杂色云芝漆酶粗酶液对对苯二酚的降解及动力学分析

用杂色云芝产的漆酶粗酶液进行了对对苯二酚的降解及降解动力学的研究。结果表明：杂色云芝漆酶粗酶液对对苯二酚有较强的降解能力；杂色云芝漆酶粗酶液对对苯二酚的降解反应符合一级动力学特征。在不同的底物浓度下，具有不同的方程参数值。     

杂色云芝对几种环境污染物降解的初步研究

采用三角瓶降解体系，进行了杂色云芝对不同浓度下的几种环境污染物的降解率和绝对降解量的研究。结果表明：杂色云芝对苯胺、硝基苯有一定的降解能力，对联苯胺降解能力很弱，对2，4—二硝基氯苯不降解，能较好的降解低浓度的混合甲酚。这与杂色云芝漆酶的催化降解特性有关，影响杂色云芝降解能力的因素主要是环境污染物的种类及其浓度变化。     

广义盘多毛孢属（Pestalotia deNot．S．1．）分类历史与最新进展

在综合大量文献的基础上，阐述了广义盘多毛孢属的分类历史，评述了以Ｇｕｂａ及Ｓｔｅｙａｅｒｔ为代表的两大分类体系。认为Ｇｕｂａ建立在广义属概念上的分类体系缺乏充分的科学依据。Ｓｔｅｙａｅｒｔ虽然对旧的分类做了具有进步意义的改动，但不尽完善之处依然存在。通过综合有性──无性二态联系，分生孢子壁与隔膜用微结构，分生孢子形态学等各方面的证据，支持将（ＰｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉａｄｅＮｏｔ．ｓ．１．）分裂为３个属的观点，即限制Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉａ为仅包括模式种的单种属，而把原归该属的其他种分归于Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓ与Ｔｒｕｎｃａｔｅｌｌａ。此外，对Ｍｏｎｏｃｈａｅｔｉａ与Ｓｅｉｒｉｄｉｕｍ的分类问题也作了讨论。     

云芝子实体多糖(CVP)化学结构的研究(Ⅰ)

由化学方法揭示CVP是由多糖、核酸和蛋白质组成的混合物。用柱层析方法从CVP得到一个纯多糖A-1-2,组成它的单糖的摩尔比为GLu:Gal:Man:Xyl=9.67:1.64:1.00:0.88,用HPLC方法测得其分子量为9.3 ×10~3。     

杂色云芝突变株酶活力变化及遗传特性研究

和出发菌株相比较,突变菌株产酶时间缩短,酶活力显著提高.聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示,突变株发酵液蛋白的种类增多,表达量提高,这表明突变株的遗传物质发生了变化.RAPD分析进一步证明,突变株和出发菌株存在遗传差异.     

防腐剂及农村杨木建筑木结构防腐的应用研究

我国北方农村的建筑用材,多以杨、柳、榆等速生树种为主,但这些木材易发生腐朽与虫蛀。本课题对适合农村建筑中杨木等木结构的防腐、防虫剂和防腐涂料的物理化学性能,对菌、虫毒效等进行了一系列的室内外试验,提出了简易的防腐防虫处理方法。在试验基础上,选用效果较好的水溶性、油溶性防腐、防虫剂和防腐油漆,并进一步在北京大兴县农村进行了扩大应用试验。经两年多观察,尚未发现虫蛀与腐朽,但未防腐的檩条已发生虫蛀。     

中国拟盘多毛孢属的新组合种(Ⅲ)

本文为中国拟盘多毛孢属新组合种（Ⅰ）、（Ⅱ）的续篇，报道１１个不同的新组合种。这１１个新组合种是：３６．寄生在柑桔和黄皮树叶部的柑桔拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｃｉｔｒｉ（Ｍｕｎｄｋ＆Ｋｈｅｓｗａｌａ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ）；３７．寄生在忍冬科荚艹迷属植物的叶部的双纤毛拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｂｉｃｉｌｉａ（Ｄｅａｒｎ＆Ｂｉｓｂｙ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｍｏｖ．）；３８．寄生在腰果树叶部的异角状的拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｈｅｔｅｒｏｃｏｒｎｉｓ（Ｇｕｂａ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．）；３９．寄生在月桂的叶部的孢子器型拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｐｙｃｎｏｉｄｅｓ（Ａｌｍ．＆Ｃａｍａｒａ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．）；４０．寄生在杜鹃花科的白珠树叶部的白珠树拟盘多毛孢（ＰｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｇａｕｔｈｅｒｉａｅＤｅａｒｎ＆Ｈｏｕｓｅ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．）；４１．寄生在雀梅藤和鼠李叶部的鼠李拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｒｈａｍａｎｉ（Ｃｅｌｏｔｉ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．）；４２．     

云南葡萄病害研究初报

 本文报道云南22种葡萄真菌性病害,国内未报道的病害有9种,其中5种有描述和附图,即葡萄小褐斑病Anaphysmene sp,叶斑病Discosia sp,黑星病Fusicladium viticis,枝枯病Massamia phomeioides,大叶斑病Pestalotiopsis sp,后3种进行单孢分离接种;另4种为省内未报道的病害,即葡萄灰霉病Botrytis cinerea,黑点病Septoria sp,黑斑病Alternaria viticola,叶枯病Monochaetia uniseta,亦进行描述并附图。     

Synthesis of D-glucosamine quaternary ammonium derivatives and evaluation of their antifungal activity together with aminodeoxyglucose derivatives against two wood fungi Coriolus versicolor and Poria placenta: structure-activity relationships

BACKGROUND: Structure–activity relationships are often reported in scientific studies. These may be employed in searching for new acceptable biocides to use against harmful microorganisms, because the biocides used hitherto encounter various problems, including lack of efficiency, high toxicity and persistence. Nowadays, scientists are trying to find new, environmentally acceptable biocides to replace these earlier biocides. Different compounds from renewable materials have been studied and have shown pronounced antifungal activity against wood fungi. These include aminopolysaccharide derivatives and different quaternary ammonium polymers. A biological study carried out with these products indicated a possible relationship between amino groups and differences in biological activity observed. RESULTS: In this study, an amino group was successively fixed to different carbon atoms of glucose, and glucosamine was also modified by both N‐alkylation and quaternisation. The impact of the amino group position on antifungal activity against two wood decay fungi was investigated. The amino group at the anomeric position showed the highest antifungal activity against both Coriolus versicolor Quel. and Poria placenta (Fr.) Cooke. Furthermore, the positive impact of both N‐alkylation and quaternisation on the growth of both strains was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: The anomeric position of the amino group and the N‐alkylation and quaternisation of amino sugars considerably increase the antifungal activity of these compounds. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry