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881.
灌喂必需氨基酸模式溶液对草鱼全鱼_省略_肌肉_肝胰脏蛋白质合成代谢的影响 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
采用大剂量食道灌喂DL-[4-^3H]-Phe,研究不同EAA模式下,20-30g体重草鱼种的全鱼和肌肉,肝胰脏的蛋白质合成代谢,结果表明:(1)分别缺乏Lys,Met,Trp Arg的4种极端不平衡EAA模式,同草鱼肌肉EAA模式即相对平衡的基础模式相比,肌肉,肝胰脏及全鱼的蛋白质合成速率(FSR)均显著降低,其降低程度高低依次为Met,Lys,Arg,Trp;(2)肝胰脏,肌肉人的蛋白质合成代谢与整体蛋白质合成代谢对EAA模式的改变产生相同的变化趋势,并且三者蛋白质合成代谢速率为肝胰脏>全鱼>肌肉;(3)EAA模式的Lys,Met,Trp,Arg4因素中,对肌肉,肝胰脏蛋白质合成速率影响最大的是Met,其余依次为Lys,Arg,Trp。 相似文献
882.
Based on biochemical assays and electrophoretical methods, the inhibitory effects of three plant meals (soybean meal, wheat meal, winged bean meal) on digestive alkaline proteases of discus were investigated. Casein assays revealed that increasing levels of soybean meal caused a linear inhibitory effect on activity of protease. SDS-PAGE images revealed that trypsin and chymotrypsin were the inhibited enzymes. Soybean showed the lowest inhibition rate followed by wheat meal and raw winged bean. There was a quadratic relationship between wheat meal levels and its inhibition of protease acitivity. The highest inhibitory effect was obtained with the winged bean meal with inhibition of caseinolytic activities ranging from 3.6–98.6%. Results from this study showed the potential of both soybean meal and wheat meal as ingredients for practical diet for discus, while demonstrating the need for further improvement in processing method for winged bean meal. 相似文献
883.
L R Martinez-Cordova A Campaña-Torres & M A Porchas-Cornejo 《Aquaculture Research》2002,33(12):995-998
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of varying dietary protein level on pond water quality and production parameters of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone). Experimental units consisted of nine 400‐m2 earthen ponds with a low water exchange. Two treatments were tested: treatment HP consisted of shrimp fed a high‐protein diet (40%) during the whole grow‐out, and treatment LP consisted of the use of a low‐protein diet for the complete farming period. No differences on any of the water quality parameters were observed among treatments. Excellent survival (over 85%) and feed conversion ratios (around 1.6), and acceptable growth (over 12 g) and biomass (from 1721 to 1793 kg ha?1) were recorded in all experimental ponds. No significant differences in any of the production parameters were found among treatment groups. 相似文献
884.
Strategies for further development of aquatic feeds 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
ABSTRACT: To date, aquatic feeds have depended heavily on fishmeal and fish oil as their source of protein and lipid. However, the feed industry is encountering shortfalls in the availability of these ingredients because of a decline in the number of fish captured in the wild and the increased human demand for some of the species currently being used for fishmeal and oil production. Therefore, efforts are now being directed in different parts of the world to finding alternative quality ingredients, which ideally are less expensive and readily available for use in practical diets. The data accrued have shown that a large proportion of both fishmeal and fish oil can be replaced by other protein and lipid sources. However, it is emphasized that an optimal essential amino acid balance be maintained and that the n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid requirement be satisfied when combining economical protein and lipid ingredients. Newly developed feeds should aim at being nutrient-dense in order to reduce the output of solid, P and N waste. This can be done through improving nutrient availability, optimizing the digestible protein to energy balance of the diet, and replacing dietary fishmeal with alternate ingredients. These diets should also be effective for maintaining good health and improving disease resistance in fish through enhancement of immune responses. A wholesome approach to culturing fish would be to use appropriate feeding standards that are aimed not only at improving economic returns but also at developing a lasting cohabitation of sustainable aquaculture and a cleaner environment. Furthermore, in the 2lst century aquaculture would still retain its place as a prominent source of food protein, signifying that fish feed research remains a forceful area in discovering better feeds for the industry. 相似文献
885.
A.-C. HANSEN Ø. KARLSEN G. ROSENLUND M. RIMBACH & G.-I. HEMRE 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2007,13(3):200-215
The present trials aimed to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal with plant proteins in diets for cod, using a regression design where fish meal constituted the control. The plant protein diets were formulated to meet the amino acid requirements according to NRC (1993) and contained corn gluten meal, soybean meal, a mixture of these, or a mixture of wheat gluten meal and soybean concentrate. The plant protein fraction constituted up to 440 g kg−1 of the extruded diet. Two feeding experiments were conducted, one at high (11 °C) and one at low (6.5 °C) temperature. High growth and feed utilization were obtained in all diet groups at both temperatures. However, only in Exp.1 (11 °C), growth and feed utilization were linearly reduced by increases in dietary soybean and corn gluten meal, while no such effect was detected in Exp.2 (6.5 °C). Reductions in protein retention were seen at both temperatures with use of all evaluated plant protein sources. Due to large amounts of plant protein ingredients in diet, differences in diet amino acid composition were seen. These were partly reflected in the muscle free amino acid pool. Dietary plant ingredients did not affect whole body, liver or muscle proximate compositions, or liver indices. In both experiments, blood parameters were within the range of earlier reported normal values and indicated, together with low mortality, good fish health status. The results show that there is high potential to use protein‐rich plant ingredients in diets for Atlantic cod. 相似文献
886.
分别用SDS、Sarkosyl及PMSF法分离制备鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)、溶藻胶弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)主要外膜蛋白(MOMP),通过SDS-PAGE分析比较2种弧菌主要外膜蛋白的组成结构。结果表明,SDS、Sarkosyl和PMSF法分离提取的鳗弧菌和溶藻胶弧菌外膜蛋白中,SDS-PAGE电泳图谱不同,鳗弧菌外膜蛋白分子量为27-138kD;溶藻胶弧菌外膜蛋白分子量为27-104kD,其中,45kD、30kD和27kD外膜蛋白为鳗弧菌和溶藻胶弧菌所共有。经比较,Sarkosyl法对2种弧菌外膜蛋白的提取效果较好。对3种方法提取的2种弧菌的主要外膜蛋白进行SDS PAGE后,分别与吸附后的兔抗鳗弧菌、抗溶藻胶弧菌血清的Western-blotting印迹显示,兔抗鳗弧菌血清与其菌株的外膜蛋白主要有3条免疫反应带,其分子量分别为97kD、51kD和30kD,说明其可能与鳗弧菌抗原的特异性有关;兔抗溶藻胶弧菌血清与其菌株的外膜蛋白主要有2条免疫反应带,其分子量分别为51kD和27kD,说明可能与溶藻胶弧菌抗原的特异性有关,而51kD外膜蛋白可能是2种弧菌共有的特异性抗原。 相似文献
887.
Ritva Kaikkonen Kati Niinist? Benjamin Sykes Marjukka Anttila Satu Sankari Marja Raekallio 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2014,56(1):35
Background
Recurrent colic and unexplained weight loss despite good appetite and adequate feeding and management practices are common conditions in the horse. However, little information has been published on the systematic diagnostic evaluation, response to treatment, prognostic factors or outcome of either presentation. The aims of this study were to 1) identify possible prognostic indicators and 2) report the short- and long-term response to treatment with corticosteroid therapy of a variety of horses with a presumptive diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Thirty-six horses with a history of recurrent colic and/or unexplained weight loss were screened with a detailed clinical, clinicopathological and diagnostic imaging examination. Twenty horses were subsequently selected that had findings consistent with inflammatory bowel disease based on the fulfilment of one or more of the following additional inclusion criteria: hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, malabsorption, an increased intestinal wall thickness on ultrasonographic examination or histopathological changes in rectal biopsy. These 20 horses were treated with a standardized larvicidal anthelmintic regime and a minimum of three weeks of corticosteroid therapy.Results
The initial response to treatment was good in 75% (15/20) of horses, with a 3-year survival rate of 65% (13/20). The overall 3-year survival in horses that responded to initial treatment (12/15) was significantly higher (P = 0.031) than in those that did not respond to initial treatment (1/5). The peak xylose concentration was significantly (P = 0.048) higher in survivors (1.36 ± 0.44 mmol/L) than non-survivors (0.94 ± 0.36 mmol/L).Conclusions
The overall prognosis for long-term survival in horses with a presumptive diagnosis of IBD appears to be fair to moderate, and the initial response to anthelmintic and corticosteroid therapy could be a useful prognostic indicator. The findings of the present study suggest that a low peak xylose concentration in absorption testing is associated with a less favourable prognosis, supporting the use of this test. 相似文献888.
Yimei Cao Zengjun Lu Dong Li Pengju Fan Pu Sun Huifang Bao Yuanfang Fu Pinghua Li Xingwen Bai Yingli Chen Baoxia Xie Zaixin Liu 《Veterinary microbiology》2014,168(2-4):294-301
Epitope-based vaccines are always questioned for their cross-protection against the antigenically variable foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). In this study, we proved the cross-protection effect of a multi-epitope vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C) against three topotypes of O type FMDV. A total of 45 naïve pigs were vaccinated with different doses of multi-epitope protein vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C). At 28 days post-vaccination, 45 vaccinated and 6 unvaccinated control pigs (two pigs for each group) were challenged with three topotypes of virulent O type FMDV, namely, O/Mya/98 (Southeast Asia topotype), O/HN/CHA/93 (Cathay topotype) and O/Tibet/CHA/99 (PanAsia topotype) strains. All unvaccinated pigs developed generalised FMD clinical signs. Results showed that all pigs (n = 15) conferred complete protection against the O/Mya/98 and O/HN/CHA/93 FMDV strains, 11 of which were protected against the O/Tibet/CHA/99 FMDV strain. The 50% protective dose values of the vaccine against the O/Mya/98, O/HN/CHA/93 and O/Tibet/CHA/99 FMDV strains were 15.59, 15.59 and 7.05, respectively. Contact challenge experiment showed that transmission occurred from the donors to the unvaccinated but not to vaccinated pigs. These results showed that vaccination with multi-epitope protein vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C) can efficiently prevent FMD in pigs. 相似文献
889.
Jing Tu Fengying Lu Shuang Miao Xintao Ni Pan Jiang Hui Yu Linlin Xing Shengqing Yu Chan Ding Qinghai Hu 《Veterinary microbiology》2014,168(2-4):395-402
Riemerella anatipestifer causes epizootic infectious disease in poultry and serious economic losses especially to the duck industry. However, little is known regarding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. The ability to acquire iron under low-iron conditions is related to the virulence of a variety of bacterial pathogens. In this study, a sip (Riean_1281) deletion mutant CH3Δsip was constructed and characterized for iron-limited growth, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity to ducklings. Results showed that siderophore-interacting protein (SIP) was involved in iron utilization and the sip deletion significantly reduced biofilm formation and adherence to and invasion of Vero cells. In addition, the sip gene was absent in 1 of 24 (4.17%) virulent strains and 2 of 3 (66.7%) avirulent strains of R. anatipestifer, and the sip gene from six R. anatipestifer strains, which belong to serotypes 1, 2, and 10, respectively, shared 100% amino acid identities to those of R. anatipestifer strains DSM15868 and RA-GD. These results suggested that siderophore-mediated iron acquisition may be an important iron-uptake pathway in R. anatipestifer. Animal experiments indicated that the median lethal dose of the CH3Δsip mutant in ducklings was about 35-fold higher than that of the wild-type CH3 strain. Thus, our results demonstrated that R. anatipestifer SIP was involved in iron acquisition and necessary for its optimal virulence. 相似文献
890.
J.D. Foster S. Sample R. Kohler K. Watson P. Muir L.A. Trepanier 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(3):905-911