灰绿青霉固态发酵秸秆产纤维素酶的研究

以麦秆和麸皮为主要原料,通过正交试验和单因素试验对灰绿青霉固态发酵秸秆产纤维素酶的最适培养基配方和最佳产酶条件进行了优化,比较了发酵前后小麦秸秆的纤维素含量.结果表明,最佳培养基:氮源为(NH4)3PO4,pH4.5,含水量为200%,麦秆∶麸皮为3∶2;最佳产酶条件:培养时间为72 h、温度为40℃、初始pH5.0、含氮量为0.6%、接种量为20%、半密闭培养.经最佳条件发酵处理,发酵前后小麦秸秆的纤维素有不同程度的变化,其中NDF、ADF、纤维素含量和半纤维素含量分别下降4.29%3、.89%4、.66%和5.82%,木质素含量无明显变化.     

Characterisation of the fungal population in citrus packing houses

The aim of this work was the characterisation of the environmental and superficial mycoflora of equipment and facilities of two citrus packing houses in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, in 2004 and 2005. One of the packing houses packed fruit for the export market (municipality of Matao), the other for the domestic market (municipality of Engenheiro Coelho). The study also identified the presence of isolates of Penicillium spp. resistant to thiabendazole and imazalil fungicides in packing houses. The environmental mycoflora was sampled according to the gravimetric method, using Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar medium opened for 2 min. The superficial mycoflora on equipment and facilities was sampled with Rodac plates. The mycoflora in the environment and on surfaces of the packing houses in Matao were 12.3 and 52.3 cfu/plate, respectively, while these populations for the Engenheiro Coelho packing house were 46.3 and 68.2 cfu/plate, respectively. Cladosporium and Penicillium were the most prevalent genera of fungi. The contamination levels of clean zones in the packing houses (washing of fruits, packing table, boxes and containers) was not substantially lower than the contamination in dirty zones (reception of fruits and first selection). The percentage of P. digitatum isolates in Matao that was resistant to thiabendazole and imazalil was 25.9 and 1.5 in the environment and 30.1 and 16.0 on packing house surfaces, respectively. In Engenheiro Coelho, percentage of resistance to these fungicides was 51.9 and 0.1 in the environment and 39.2 and 0.9 on packing house surfaces, respectively.     

臭氧对柑橘果实青霉菌的抑菌效果

以柑橘品种"清见"果实分离出的青霉菌Penicillium italium为对象,以抑菌率为指标,研究不同浓度、不同时间臭氧处理的平板抑菌效果。结果表明:臭氧处理对"清见"果实青霉菌具有一定的抑制作用,最大的抑菌率达到30.18%。相同臭氧浓度下,3种处理时间对青霉菌的抑制情况总的表现为:30 min>20 min>10 min;而相同处理时间下,3种臭氧浓度处理对青霉菌的抑制情况表现为:200 mg/m3>150 mg/m3>100 mg/m3。     

山西省太谷县农田土壤真菌种类研究(Ⅰ)

为了明确山西省太谷县农田土壤真菌种类的组成,以及与相关作物之间的相互关系,研究采用稀释平板法,选用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)等进行分离、纯化,将各菌株鉴定到种。共选用山西太谷小麦田、玉米田与大棚黄瓜田中14个土壤样品、鉴定出曲霉菌7种,青霉菌4种。表明焦曲霉Aspergillus ustus、烟曲霉Asper-gillus fumigatus.土曲霉Aspergillus terreus、橘青霉Penicillium citrinum、扩展青霉Penicillium expansum是太谷农田曲霉和青霉中出现频率较高的种类。     

山西历山自然保护区土壤青霉菌(Penicillium)种类研究

为了初步了解历山自然保护区土壤青霉菌种类及分布,分离获得有益真菌种类资源。采用稀释平板法、土壤平板法,选用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)、孟加拉红琼脂培养基进行分离。通过纯化培养和形态鉴定,将各个菌株鉴定到种。研究获得374株青霉菌株,共鉴定出12种青霉菌。发现产黄青霉Penicillium chrysogenum、顶青霉Penicillium corylophilum、橘青霉Penicillium citrinum和变幻青霉Penicillium variabile是历山自然保护区土壤青霉菌的优势种群。     

New Antiproliferative Compounds against Glioma Cells from the Marine-Sourced Fungus Penicillium sp. ZZ1750

Seven novel compounds, namely peniresorcinosides A–E (1–5), penidifarnesylin A (6), and penipyridinone A (7), together with the 11 known ones 8–17, were isolated from a culture of the marine-associated fungus Penicillium sp. ZZ1750 in rice medium. The structures of the new compounds were established based on their high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) data, extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses, chemical degradation, Mosher’s method, ¹³C-NMR calculations, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Peniresorcinosides A (1) and B (2) are rare glycosylated alkylresorcinols and exhibited potent antiglioma activity, with IC₅₀ values of 4.0 and 5.6 µM for U87MG cells and 14.1 and 9.8 µM for U251 cells, respectively.     

纤维素降解菌简青霉H-11的筛选及酶学特性的研究

在环境破坏较少的野生森林土样中,通过刚果红平板、滤纸条液体培养等初筛,并在摇瓶发酵复筛的基础上得到一株高效纤维素降解菌,通过最适酶活、最适温度及其稳定性的测定。试验结果表明:CMCase的最适pH为2.8,最适温度是50℃,在30~50℃温度范围内温度稳定性较强。FPase的最适pH为4.8,最适温度是60℃,30~40℃温度范围内稳定性较强。     

Penicillium janthinellum菌株GXCR对Cu,Al和Zn的抗性特征及其Cu的生物矿化作用

对分离到的一株高抗Cu(200 mm ol/L CuSO4.5H2O)的P en icillium janth inellum菌株GXCR(中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心保藏号:CGM CC 1027)进行紫外诱变,获得了3株Cu抗性下降突变体,进一步测定结果表明,3个突变体对A l[A l2(SO4)3]和Zn(ZnSO4.7H2O)的抗性也显著下降;只有在含Cu的PDA上生长的菌体表面能够形成CuSO4.5H2O样的蓝色晶体。进一步的X-ray衍射的原子微量分析表明,这种蓝色晶体含Cu2 ,说明该菌具有Cu的生物矿化作用。菌体表面积累的Cu2 的量与菌株的抗Cu水平有正相关性,说明该菌对Cu的抗性很可能与Cu矿化作用有关。     

Induction of Chitinase and β-1,3-Endoglucanase Proteins by UV Irradiation and Wounding in Grapefruit Peel Tissue

UV irradiation enhanced the resistance of grapefruit against the development of green mold décay caused byPenicillium digitatum, the main postharvest pathogen of citrus fruit, and significantly inhibited the fungus’ growth at the fruit wound sites. Immunoblotting analysis using specific citrus chitinase and β-1,3-endoglucanase antibodies, showed that UV irradiation, wounding of the fruit, or a combination of these two treatments, induced the accumulation of a 25 kD chitinase protein in the fruit’s peel tissue. On the other hand, UV irradiation or wounding of the fruit alone was unable to induce the accumulation of 39 and 43 kD β-1,3-endoglucanase proteins, but the combination of the two treatments increased these protein levels. It is suggested that both chitinase and β-1,3-endoglucanase may play a role in the UV-induced resistance of grapefruit againstP. digitatum. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No. 403/99. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting June 3, 1999.     

紫外线诱变青霉P-M1选育柚苷酶高产菌株研究

采用紫外线对野生型柚苷酶产生菌青霉P-M1进行诱变处理以提高柚苷酶的产量,经过初步筛选最佳诱变条件为:孢子悬液(107个/mL)稀释度为10-5,15 W紫外灯,垂直照射距离为30 cm,处理时间为5 min.通过透明圈初筛和摇瓶复筛选育出一株柚苷酶高产菌株青霉PU-15,酶活达到334.3 U/mL,比出发菌株提高了137.4%,将其连续传代10次测定遗传稳定性,结果显示稳定性良好,是一株比较理想的柚苷酶高产菌株.