金秋梨叶、梢和果实的生长动态及相关性

金秋梨自展叶到叶面积几乎停止扩大所需时间需24d,前12d叶片生长速度快,叶面积迅速增大;12d以后,叶片扩展缓慢,叶面积增加速率慢;24d后,叶片几乎停止生长。新梢的加长生长和加粗生长均可分为3个时期,持续时间与新梢种类有关。金秋梨果实的生长速率有3个高峰,分别在花后40d、82d和131d。     

天桂梨无公害栽培技术

为积极打造天桂梨(Tiangui Pear)品牌,全面丰富品牌内涵,提高天桂梨的市场占有份额,实施无公害栽培技术是一项有效的措施。广丰县林科所几年来对天桂梨的无公害栽培技术进行了对比试验。现经整理、总结出以下几点栽培技术要点,供同行参考。1梨园规划天桂梨适宜性较强,平地、山地均宜栽植。但宜选择生态环境条件好,土、水无污染,坡度平缓,东、南、西坡向,光照充足,土层厚1m以上,土壤肥沃、疏松、交通方便的山地、平地。园址选择好后,要根据地形、规模,认真做好小区划分、车道、排灌水沟、蓄水池和农资库房等配套设施规划。一般山地梨园小区1…     

梨果实发育中Ca2+在果肉细胞的定位及变化研究*

 用焦锑酸钾沉淀的细胞化学方法, 研究了􀀂 幸水 梨果实发育中果肉细胞的焦锑酸Ca²⁺ 定位变化及其与细胞超微结构的关系。结果表明: ( 1) 在未受精之前, 果肉细胞内未检测到Ca²⁺ 沉淀颗粒, 细胞核内的染色质少且染色淡, 细胞质的细胞器数量也少; ( 2) 受精后果肉细胞呈现大量的Ca²⁺沉淀颗粒, 主要分布在细胞核、细胞质、质体以及叶绿体外膜上, 含Ca²⁺沉淀颗粒的质体非常膨大, 导管和初期发育的石细胞内也密集分布Ca2+ 沉淀颗粒; ( 3) 受精1 周后果肉细胞的Ca²⁺移向细胞之间的连接处; ( 4) 生理落果的细胞和导管中Ca²⁺没有或极少, 但有的细胞内沿液泡膜有Ca²⁺分布; ( 5) 受精3~ 4 周后, 果肉细胞中很难检测到Ca²⁺沉淀颗粒, 此状态一直持续到果实采收, 但果实腐烂前Ca²⁺沉淀颗粒沿果肉细胞 壁两侧出现。就Ca2+ 在果实发育中的作用及与细胞超微结构的关系等进行了讨论。     

气象因子与梨叶片水分亏缺的相关分析

对气象因子与梨叶片水分亏缺的研究结果表明，相对湿度对梨树各类枝叶片水分亏缺均呈显著或极显著的负相关关系。通径分析证实了湿度、温度的影响，肯定了气压对短枝叶片水分亏缺的影响。多元线性逐步回归分析与通径分析的结果完全一致，梨叶片水分亏缺的日变动态和季变动态的分析结果表明，在梨的生长季节前后期注意灌水对于减少水分亏缺，提高光合强度，增加产量具有现实意义。     

Precise, simple screening for resistance in potato varieties to common scab using paper pots

Resistance to common scab pathogen Streptomyces turgidiscabies of seven potato varieties was compared in the field with a newly developed paper pot method. Seedlings raised in soil in paper pots containing inocula at 1 × 10³ to 10⁷cfu/g soil were transplanted into a scab-free field and grown for 3 months. The disease severity of the seven varieties in the field trials differed in iteration and from year to year, even though their resistance levels were approximately similar at the expected levels. With the paper pot method, the seven varieties had different resistance levels, which were almost completely consistent with the results of the field trials, at more than 1 × 10⁵cfu/g soil. Significant differences in disease severity between resistant and susceptible varieties were observed (P = 0.05) for 2 years, and the resistance level of the varieties was elucidated.     

Induced resistance to<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cladosporium cucumerinum</Emphasis> in cucumber by pectinases extracted from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Penicillium oxalicum</Emphasis>

Pectinases extract (PE) from the fermentation product ofPenicillium oxalicum BZH-2002 was tested for its ability to induce protection against scab caused byCladosporium cucumerinum on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. Seedlings with one true leaf were sprayed with various concentrations of PE (10–200 units ml⁻¹) 3 days before inoculation withC. cucumerinum. Results showed that the induced local protection against the pathogen was dose-dependent when the concentrations of PE were between 20 and 120 units ml⁻¹; systemically induced resistance against the pathogen was not observed. Boiled PE had a slight effect on disease reduction. Commercial pectinases prepared fromAspergillus niger showed lower protection against scab compared with PE when they were used at the same concentration of enzyme activity. No inhibitory activity was observed on conidial germination or germ-tube growth ofC. cucumerinum. PE was further evaluated for its enhancement of defense-related enzymes. Peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) increased in cucumber seedlings after treatment with PE. PO and PPO remained at a higher level in PE-pretreated seedlings throughout the experiment period whether pathogen-inoculated or non-inoculated, whereas PAL activity began to decrease 2 days after PE treatment. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2004.     

论花生疮痂病

花生疮痂病主要为害植株叶片、叶柄、托叶、茎部和子房柄,整个生育期均可发病,造成植株矮缩、病叶变形,严重影响花生的产量与质量。     

胶东地区梨园土壤状况调查分析

对山东省胶东地区梨园的土壤肥力状况进行了调查分析,结果表明:胶东地区土壤pH值在4.17～6.24之间,酸化比较严重;有机质含量普遍在10.0 g/kg以上;碱解氮含量除栖霞106.2 mg/kg较适宜外,其他地区含量缺乏;土壤有效磷含量在29.4～86.2 mg/kg之间,含量极丰富;土壤速效钾含量除海阳93.1 mg/kg较低外,其他地区含量相对较丰富;蓬莱、龙口、莱阳果园土壤交换性钙都在1 000 mg/kg以上,但牟平、威海果园土壤交换性钙较低;交换性镁含量除牟平比较适宜外,威海市较低,蓬莱、龙口、莱阳则相对较高;胶东地区有效铜含量较高,有效铁、有效锰、有效锌含量普遍比较适宜。     

不同梨品种光合作用差异性的研究

用TPS-2便携式光合作用测定系统测定了5个梨品种的光合速率等光合作用参数。结果表明:不同类型梨品种的净光合速率差异不显著,以白梨品种莱阳茌梨的净光合速率最高。不同类型梨品种净光合速率的日变化曲线主要有单峰型和不对称双峰型。蒸腾速率的日变化曲线均呈单峰型。细胞间隙CO2浓度的日变化曲线出现单谷型和双谷型两种类型。气孔导度的日变化曲线则有多种类型。不同类型梨品种的光补偿点、光饱和点、CO2补偿点和CO2饱和点均存在差异。