香料八角叶斑病的病原鉴定与五种杀菌剂毒力测定

根据八角叶斑病症状特征和病原菌形态特征等特点,鉴定其病原菌为半知菌亚门拟盘多毛孢属（Pestalotiopsis Sp．）。采用供试的5种杀菌剂对病原菌菌丝进行室内毒力测定,结果表明：10％斯高WG、70％甲基托布津WP、15％三唑酮WP对八角叶斑病的病原菌抑制效果相对较高,而50％福美双WP、75％百菌清WP的抑制效果不明显。     

Lactobacilli Improve the Antioxidant Activity in Fermented Coriolus versicolor Extract

Coriolus versicolor has been reported to have biological activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antibiotics and immunopotentiation. The authors tried to ferment using lactobacilli associated with various biological functions and expected that fermented extract by lactobacilli will be superior to non-fermented extract in antioxidant activity. C. versicolor was extracted with 70% ethanol and then it was fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC3164 and Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3099, respectively. 1,l-dipheny｜-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase （SOD）-like activity and tetrazolium salt 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assays were performed. DPPH scavenging activity of fermented extract by L. acidophilus was higher than fermented extract by L. plantarum and antioxidant effect of fermented extract was 20%-30% higher than non-fermented extract. SOD-like activity was represented 18% in fermented extract by L. acidophilus, and was 27% in fermented extract by L. plantarum higher than non-fermented extract. As a result, this study suggests that it may need an efficient protocol for dominant bio-physiological activities such as extract volume or appropriate working volume of cultured cell or mixture condition. The fermented C. versicolor extract should provide with useful antioxidant agent in the human skin.     

Anatomical changes in the cell-wall structure of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit as caused by the decay fungi Trametes versicolor and Trametes hirsuta

The structural changes in the cell wall and delignification pattern caused by Trametes versicolor and Trametes hirsuta in the sap wood of Leucaena leucocephala were examined by light and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The in vitro decay test was conducted for 12 weeks. Both species of Trametes used in this study caused anatomical characteristics specific to simultaneous white rot. Formation of boreholes, erosion troughs, erosion channels with U-shaped notches in tangential sections and thinning of cell walls were evident in the wood inoculated with each of the fungal species. Cell separation due to removal of middle lamellae occurred at the early stages of infection (30 d) with T. versicolor. In contrast, middle lamellae remained intact in wood inoculated with T. hirsuta and showed cell separation due to degradation of the outer layer of the secondary wall and degradation of the middle lamellae observed only in severely decayed wood at late stages. Confocal microscopy revealed the delignification pattern particularly from cell corners and vessel walls at an advanced stage of decay, indicating strong ligninolytic activity of both species in the sapwood of L. leucocephala.     

拟盘多毛孢属在云南的34个种

本文报道了在云南的拟盘多毛孢属（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓ Ｓｔｅｙ．）真菌３４个种，其中新组合种９个：（１）生于中粒咖啡（Ｃｏｆｆｅａ ｒｏｂｕｓｔａ Ｌｉｎｄｅｎ．）叶上的蕃薯拟盘多毛孢菌〔Ｐ．ｂａｔａｔａｅ（ＥＩＩ．＆ Ｅｖ．）Ｇ．Ｃ．Ｚｈａｏ ＆ Ｌｉ．ｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．〕；（２）生于蕃石榴（Ｐｓｉｄｉｕｍ ｇｕａｊａｖａ Ｌ．）叶上的木防已拟盘多孢菌（Ｐ．ｃｏｃｕｌｉ （Ｇｕｂａ）Ｇ．     

花叶芦竹冬季浸水萌芽试验的初步研究

连续2a从11月或12月到翌年3月中旬对花叶芦竹茎秆进行不同处理的浸水萌芽试验。结果表明: (1)花叶芦竹冬季浸水萌芽过程中,几乎每1节都能萌发1个芽,最多1节萌发4芽; (2)茎秆分段处理,其萌芽能力大小顺序为中段>下段>上段,中段萌芽率(芽数/节数)显著高于下段和上段(P< 0. 05); (3)茎秆分段处理与整枝处理的萌芽能力没有显著差异,年龄对萌芽能力没有显著影响作用。     

短穗鱼尾葵灰斑病菌的鉴定及生物学特性*

［目的］ 明确引起短穗鱼尾葵灰斑病的病原菌及该菌的生物学特性。［方法］ 从短穗鱼尾葵感病组织上分离、纯化病菌,经致病性测定后根据其形态特征进行种类鉴定,并测定其在不同培养条件下的生物学特性。［结果］ 引起短穗鱼尾葵灰斑病的病原菌为小孢拟盘多毛孢菌［Pestalotiopsis microspora (Speg.) Satista &; Peresapud Batista］。该菌在PSA 培养基上长势最好;菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最适温度为25 ℃;完全光照条件最利于菌丝的生长和产孢;在pH5时菌丝生长最好,pH6时孢子萌发率最高,pH2时孢子不萌发;孢子的致死温度为50 ℃。［结论］ 上述结果可以为短穗鱼尾葵灰斑病的防治提供依据。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌在山茶叶中的定殖及对山茶灰斑病的防效

【目的】解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)是从山茶叶片内部分离得到的1株内生拮抗菌株,通过研究该菌株在山茶叶片表面和内部的定殖规律及其对山茶灰斑病的田间防治效果,为新型生防制剂的开发及山茶灰斑病的生物防治提供理论依据。【方法】采用抗生素标记法,结合比较标记菌株和非标记菌株的形态特征、拮抗能力、防病效果,筛选出最佳标记菌株;分别采用喷施和针刺法研究接种浓度、病原菌对生防菌在山茶叶表面及内部定殖动态的影响,并测定生防菌对山茶灰斑病的田间防治效果。【结果】从含500μg/mL链霉素抗性平板上得到最佳标记菌株,标记菌株与未标记菌株在形态特征、拮抗能力、防病效果方面均无明显差异。定殖试验表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌能够高效定殖于山茶叶表面及内部,且叶表面的定殖较叶片内部更为高效、持久,其定殖量与接种浓度呈正相关,并在一定时间内维持相当数量,病原菌仅与叶表面定殖密切相关,与生防菌的叶内定殖无关。田间防治试验表明,生防菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌悬液对山茶灰斑病有显著生防效果,预先接种生防菌菌悬液后再接种病原菌的生防效果最好,防效为75.35%,先接种病原菌后喷施解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌悬液处理的防效为73.89%,同时接种生防菌菌悬液和病原菌时的防效最低,为72.95%。【结论】生防菌株B.amyloliquefaciens能够有效定殖于山茶叶片表面及内部,且对山茶灰斑病具有显著的生物防治效果。     

云芝多糖对鸡新城疫体液免疫效果的影响

[目的]探究云芝多糖对鸡新城疫体液免疫抗体水平的影响。[方法]云芝多糖以肌肉注射、口服和稀释疫苗滴鼻点眼3种方式配合鸡新城疫克隆30疫苗免疫7日龄雏鸡,首免10 d后进行第2次免疫,并分别于首免后第5、10、18、25、30、40、70天测定其血凝抑制(HI)抗体效价。[结果]3种作用方式下的云芝多糖均具有明显增强体液免疫效果的作用。其中,以口服免疫组的抗体水平上升得最高,持续时间最长,但其用量较大;注射组抗体产生最快,但持续时间比口服组略短。滴鼻点眼组的抗体效价与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。[结论]云芝多糖能大大提高机体的体液免疫水平。     

油茶叶枯病菌的鉴定及生物学特性研究

从海南五指山油茶园区采集到油茶叶枯病叶,进行病原菌分离鉴定并对其生物学特性进行研究.通过对其培养特性、形态特征的观察及rDNA的转录间隔区(ITS)序列测定,与Genbank中同源性较高的菌株进行序列比对,将该病原菌OC-12确定为小孢拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis microspora).生物学特性研究结果表明:OC-12菌丝在PDA培养基上生长最佳,在crapek培养基上不产孢,在燕麦培养基上最适合产孢.菌丝生长和分生孢子产生的适宜温度分别为20～30℃和25℃,适宜pH值为4～11.供试碳源中果糖较利于菌丝生长,D-葡萄糖较利于孢子产生;供试氮源中蛋白胨和硝酸钾较利于菌丝生长,且蛋白胨较利于孢子产生.分生孢子致死温度为52℃,10 min.     

4种白腐真菌单独及混合培养时漆酶活性比较

为提高白腐真菌漆酶产量,以黑木耳、杂色云芝、杏鲍菇和硫磺菌为出发菌株,观察和分析了各个菌株单独培养和混合培养时的漆酶产生情况.结果表明,单独培养时杂色云芝的产漆酶能力最强(1060.2U/L),其次是杏鲍菇(541.7 U/L),硫磺菌不产漆酶.硫磺菌和其余3种真菌混合培养时,硫磺菌可以提高黑木耳的产漆酶能力,酶活性最...