牡荆油自乳化释药系统的制备

通过溶解度试验、处方试剂筛选和相图绘制,以形成乳剂的乳化程度和乳滴粒径大小为指标,对牡荆油处方中的表面活性剂、助表面活性剂进行筛选,寻找牡荆油自乳化制剂的最佳处方配比。试验结果表明,以牡荆油为油相,Tween-80或EL-40为乳化剂,以无水乙醇为助乳化剂均能形成较好的自乳化体系,最佳处方为牡荆油Tween-80乙醇=432。     

茭白配方专用肥肥效比较试验

通过与常规施肥比较,研究茭白配方专用肥对茭白生物学性状、产量和品质的影响。试验结果表明:茭白商品性有明显改善,粗脂肪、维生素C、总糖、氨基酸等品质指标增幅达到极显著水平,并可实现增产增效21.96%,节约肥料成本6.53%,利润提高25.98%。在配方专用肥的基础上增施氮肥,不能提高茭白产量,且肥料成本增加,种植效益明显下降。     

非瞬时或突变的马尔可夫链的一种应用方法

介绍对于一种非瞬时或突变的状态转移过程.采用Bayes方法修订马尔可夫过程的状态转移概率矩阵;将先验概率分布修订为后验概率分布;对整个过程的信息加以吸收,得出能够反映整个过程的状态转移概率矩阵,从而达到预测目的.由此还得出一个重要结论:吸收信息的无序性.     

Equine chronic diarrhea: Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine review

Chronic diarrhea is a common problem in equine practice. Herbal medicine has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease in horses for at least one thousand years. In present-day equine practice in China, the most common approach to treat chronic diarrhea is herbal medicine, or a combination of herbal medicine and acupuncture. Three types of chronic diarrhea in horses will be described in detail in term of symptoms, diagnosis and herbal treatments in this paper. Nineteen herbal formulas for treatment of different types of diarrhea will be introduced. Clinical results of each herbal formula will be evaluated. Acupuncture treatment of this problem will also be included.     

黄瓜茉莉花茶保健饮料的研制

以黄瓜、茉莉花茶为主要原料,配以适量的白砂糖和柠檬酸,研制黄瓜茉莉花茶保健饮料。结果表明,黄瓜茉莉花茶保健饮料的最佳配方为:黄瓜汁20%,茉莉花茶汁40%,白砂糖10%,柠檬酸0.15%;稳定剂选用0.2%的海藻酸钠、耐酸性CMC-Na、黄原胶的混合液(1∶1∶1)对饮料的稳定效果最好。按此配方制作的饮料呈淡绿色,口感清爽,营养丰富,具有黄瓜和茉莉花茶混合的特殊滋味与香气。     

红薯酸奶的工艺研究

研究红薯深加工产品红薯酸奶的加工工艺、配方,对红薯酸奶加工工艺关键技术要点进行探讨,提出了较佳的工艺参数.     

荞麦苡仁绿豆营养保健粥的研制

选择荞麦、苡仁、绿豆为主要原材料,分别研究其加工工艺。采用正交试验和感官评定确定了产品的合理配方:荞麦5g,苡仁4g,绿豆11g,糖32g,及添加剂的最佳配比为黄原胶∶CMC∶β-环状糊精=3∶2∶5。并对影响风味、口感的因素进行了研究,据此研制出一种营养丰富、食用方便的健康食品。     

配合饲料加工业发展的区域性分析及多目标分级布局模型

本文运用系统分析方法对地市级等宏观区域内配合饲料加工业的区域性和合理布局问题进行了研究,提出了分区布局、区间相互协调思想和多目标评价指标体系,建立了多目标分级布局模型,并以宝鸡市为例进行了计算分析。     

Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian

Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from in situ intestinal circulation model showed that A/%(h^− 1) of forsythoside A in FF + LSF, FF + SR and SHL were all reduced greatly compared with that in FF. However, in pharmacokinetics study, C_max and AUC_0 → 1440 of forsythoside A all increased and T_1/2 prolonged in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR compared with FF. The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver.     

Comparison of modeling approaches to quantify residue architecture effects on soil temperature and water

RZ-SHAW is a hybrid model, comprised of modules from the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model integrated into the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) that allows more detailed simulation of different residue types and architectures that affect heat and water transfer at the soil surface. RZ-SHAW allows different methods of surface energy flux evaluation to be used: (1) the SHAW module, where evapotranspiration (ET) and soil heat flux are computed in concert with a detailed surface energy balance; (2) the Shuttleworth–Wallace (S–W) module for ET in which soil surface temperature is assumed equal air temperature; and (3) the PENFLUX module, which uses a Penman transformation for a soil slab under incomplete residue cover. The objective of this study was to compare the predictive accuracy of the three RZ-SHAW modules to simulate effects of residue architecture on net radiation, soil temperature, and water dynamics near the soil surface. The model was tested in Akron, Colorado in a wheat residue-covered (both standing and flat) no-till (NT) plot, and a reduced till (RT) plot where wheat residue was incorporated into the soil. Temperature difference between the soil surface and ambient air frequently exceeded 17 °C under RT and NT conditions, invalidating the isothermal assumption employed in the S–W module. The S–W module overestimated net radiation (R_n) by an average of 69 Wm⁻² and underestimated the 3-cm soil temperature (T_s3) by 2.7 °C for the RT plot, attributed to consequences of the isothermal assumption. Both SHAW and PENFLUX modules overestimated midday T_s3 for RT conditions but underestimated T_s3 for NT conditions. Better performances of the SHAW and PENFLUX surface energy evaluations are to be expected as both approaches are more detailed and consider a more discretized domain than the S–W module. PENFLUX simulated net radiation slightly better than the SHAW module for both plots, while T_s3 was simulated the best by SHAW, with a mean bias error of +0.1 °C for NT and +2.7 °C for RT. Simulation results for soil water content in the surface 30 cm (θ_v30) were mixed. The NT conditions were simulated best by SHAW, with mean bias error for θ_v30 within 0.006 m³ m⁻³; RT conditions were simulated best by the PENFLUX module, which was within 0.010 m³ m⁻³.