采用区域生长法分割根系CT图像的改进算法

提出了一种基于阈值分析和区域生长相结合的用于植物根系CT序列图像分割的算法。首先通过直方图分析,初步确定根系区域的分割阈值,再利用经过改进的区域生长法分割得到目标区域。实验结果表明,该分割算法计算量小,分割精度高,在提取目标的同时,能够有效地分离介质(背景)像素;而且对于背景复杂、噪声较大、目标像素灰度不均匀的CT图像也能取得较好的分割效果。     

Influence of non-cellulose structural carbohydrate composition on plant material decomposition in soil

The C mineralisation pattern during the early stage of decomposition of plant materials is largely determined by their content of different carbohydrates. This study investigated whether detailed plant analysis could provide a better prediction of C mineralisation during decomposition than proximate analysis [neutral detergent solution (NDF)/acid detergent solution (ADF)]. The detailed analysis included sugars, fructans, starch, pectin, cellulose, lignin and organic N. To determine whether differences in decomposition rate were related to differences in hemicellulose composition, the analysis particularly emphasised the concentrations of arabinose and xylose in hemicelluloses. Carbon dioxide evolution was monitored hourly in soil amended with ten different plant materials. Principal component and regression analysis showed that C mineralisation during day 1 was closely related to free sugars, fructans and soluble organic N components (R ² = 0.83). The sum of non-cellulose structural carbohydrates (intermediate NDF/ADF fraction) was not related to C mineralisation between days 1 and 9. In contrast, a model including starch and protein in addition to the non-cellulose structural carbohydrates, with the hemicelluloses replaced by arabinose and xylose, showed a strong relationship with evolved CO₂ (R ² = 0.87). Carbon mineralisation between days 9 and 34 was better explained by xylan, cellulose and lignin (R ² = 0.72) than by lignocellulose in the ADF fraction. Our results indicated that proximate analyses were not sufficient to explain differences in decomposition. To predict C mineralisation from the range of plant materials studied, we propose a minimum set of analyses comprising total N, free sugars, starch, arabinose, xylan, cellulose and lignin.     

植物富集环境污染物的我国研究进展

综述了植物富集环境污染物的研究现状,从植物富集无机污染物,植物富集有机污染物以及植物富集放射性污染物方面进行了探讨,旨在展望植物富集环境污染物的研究趋势。     

陆地生态系统碳循环对土地利用变化的响应

陆地生态系统碳循环在全球碳循环中占有重要地位,而土地利用变化是估测陆地生态系统碳储存与释放的最大不确定性因素。植被和土壤是陆地生态系统的两大碳库,是碳循环中的两个重要纽带,土地利用变化影响陆地生态系统土壤和植被碳的固定、积累与释放,从而影响整个碳循环过程。本文主要从土壤和植被碳库的角度出发,综述了近年来土地利用变化对陆地生态系统碳循环的影响及其机理,以及研究方法进展,着重分析了模型在此方面的应用;并提出了未来研究方向的展望。     

利用植物控制鼠害的应用研究现状及展望

鼠类主要以植物为食,而植物对鼠类的取食也具有一定的抵抗作用,这种作用主要表现在驱避、毒杀和使鼠类产生不育作用。植物对鼠类的驱避作用可使其避免害鼠的危害,毒杀和不育作用可使鼠类种群数量减少,从而减轻对植物自身的危害。本文主要对植物的这3种作用进行介绍,并分析了植物次生代谢物在鼠害防治中的发展趋势和应用前景。     

利用组织培养技术向普通小麦导入簇毛麦抗白粉病基因的研究

 对硬粒小麦（T.durum）-簇毛麦（H.villosa）杂种幼胚和F#-1幼穗诱导的愈伤组织进行秋水仙素处理获得硬-簇双二倍体TH1，TH1W，TH2W，TH3，TH3W。平均加倍率为78.8%,最高为94.1%。通过与普通小麦（T.aestivum）回交，幼胚和花药培养，得到了6D/6V异代换系94G22-1，94G25-1，94G32-1，94G33-1。谷草转氨酶（GOT）和酯酶（EST）同工酶可作为这些材料的生化标记。RAPD分析中，引物OPAN3可作为其分子标记引物。     

小叶章种群地上生物量与株高的分形特征

小叶章（Ｄｅｙｅｕｘｉａａｎｇｕｓｔｉｆｏｌｉａ）为三江平原的代表植物,也是优良的饲用植物,文章应用分形理论的方法,探讨了三江平原典型草甸小叶章种群地上生物量与株高的关系,揭示其地上生物量的积累和空间分布规律及生长过程。结果表明：两者之间存在分形特征,具有自相似规律。在６～９月其分形维数Ｄ值分别为１１６９、１６７４、２０６５、１８４３;在整个生长季其Ｄ值为１７３０。说明小叶章种群生物量积累及其空间分布是一个分形生长过程,服从Ｄ值规律增长。其成熟植株可看做是生长初期植株经生长放大而形成的。     

双价抗虫转基因棉花研究

构建了携带人工合成的GFM CryIA杀虫基因和经过修饰的CpTI基因的高效双价杀虫基因植物表达载体pGBI121S4ABC。采用花粉管通道法,将pGBI121S4ABC转入到石远321、中棉所19号、3517和541中国棉花生产品种中,首次获得了双价转基因抗虫棉株系。叶片室内抗虫生物学鉴定表明,抗性好的株系棉铃虫幼虫校正死亡率大于96%;经分子检测,证实了双价杀虫基因在棉花基因组中的整合与表达。     

植物根际促生菌作用机制的研究进展

常年施用化肥会对土壤、大气以及水体等产生有害影响,不符合我国农业发展的绿色环保理念。植物根际促生菌（Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria,PGPR）广泛生存在植物根际,是具有生防并起促生作用的有益微生物菌群,对作物生长发挥重要作用,正逐步成为目前的研究热点。本文回顾了PGPR促进植物生长的机制,包括直接促进植物生长作用及间接控制病原菌作用。同时,综述了PGPR菌剂的应用状况。最后,对PGPR的研究重点进行了展望,以期为PGPR生物肥料的研发与应用提供理论支持。     

RAPD Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Yunjie(Eruca sativa Mill.) in China

Genetic diversity of Yunjie (Eruca sativa Mill. ) in China was assessed by analyses of RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers. Twenty native cultivars representing Yunjie-growing ecotypes in China were selected as material in this study. Twelve out of the 64 tested random decamer primers were able to identify 131 stable RAPD bands from these Yunjie cultivars. Of them 105 bands, or 80.15% of the total, were polymorphic. Most Yunjie cultivars from the same ecotype had their characteristic DNA bands.Cluster analysis by unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) suggested that the 20 Yunjie genotypes could be divided into four groups. The genetic distances among the 20 cultivars varied from 0. 117 8between Shuozhou and Shenchi to 0. 499 4 between Hetian and Xiliang. Hetian alone could be a new type of Yunjie identified in China because it had the greatest genetic distance from all the other tested cultivars. These results indicate that Chinese Yunjie have abundant genetic diversity. Classification of Chinese Yunjie based on the RAPD information was in good agreement with the relationships between these Yunjie cultivars in their geographic origins and their plant morphology.