薯蓣丸加减方对鼻咽癌放疗患者EB病毒的影响

目的 观察薯蓣丸加减方对鼻咽癌放疗患者EB病毒的影响。方法 将60例鼻咽癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,观察组在放疗开始第1天给予口服薯蓣丸加减方治疗,对照组在开始放疗第1天给予康复新液治疗。观察两组治疗前后临床疗效、患者生活质量及EB病毒DNA水平。结果 治疗后观察组临床疗效及中医症候疗效均优于对照组(P＜0.05);两组生活质量均有明显改善(P＜0.05),观察组改善更为显著(P＜0.01);血浆EBV-DNA水平均较治疗前下降(P＜0.05),观察组下降更为显著(P＜0.01)。结论 薯蓣丸加减方对鼻咽癌放疗患者有较好的治疗作用,可提高患者生活质量,其作用机制可能与降低鼻咽癌患者血浆EBV-DNA水平有关。     

Comparative virulence of Infectious salmon anaemia virus isolates in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) surveillance in the Bay of Fundy has identified the existence of a large number of genetically distinct ISAV isolates which appear to be of variable virulence. Genetically distinct isolates are currently being designated based on sequencing of the hyper polymorphic region (HPR) of genomic segment 6, which encodes the haemagglutinin–esterase protein, but it has been difficult to elucidate a clear association between these molecular variations and variations in virulence. This has hampered the establishment of proactive management decisions regarding infected fish, and ISAV infections, regardless of type, must be treated as one. Field data of ISAV infections is difficult to collect and to compare between infections because of a wide range of confounding factors including time of year, fish stock, cage site location, mitigating factors and stressors. An important tool in determining the relationship between molecular differences and virulence comes from analysis of quarantine studies. The goal of this study was to compare the virulence, by co-habitation and intraperitoneal injection, of four regionally common and recent ISAV isolates in a controlled environment. We found significant differences in mortality between ISAV molecular isolates, and present data showing that survival of ISAV infection confers significant resistance to re-infection with a different ISAV isolate. These findings, if borne out in field studies, will significantly alter the way ISAV infections are managed in the Bay of Fundy and elsewhere.     

黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒西瓜、甜瓜种子的带毒率和传毒率

[目的]加强种子带毒检测,防止黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒 (Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)通过种子传播而导致该病害的扩散和流行.[方法]以感染CGMMV的西瓜、甜瓜病株收获的种子为材料,应用DAS-ELISA检测感染CGMMV的种子带毒率和传毒率.[结果]250粒西瓜种子全部为阳性,带毒率达100%;623株西瓜幼苗14株为阳性,传毒率为2.25%.130粒甜瓜种子122粒为阳性,带毒率达93.85%;2 050株甜瓜幼苗58株为阳性,传毒率为2.83%.灵敏度检测种子带毒量在感染种子研磨样体积与健康种子研磨样体积为1/1 000时仍检测是阳性;叶片带毒量在病叶研磨样体积与健康叶研磨样体积为1/10 000时仍检测是阳性.[结论]感染CGMMV西瓜、甜瓜种子带毒率高而传毒率相对较低,说明CGMMV主要以种子表面带毒为主.灵敏度检测表明DAS-ELISA能进行大批量的种子检测.     

Isolation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus from mummichog, stickleback, striped bass and brown trout in eastern Canada

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) was isolated from mortalities occurring in populations of mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus aculeatus, brown trout, Salmo trutta, and striped bass, Morone saxatilis, in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada. The isolated viral strains produced a cytopathic effect on the epithelioma papillosum cyprini cell line. Serum neutralization indicated the virus was VHSV and sequencing identified the rhabdovirus isolates as the North American strain of VHSV. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolates are closely related and form a distinguishable subgroup of North American type VHSV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of VHSV in mummichog and striped bass.     

Characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies against white spot syndrome virus

Three hybridoma clones secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced from mouse myeloma and spleen cells immunized with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) isolated and purified from Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), collected from north-eastern Taiwan. By sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), the protein profile of this isolate contained four major proteins with sizes of approximately 35 (VP35), 28 (VP28), 24 (VP24), and 19 kDa (VP19). Western blot analysis revealed that two MAbs (1D7 and 6E1) recognized epitopes on VP28 and one MAb (3E8) recognized an epitope on VP19. The MAb 6E1 isotyped to the IgG₁ class was used in both an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and in an immunochemical staining protocol for successful identification and localization of WSSV in infected shrimp tissues. Antigenic similarity of isolates from Indonesia and Malaysia to the Taiwan isolate was illustrated by IFA with MAb 6E1. A MAb (2F6) which bound specifically to two shrimp proteins, 75 and 72 kDa, and reacted to the healthy and non-target tissues of WSSV in infected shrimp, such as hepatopancreas, is also described here and shows the necessity for specific identification of antibodies.     

三疣梭子蟹14-3-3基因的克隆及其在低盐和病原胁迫后的表达分析

本研究利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)克隆了三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)14-3-3基因(Pt14-3-3)。Pt14-3-3基因cDNA序列全长为2510 bp,包含开放阅读框741 bp,编码由247个氨基酸组成的蛋白,分子量为27.98 kDa。序列比对结果显示,Pt14-3-3基因与中华绒螯蟹14-3-3基因同源性最高(100%)。系统进化树分析表明,Pt14-3-3氨基酸序列与中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)紧密聚为一支。组织表达分析显示,Pt14-3-3基因在肝胰腺、肌肉、鳃、心脏、眼柄、血淋巴中均有表达,其中,在肝胰腺中的表达量最高。低盐胁迫后,Pt14-3-3基因在鳃和肝胰腺中的表达量分别于48 h和12 h显著上调并达到最大值,分别为对照组的1.34倍(P<0.05)和7.54倍(P<0.05)。人工感染副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)和白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)后,Pt14-3-3基因在肝胰腺和血细胞中整体均呈显著上调表达,最高上调17.52倍(P<0.05)。本研究结果表明,Pt14-3-3基因可能在三疣梭子蟹低盐适应和免疫反应中发挥重要作用。     

家蚕抗核型多角体病毒基因与蛋白的研究进展

追踪研究蚕体内的抗家蚕核型多角体病毒（Bombyxmori nuclearpolyhedrosis virus,BmNPV）基因与蛋白,了解家蚕抗BmNPV的机制,对减轻甚至解除血液型脓病、促进桑蚕产业发展具有重要意义。文章就家蚕抗BmNPV基因和蛋白的研究进展进行综述,提出今后对家蚕抗BmNPV的研究策略应是运用多种技术同时从DNA、RNA、蛋白质水平上进行研究,鉴定家蚕抗BmNPV基因或蛋白及其与抗BmNPV的相关性;再采用RNA干涉、转基因技术对家蚕进行基因操作,改变其对BmNPV的抵抗能力,确认这些基因、蛋白的抗病毒功能。另外,使用免疫组化、免疫共沉淀,ELISA等技术探索基因一蛋白、蛋白一蛋白间的相互作用,找到基因或蛋白的上、下游作用因子,解释清楚家蚕抗BmNPV的详细机制,为最终解除家蚕脓病危害、促进蚕业发展提供参考资料。     

Virus infections of the European Eel in North Rhine Westphalian rivers

Viral infections have been suggested to play a role in the decline of the panmictic population of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). However, despite the importance of knowledge about pathogenic eel viruses, little is known about their spread in the wild European eel population and only a few eel pathogenic viruses have been described so far. In this study, we aimed to investigate the health status of the A. anguilla stock in North Rhine Westphalia (NRW) State of Germany. For this purpose, we examined tissue samples of 16 elvers, 100 yellow eels and 6 silver eels, sampled from the rivers Rhine, Lippe and Ems. Virus detection was performed via a combination of cell culture and PCR. Next to the detection of frequently encountered pathogenic eel viruses (anguillid herpesvirus 1 and eel virus European X (EVEX)), we isolated the eel picornavirus 1 (EPV-1) from tissue of yellow eels and elvers and demonstrate the distribution of EPV-1 in wild eel population in NRW.