了依据和参考。     

高压放电法、传导法及二者结合法干燥木材比较实验研究

采用高电压放电法干燥木材能实现木材整体加热,木材整体温度及湿度的均匀分布,在短时间内获得高质量的干燥木材.但高电压干燥法消耗的电能昂贵.热传导法干燥利用木材燃烧废料产生热能,能节约干燥成本.由于这两种方法的压力梯度与温度梯度方向相反,能实现相互抵消补偿,可达到降低沿截面压力梯度的目的,从而获得高质量的干燥木材,因此笔者分别利用高电压放电法、传导法及二者结合法进行了干燥木材比较实验研究.研究表明,利用高电压放电法结合传导加热法干燥木材,能以较少的消耗干燥成本及较短的干燥时间获得高质量的木材.     

湿式多片制动器衬片压力分布的影响因素

充分考虑湿式多片制动器多构层,有间隙的结构和特点,采用间隙单元了湿式多片制动器衬片压力分布的有限元分析模型并通过台架试验验证了该有限元模型的正确性,在此基础上,利用有限单元法进一步探讨了湿式多片制动器多种结构参数对衬片压力分布的影响规律,并针对湿式多制动器设计原理和方法提出了一些新观点。     

双蜗壳泵压力脉动特性及叶轮径向力数值模

为揭示双蜗壳离心泵的水力不稳定性,采用雷诺时均方法和SST k-ω湍流模型,对一双蜗壳双吸离心泵进行了三维非定常湍流数值模拟,得到了泵内部流场特性及双蜗壳内压力脉动情况.并对其进行了频谱分析.结果表明双蜗壳内存在比较明显的压力脉动.设计工况下压水室内的压力脉动强度小于非设计工况.在设计工况下,隔舌处和隔板区压力脉动频率均以叶片通过频率为主,其中隔板起始端的脉动幅值最大,约为隔舌处的2.5倍.在大流量工况下,隔舌处和隔板起始端压力脉动频率以叶片通过频率为主,而小流量工况下以叶轮转顿为主.叶轮受到的径向力随着叶轮的旋转呈现不稳定性,其中小流量工况时最明显.3种工况下径向力均指向隔板起始端侧.     

温度对土壤水分张力计的内压影响及校正方法(英文)

在土壤水分张力计系统内嵌入一电子式温度传感器,对管内温度进行实时监测,对照管内压力发现:以密封塞取代陶土头时,管内温度上升26.9℃内压力变化了14.6Kpa。当实验盆钵内的土壤含水量相对不变时,负压计中的压力值仍然随着温度变化出现有规律的周期变动,温度上升22.2℃管内压力变化了7.4 Kpa。通过对采集管内张力数据进行补偿运算,对张力计系统的升温和降温阶段进行温度补偿,可有效对由温度变化引起的张力计系统误差进行校正。当测定间隔为4h、温差为18.1℃时,两点的张力相差仅0.278Kpa,未做补偿的两点压力差达6.5 Kpa。说明在在土壤水分张力计系统内嵌入一电子式温度传感器能够有效校正温度变化引起的张力计系统误差,达到全天候实时对目标地区实现水分管理的目的。     

龙眼果实差压预冷过程中的阻力特性

建立了龙眼差压预冷试验台,测定了不同条件下龙眼果实的通风阻力特性。结果表明,风速与压降之间的关系可以用Ramsin方程来描述,压差与风速近似呈平方关系。研究了包装箱的开孔形状与开孔率对压力损失的影响,研究表明,在相同的风速和开孔率条件下,圆形开孔的压力损失较小,矩形开孔的压力损失较大,龙眼差压预冷包装箱的开孔率大于15．5％时,压力损失小而且能耗较低。     

土壤类型和容重对离心机法测定土壤水分特征曲线的影响

本研究以杨凌塿土和嫩江黑土为研究对象,分别设置了4个土壤容重处理(1.0、1.1、1.2、1.3 g/cm³),利用离心机法测定土壤失水过程,以压力膜仪法为标准,对比不同吸力下的含水量实测值和van Genuchten模型参数的差异。结果表明,随着土壤容重的增加,离心机法测定土壤水分特征曲线准确度逐渐增加,获取黑土和塿土的van Genuchten模型参数α的准确度增幅分别为38.46% ~ 83.08% 和56.38% ~ 95.75%。离心机法测定土壤水分特征曲线的准确度在不同吸力段表现不同,近饱和段(0 ~ 10 kPa)离心机法测定值偏低,而高吸力段(10 ~ 1 500 kPa)测定值偏高,且高吸力段离心机法测定准确度较低,与压力膜仪法测定值具有极显著差异(P<0.01)。综上所述,为了提高离心机法测定土壤水分特征曲线的准确度,优先考虑应用于大容重和高有机质含量的土壤。     

Tissue distribution of glycinebetaine,proline and inorganic ions in barley at different times during the plant growth cycle.

The study of tissue distribution of glycinebetaine in barley grown hypoponically revealed that, during the vegetative growth period, young actively growing leaves accumulated higher levels than the mature lower leaves. Proline showed a complex pattern of leaf distribution. While K⁺ and Cl^‐ were uniformly distributed, the former being at a much higher concentration, levels of Na⁺ Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were generally higher in the older leaves than the younger leaves. As the plants matured their leaves contained higher levels of divalent cations. The ear contents of glycinebetaine, proline, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ increased with the ear maturity. The relative contribution of cations to the tissue osmotic pressure is discussed.     

Influences of ultra‐violet (UV)‐blue light radiation on the growth of cotton. I. Effect on iron nutrition and iron stress response

Cool white fluorescent (CWF) light reduces Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ while low pressure sodium (LPS) light does not. Cotton plants grown under CWF light are green, while those yrown under LPS light develop a chlorosis very similar to the chlorosis that develops when the plants are deficient in iron (Fe). It could be that CWF light (which has ultra violet) makes iron more available for plant use by maintaining more Fe²⁺ in the plant. Two of the factors commonly induced by Fe‐stress in dicotyledonous plants‐‐hydroyen ions and reductants released by the roots‐‐were measured as indicators of the Fe‐deficiency stress response mechanism in M8 cotton.

The plants were grown under LPS and CWF light in nutrient solutions containing either NO₃‐N or NH₄‐N as the source of nitrogen, and also in a fertilized alkaline soil. Leaf chlorophyll concentration varied significantly in plants grown under the two light sources as follows: CWF+Fe > LPS+Fe > CWF‐Fe ≥ LPS‐Fe. The leaf nitrate and root Fe concentrations were significantly greater and leaf Fe was generally lower in plants grown under LPS than CWF light. Hydrogen ions were extruded by Fe‐deficiency stressed roots grown under either LPS or CWF light, but “reductants”; were extruded only by the plants grown under CWF light. In tests demonstrating the ability of light to reduce Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ in solutions, enough ultra violet penetrated the chlorotic leaf of LPS yrown plants to reduce some Fe³⁺ in a beaker below, but no reduction was evident through a yreen CWF grown leaf.

The chlorosis that developed in these cotton plants appeared to be induced by a response to the source of liyht and not by the fertilizer added. It seems possible that ultra violet liyht could affect the reduction of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ in leaves and thus control the availability of this iron to biological systems requiring iron in the plant.     

流量可调燃气发生器压力闭环模糊控制算法

为了改进流量可调燃气发生器的调节精度,引入燃气发生器压力闭环控制,针对流量可调燃气发生器压力闭环控制特点,在压力闭环中引入了模糊积分控制,此控制算法响应速度快,超调量较小,不同工况及长时间工作下系统仍然有较好的动态特性。 