观赏型金豆新品系‘桔豆’的选育与栽培技术要点

‘桔豆’由实生单株选育而成。该品系具有果色鲜艳、花量大、坐果率高、树姿美观等优良观赏特性,且挂果期长,挂果时间可从10月中旬至次年的3-4月,作为观赏果树有着良好的应用前景。     

果树果实细胞超微结构研究进展

从细胞超微结构综述了仁果类、核果类、浆果类果树果实的薄壁细胞、筛管伴胞（SE／CC）复合体、韧皮薄壁细胞及各种细胞器的研究进展,并对果实细胞超微结构的发展方向提出了自己的看法和建议。     

PP333对中晚熟水蜜桃品种生长结果影响的研究

对3个中晚熟品种进行不同浓度PP333处理,每品种设每株叶面喷施PP3338000mg/L、10000 mg/L、12000 mg/L和喷清水对照4个处理,单株为一小区,重复3次,随机区组设计,处理1分 2次喷,第一次在5月9日,第二次在6月9日,其余在5月9日喷1次。研究表明,PP333能极显著地抑制枝梢生长。从控制枝梢生长、产量提高、果实形状及圆整度、花芽形成等综合性状分析,4年生大团蜜露以每株喷PP33312000 mg/L、5年生湖景蜜露和6年生西浦1号以每株PP3338000 mg/L喷2次的处理效果最好。     

基于超声波的果树冠层三维重构与体积测量

为了克服地面不平整和拖拉机非线性行驶对果树冠层参数测量的影响,该文在超声波传感器阵列测量果树冠层体积技术的基础上,使用RTK-DGPS空间定位技术和姿态航向参考系统,通过空间坐标的平移和旋转转换,直接获得以大地坐标表示的果树冠层的三维点阵云图数据,通过PC机后台处理重构果树冠层三维轮廓和计算果树冠层体积,并详细介绍了系统的结构与工作原理。以果园荔枝树为试验对象,采用该系统对15棵不同高度和体积的果树进行了3次重复试验,另对56棵树的测量结果与人工测量结果进行了对比分析,试验结果表明该方法具有较好的重复性（     

庆元县红花油茶种质资源树体和果实性状变异分析

为研究庆元县红花油茶(Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu)种质资源树体性状和果实性状变异,对其9个自然分布地点进行调查分析。结果表明,红花油茶种质资源总体单株间树体性状变异大小顺序为枝下高、冠幅长、冠幅宽、树高、地径、叶长、叶宽、叶形指数,果实性状变异大小顺序为结果量、单果重、单果鲜子总量、单个鲜子重、鲜子率、单果子数、干子率,果实性状在分布区间均表现出极显著差异;由聚类分析结果得出,景区管护站和茶木淤林场、半坑村和小际头村、杨家庄村和车根村的树体性状分别归为一类,三堆村和岗背林场的果实性状归为一类;由相关分析结果得出,树体性状之间相关性大,单果重和果径呈极显著正相关,与鲜子率呈极显著负相关。综合而言,茶木淤林场、三堆村、岗背林场和小际头村这4个点的果实经济性状相对较高,可作为重点选优群体。     

CPPU对粉红亚都蜜葡萄果实品质的影响

以塑料大棚内四年生粉红亚都蜜葡萄为材料,在盛花前5d、盛花期、盛花后15d3个时期,依次用60mg／L、40mg／L及30mg／L的CPPU溶液浸泡花序或幼果穗,研究不同处理对粉红亚都蜜葡萄座果率、无核果率、果实大小及果实品质的影响。结果表明,CPPU溶液处理花序或幼果穗后,可使粉红亚都蜜葡萄达到无核及果实膨大的效果;盛花前处理显著提高了座果率（81．32％）,无核化效果也最为明显,无核果率高达92．23％;盛花期和盛花后处理显著促进了果实膨大,平均单果重分别达7．15g和8．51g,且处理后果穗显著变大、果刷变长、果皮变厚,但风味品质（固酸比）与对照相比无显著变化。     

限根栽培对番茄生长和品质的影响

以番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)粉果E756为试验材料,采用不同栽培体积及基质,研究限根栽培对粉果E756生长和品质的影响。结果表明,随着限根体积的减小,粉果E756株高、茎粗及叶面积差异明显,处理组的株高、茎粗明显低于对照组,同时,粉果E756植株的光合能力下降,产量降低,但番茄果实的品质有所改善,与对照相比,栽培体积为0.3 m×0.3 m×36 m的种植方式,总糖含量高1.27个百分点,VC含量高4.72 mg/kg,可溶性固形物含量高0.63个百分点。     

矮化中间砧对红富士苹果果实品质的影响

为选择应用苹果矮化中间砧提供科学依据,以‘红富士’苹果为试材,研究了不同矮化中间砧对果实品质的影响。结果表明,以SH5和SH38为中间砧的红富士苹果,果实内在品质包括果实的含糖量、可溶性固形物含量、果实糖酸比值以及维生素C含量等方面,均显著优于以M26为中间砧的;从果实着色级数、色调级数、果面光洁度级数来看,以SH5为中间砧的红富士苹果,果实极显著优于其他中间砧的,以B9和M26为中间砧的红富士苹果果实相对较差,而中间砧SH38的果实也优于以B9和M26为中间砧的;从果实大小来看,以SH5为中间砧的果实最小,而以B9为中间砧的果实最大。     

Agroforestry techniques for the rehabilitation of degraded salt-affected lands in India

The development of appropriate technologies for the judicious use of India's 8.11 million ha of salt-affected lands would give increased food, fodder and fuelwood production. A sizeable portion of the salt-affected lands of the Indo-Gangetic plain have been reclaimed through chemical amendments and are being commercially used for arable farming. However, large areas of salt-affected common lands, village and government lands and waste lands near cities, along railway tracks and roads do not have any productive use. Owing to their sparse vegetative cover such lands are vulnerable to further degradation and can be a source of runoff causing floods, especially where cows congregate. Research at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal has generated agroforestry techniques which could enable the economic exploitation of such marginal lands. This paper deals with various aspects of these techniques, which have been applied to over 50 000 ha by 1994. Based on eight to ten years of growth and biomass figures, the most salt-tolerant woody species identified were: Prosopis juliflora, Acacia nilotica, Casuarina equisetifolia, Tamarix articulata, Leptochloa fusca (a palatable forage grass which was found to be a promising primary colonizer of salt lands). Agronomic practices for the successful establishment of trees such as planting methods, amendment use, irrigation, spacing and lopping schedules are discussed. A Prosopis juliflora-leptochloa fusca silvipastoral model was found to be excellent for fuelwood and forage production and for the amelioration of high pH soils. This system, when followed for little more than four years, reclaims alkali soils to such an extent that normal agriculture crops such as Trifolium alexandrinum and T. resupinatum can be grown successfully. A ridge-trench system of tree planting was found to be helpful in alkali soils, the in situ rainwater conservation it led to assisting biomass production. Eucalyptus tereticornis, Populus deltoides and Tectona grandis based agroforestry were promising for reclaimed salt-affected lands. The short- and long-term effects of various tree plantations on the physicochemical properties of the soil and on soil-water relations are also discussed. Agroforestry options for the development of salt-affected lands found in various agroclimatic zones of India are explored.     

北方柿优良品种及优质栽培关键技术

北方是我国柿主要产区,包括河北、河南、陕西、山西、山东等省,栽培面积和产量占全国生产总量的80%～90%。北方柿资源丰富,品种众多,其中尤以磨盘柿、牛心柿、八月黄、水柿等为代表品种。从优良品种、合理修剪、保花保果等方面阐述了优质栽培关键技术。