中华蚊母新病害鉴定及防治技术研究

运用柯赫氏法则对中华蚊母上发生的一种病害进行了验证,并在室内培养基上测试了4种常用杀菌剂(75％百菌清WP、80％多菌灵WP、70％代森锰锌WP和250 g/L阿米西达)对该病原菌的抑菌效果.结果表明:该病害为中华蚊母叶部的一种新病害;初步定为中华蚊母炭疽病,病原菌为半知菌亚门刺盘孢属的胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioids).4种杀菌剂中,以75％百菌清WP抑菌效果最好,80％多菌灵WP和250 g/L阿米西这次之,70％代森锰锌WP最差.     

Effect of external counterpulsation on asymmetry diethylarginine and endothelin levels in blood

AIM:To observe changes of serum asymmetry dimethylarginine (ADMA) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels,which reflect blood vessel endothelial function,after therapy of enhanced external counterpulsation(EECP) in patients who had taken percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stent.METHODS:Fifty one coronary heart disease patients (all of them had taken percutaneous tranluminal coronary angioplasty and stent) were distributed into two groups by matching them with ratio of 1∶2,17 patients in EECP group and 34 patients in control group.Both of two groups were given conventional medicine,in addition,EECP group was undertaken three courses of treatment of EECP.ADMA was detected by HPLC-fluorescence method,and ET-1 was detected by radio-immunity method.RESULTS:In EECP group ，compared with prior treatment,ADMA and ET-1 levels was obviously reduced (P<0.05).In control group,compared with prior treatment,ADMA had no significant difference (P>0.05) and ET-1 was higher (P<0.01).Compared between two groups,extent of decrease in ADMA and ET-1 levels in EECP group were more obvious than control group (P<0.01).Improvement of angina and decrease of frequency of angina was more obvious in EECP group than control group.Besides,decrease of ADMA level was positive correlation with them (r=0.85，0.70,respectively P<0.01).CONCLUSION:EECP reduces serum ADMA and ET-1 levels by increasing shear stress to vessel endothelium in coronary heart disease patients who had taken percutaneous tranluminal coronary angioplasty.It hints that EECP can improve endothelial function and provides experimental evidence for the combined treatment of coronary heart disease.     

Concepts and Direction of Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants and its Application

Resistance to plant disease is often specific and metabolites and receptors contributing to this specificity may have specific structures. However, simple, structurally-unrelated compounds induce systemic resistance in unrelated plants to diverse pathogens including fungi, bacteria and viruses. Both resistance and induced systemic resistance (ISR) are associated with the rapid accumulation of the same structurally unrelated putative defense compounds that have diverse functions. It has been suggested that cultivar (race)-specific resistance is initiated by the specific interaction of a pathogen product (or pathogen induced product) and a plant receptor. However, restricted infection by pathogens can result in ISR and many different compounds can cause ISR. It is thus evident that there are both specific and non-specific routes to the master switch for ISR and there may be more than one master switch. Are reactive oxygen species and free radicals regulating the master switch(es) via both routes? It is also evident there are many switches, other than the master switch. Adding to the complexity of resistance and ISR are the observations that different compounds and pathways may mediate different biochemical resistances. Activation of one of the pathways may antagonize or enhance the activation or effectiveness of another. The review will address these complexities and questions and propose directions of research which require high priority. Factors which encourage and suppress the application of ISR in agriculture will also be addressed.     

中国小麦农家品种‘老白麦’抗条锈性遗传分析

小麦条锈病是小麦生产上重要的气传叶部病害。不断发掘和利用新抗源是持续控制条锈病流行危害的重要基础研究工作。‘老白麦’是我国小麦农家品种,对我国当前主要流行小种和致病类型均表现为高抗水平。本研究采用常规杂交分析方法,对‘老白麦’及其与感病品种‘Taichung 29’的杂交后代在成株期和苗期分别接种CYR32号小种和CYR33号小种,进行抗条锈性鉴定和统计分析。结果表明,‘老白麦’对CYR33号小种在苗期和成株期均表现近免疫,其全生育期抗条锈性由1对显性基因控制;对CYR32号小种在成株期表现近免疫,苗期表现高感,成株抗条锈性由1对显性基因控制,属细胞核遗传。研究结果表明‘老白麦’至少含有2对显性抗病基因,分别控制‘老白麦’对CYR33号小种的全生育期抗性和对CYR32号小种的成株抗性。基因推导分析认为‘老白麦’对CYR33的全生育期抗性基因可能为未知新基因。建议在抗病育种中加以有效合理利用,促进小麦品种中抗病基因多样化布局。     

小麦抗源武汉2号和品冬34的抗条锈性遗传分析

为明确小麦品种武汉2号和品冬34对小麦条锈菌流行小种的抗病性及抗病遗传规律,用小麦条锈菌生理小种CYR29、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33以及致病类型Su11-4、Su11-5、Su11-11、PST-Ch42在苗期接种小麦品种武汉2号和品冬34进行抗病性鉴定,并用武汉2号和品冬34分别与感病亲本铭贤169进行杂交,对F₂群体和F_2：3家系在温室进行苗期遗传分析。结果表明：武汉2号对CYR29和CYR32表现感病,对其它小种和致病型均表现抗病,且对CYR31的抗性由1对隐性基因控制;品冬34对所测试的小种和致病类型均表现高抗,且对CYR32的抗性由1对显性基因控制。     

引起浙贝母黑斑病的交链格孢单抗及检测试纸条的制备

浙贝母黑斑病是危害浙贝母茎叶的重要真菌性病害之一, 该病侵染叶片产生叶斑?叶枯, 严重时全株枯死?本研究制备了针对浙贝母黑斑病致病菌交链格孢Alternaria alternata的单克隆抗体(单抗), 并开发了胶体碳免疫层析试纸条用于黑斑病早期精准检测?以交链格孢提取液免疫Bal b/c小鼠, 采用杂交瘤技术制备单抗, 间接ELISA法和Western blot分析单抗的效价?灵敏度?特异性?抗体类型及结合蛋白?以双抗夹心法制备胶体碳免疫层析试纸条?得到3种针对交链格孢的单抗及其杂交瘤细胞株AaA1?AaC2和AaC5?3种单抗对交链格孢均具有高度特异性, 灵敏度为12.21~24.41 ng/mL, 效价≥6.40×105, 抗体类型分别为IgG2a?IgG3和IgG3, 结合蛋白的分子量分别为37?62 kDa和66 kDa?以AaA1为碳标单抗, AaC2为划膜单抗的胶体碳试纸条检测交链格孢的方法快速简便?准确灵敏?经济环保?从田间采样到出结果用时少于15 min, 样品简单研磨后取汁液加入加样孔即完成全部操作, 对交链格孢抗原的检测灵敏度为6.25 μg/mL, 试纸条采用环保材料制备, 单个试纸条的成本约1.7元?     

Tubulin expression of basal cells in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia

AIM: To investigate quantitatively the tubulin expression of basal cells in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) and evaluate its significance in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: α-tubulin of basal cells was examined using LSAB immunohistochemical technique, and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by image analyzer. RESULTS: The integrated absorbance (IA, 261.43±25.21) and the average absorbance (AA, 1.89±0.14) in the AD group were significantly higher than those (IA, 120.55±19.71 and AA, 0.85±0.14, respectively) in the VD group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the α-tubulin of basal cells could be served as a extraneuronal biological marker in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease early.     

棉隆熏蒸土壤消毒后对土传病害防治效果的影响研究

[目的]了解98%棉隆对保护地土传病害的防治效果,为保护地土传病害防控提供科学依据和技术支持。[方法]通过应用不同浓度的棉隆对大棚土壤进行消毒,对主要土传病害进行数据分析和产量调查。[结果 ]施用25 g/m²棉隆即可达到理想效果。[结论]棉隆土壤消毒剂对防治番茄织球壳菌萎蔫病、茄子黄萎病、辣椒疫病、根结线虫等土传病害均能取得良好效果,可显著提高作物产量。     

莱姆病螺旋体感染对蜱的4个功能基因的转录影响

为探索蜱及蜱传病的防控新策略,了解病原与媒介硬蜱相互作用的分子机制,本研究以莱姆病病原伯氏疏螺旋体感染后对长角血蜱4个功能基因的转录影响进行了研究。将不同浓度梯度的伯氏疏螺旋体显微注射到长角血蜱体内,分不同的时间段提取蜱的总RNA,反转录成cDNA后,用实时荧光定量PCR检测蜱基因的表达水平。结果显示:伯氏疏螺旋体感染对蜱半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂1(HLcyst-1)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂3(HLcyst-3)、卵泡抑素(FRP)、凝血酶抑制剂(Hemalin)4个功能基因的转录均产生了显著影响,但存在时间和剂量相关性,感染后第4天显著诱导了长角血蜱HLcyst-1基因的表达,抑制了Hemalin基因表达。     

斑点叉尾鲴嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

从发生在四川、重庆等省市的斑点叉尾妇急性流行性传染病病鱼的肝脏、肾脏内分离到1株高致病性菌株（CCF00024），人工感染健康鱼表现出与自然痛鱼相同的症状，并从中分离获得同种细菌，证实其为斑点叉尾鲴急性流行性传染病的病原菌。形态、生理生化检测表明，该菌为非发酵型直杆菌，严格需氧，革兰氏阴性，极生多鞭毛，对除麦芽糖和甘露糖以外的多种糖类不利用产酸，氧化酶阴性，DNA酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶阳性，MR、VP阴性。在以该菌16SrDNA序列（GenBank登录号AY970826）和GenBank及RDP数据库内同源性较高的细菌16SrDNA序列构建的系统发育树中，分离菌CCF00024与嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia）聚在一簇，特剐是与5．maltophiliaM5—1的同源性最高，序列相似性达99．6％，结合形态和生理生化特点将其鉴定为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia）。药敏试验结果表明，对磺胺甲口恶唑、磺胺异口恶唑、阿齐霉素、洛美沙星高度敏感，而对新霉素、卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素、头孢唑啉、先锋霉素V和链霉素不敏感。