苏云金杆菌芽孢与晶体不同配比对亚洲玉米螟的毒效

苏云金杆菌3个变种的芽孢与晶体按重量百分比混合,以亚洲玉米螟1龄和2龄幼虫测定毒力。对1龄幼虫主要致病因素是晶体。对2龄幼虫,“HD—1”以晶体为主;SB—14菌株当芽孢与晶体1:1时,杀虫效果最好;E743—4菌株以芽孢为主。     

An oral bioassay for the toxicity of hydramethylnon to individual workers and queens of Argentine ants,Linepithema humile

We have developed an oral bioassay to determine the toxicity of hydramethylnon to individual workers and queens of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile. We fed seven concentrations of hydramethylnon in suspension to individual workers or queens, determined the amount of hydramethylnon ingested and evaluated the individual ants for mortality 14 days later. At concentrations ≥0.37 g liter^?1, the amount of liquid the queens ingested decreased dramatically, indicating that Argentine ant queens may detect hydramethylnon. Significantly larger volumes of the two highest concentrations of the hydramethylnon suspension were ingested by the workers, compared to the lower concentrations, suggesting that hydramethylnon may act as a feeding stimulant for the workers. Worker mortality was higher than queen mortality at the highest concentrations tested. The highest worker mortality resulted when the ants ingested 1.03 µg of hydramethylnon per mg of ant tissue. At the highest concentration (1.0 g liter^?1) tested, workers ingested almost 12 times as much active ingredient per mg of body weight as did queens, suggesting that, in order to increase mortality of queens, multiple feedings must occur. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes for biocontrol of the european corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, on sweet corn in Israel

The potential of entomopathogenic nematodes for biological control of the European corn borer (ECB),Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), was evaluated under laboratory, screenhouse and field conditions. The ‘All’ and ‘Mexican’ strains ofSteinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) and the ‘HP88’ strain ofHeterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar were compared in both dose response assays (5, 50 and 500 infective juveniles [IJ] per petri dish containing five 5th-instar ECB eggs; 72 h of incubation) and exposure time assays (3, 6 and 9 h of incubation). In the dose response assays the highest rates of ECB killing resulted from infestation with the Mexican strain ofS. carpocapsae. In the exposure time assays there were no significant differences between the killing rates of the three nematode strains. Sweet corn plants(Zea mays var.saccharata) grown in a screenhouse, were infested with ECB neonates and 4 days later sprayed with a suspension of the Mexican strain ofS. carpocapsae (50,000 IJ per plant). The number of ECB larvae found on treated corn plants after one week was significantly (P=0.05) lower (3- to 5-fold) than the number found on untreated plants. Similar treatment in the field significantly reduced the rate of economic ear damage from 20% to 5%. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 2260-E, 1997 series     

亚洲玉米螟在人工饲料上连续饲养多代对玉米危害能力比较

亚洲玉米螟在人工饲料上连续饲养至１２、２４、３２、４８和７１代时,其初孵幼虫在感螟玉米杂交种中单２号上取食危害能力同Ｆ_２代一样强,食叶级别没有差异;饲养至８４代时,其在玉米植株上的蛀孔数同Ｆ_２４、Ｆ_３７、Ｆ_４５及Ｆ_６１的蛀孔数没有明显差异,说明亚洲玉米螟在人工饲料上连续饲养６～７ａ（７１～８４代）时,仍可以用于田间玉米抗螟性鉴定。     

Cry类和Vip3Aa类Bt杀虫蛋白对亚洲玉米螟的毒力和增效作用

筛选对靶标害虫高效的Bt杀虫蛋白、评价蛋白组合对靶标害虫的杀虫作用,对于转基因抗虫新品种的研发具有重要的指导意义。本文采用人工饲料混合法评价了Cry1Ab、Cry1Fa、Cry1Ca、Cry1Ba、Cry2Aa、Vip3Aa11、Vip3Aa20、Vip3Aa19共8种Bt杀虫蛋白对亚洲玉米螟的毒力;同时评估了Cry1Ab/Vip3Aa19、Cry1Fa/Vip3Aa19混合蛋白对亚洲玉米螟的杀虫作用,筛选出毒力最佳的组合比例。结果表明：Cry1Ab、Cry1Fa、Cry2Aa对亚洲玉米螟的LC₅₀在0.24～0.72μg/g之间,其中Cry1Ab的毒力最强,显著高于Cry1Fa和Cry2Aa蛋白,Cry1Fa与Cry2Aa毒力无显著性差异。Cry1Ca、Cry1Ba、Vip3Aa11、Vip3Aa20、Vip3Aa19对亚洲玉米螟的LC₅₀均大于50μg/g。当Cry1Ab/Vip3Aa19、Cry1Fa/Vip3Aa19混合比例为1∶1时,增效作用最强,增效因子分别为3.18和1.58。本研究结果为多价转基因玉米的研发提供了重要依据。     

影响玉米螟发生为害的因子分析

采用数理统计方法,分析１９８０～１９９８年玉米螟发生的系统观测资料及有关的气象资料,可以看出,玉米螟在商洛地区是典型的当地虫源害虫,前期虫源的数量和发育进度,当时的气象等生态条件,是影响其发生为害的主导因子。由此建立起影响玉米螟发生期和发生为害程度的４个回归方程式。     

亚洲玉米螟发生动态及释放松毛虫赤眼蜂防治效果

于2007年6月和9月对秦皇岛亚洲玉米螟在春玉米田间落卵量和亚洲玉米螟为害春玉米的严重程度及7月29日分别在春玉米地和夏玉米地释放松毛虫赤眼蜂防治第二代亚洲玉米螟效果进行了调查与研究,结果表明,亚洲玉米螟在该地区全年共发生两代,产卵高峰期分别发生在6月中旬和8月上旬,高峰期卵粒数分别达到了800粒和748粒;田间花叶率、百株蛀茎孔数、蛀茎株率和百株蛀穗孔数、蛀穗株率分别达到了78%、340个、96%和102个、74%;松毛虫赤眼蜂在春玉米地和夏玉米地卵块寄生率分别达到了80.00%和81.44%,在夏玉米地,放蜂区和对照区相比,蛀茎虫孔减退率为53.05%,蛀穗虫孔减退率为69.63%。通过本文分析得出亚洲玉米螟在秦皇岛地区发生及危害严重,释放松毛虫赤眼蜂防治效果较好。     

球孢白僵菌对亚洲玉米螟血细胞毒力和形态的影响

【目的】测定球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis血细胞系SYSU-Of He-C的影响,为促进球孢白僵菌在防治亚洲玉米螟中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用MTT和CCK-8法测定球孢白僵菌对亚洲玉米螟血细胞系SYSU-Of He-C的毒力,通过光学显微镜与扫描电镜观察球孢白僵菌生长及其对SYSU-Of He-C细胞的影响。【结果】球孢白僵菌分生孢子处理SYSU-Of He-C细胞24 h后,MTT法的IC_(50)值为2.8×10~5mL~(-1),CCK-8法的IC_(50)值为1.4×10~5mL~(-1)。光学显微镜实时监测发现,在SYSU-Of He-C细胞对数期接种球孢白僵菌浓度为3.5×10~4mL~(-1)时,球孢白僵菌具有明显竞争力,未发现囊胞化与吞噬等细胞免疫现象;处理10 h后,球孢白僵菌分生孢子开始萌发长出菌丝,而SYSU-Of He-C细胞减少且开始变形;处理24 h,球孢白僵菌几乎长满整个视野;SYSU-OfHe-C细胞从近似圆形变长或者变为不规则形状,出现聚集、破碎、胞内空泡、瘤状突起,以及被白僵菌菌丝穿透等现象。【结论】球孢白僵菌可改变亚洲玉米螟血细胞系SYSU-Of He-C的细胞形态,但不能使其发生细胞免疫现象。     

赤眼蜂寄生亚洲玉米螟的潜能比较

通过对头雌蜂３ｄ更换寄主卵、不更换寄主卵、更换寄主卵第１ｄ喂蜜等方法,对供试赤眼蜂进行亚洲玉米螟卵的寄生潜能试验。结果表明：寄生亚洲玉米螟的优势赤眼蜂种依次为Ｔ．ｅｖａｎｅｓｃｅｎｓ（广赤眼蜂）、Ｔ．ｏｓｔｒｉｎｉａｅ（玉米螟赤眼蜂）和Ｔ．ｄｅｎｄｒｏｌｉｍｉ（松毛虫赤眼蜂）,而Ｔ．ｃｈｉｌｏｎｉｓ（螟黄赤眼蜂）、法国Ｔ．ｍａｉｄｉｓ、美国Ｔ．ｎｕｂｉｌａｌｅ、古巴Ｔ．ｐｉｎｌｏｉ和Ｔ．ｐｒｅｔｉ     

不同类型玉米组织对亚洲玉米螟幼虫存活和生长发育的影响

亚洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée))是中国玉米生产上最重要的害虫,严重影响玉米的产量和质量。由于不同类型玉米对亚洲玉米螟的抗性程度不同,影响玉米螟的存活和生长发育,同一品种的不同组织器官对玉米螟的存活和发育影响也不相同。笔者在室内研究了高油玉米、糯玉米、甜玉米和普通玉米等的不同组织对亚洲玉米螟幼虫存活、生长和发育的影响。结果表明,不同类型玉米在不同生育期的组织器官对亚洲玉米螟幼虫的存活、生长和发育的影响不同。高油玉米298的心叶组织最适合玉米螟幼虫的存活和生长发育,而心叶期抗螟品种邢抗2号和的心叶不利于玉米螟幼虫的存活、生长和发育。玉米螟幼虫在高油玉米、甜单8号和白糯4号的雄穗上存活率高,幼虫体重较重,而在邢抗2号雄穗上的存活率和幼虫体重最低。甜单8号玉米苞叶总体上比较适合亚洲玉米螟幼虫生长和发育,而白糯4号和邢抗2号的苞叶对亚洲玉米螟幼虫生长发育有明显的不利影响。甜单8号、农大108和高油298的花丝适宜玉米螟幼虫生长和发育。而超甜2号和邢抗2号2个品种的花丝对玉米螟幼虫生长和发育有不利影响。超甜2号玉米的穗轴适宜玉米螟生长和发育,玉米螟幼虫在甜单8号和白糯4号穗轴上取食存活率和化蛹率高,但蛹重较轻。邢抗2号穗轴对玉米螟生长发育有不利影响。在邢抗2号和农大108籽粒上取食同特用玉米籽粒上取食的幼虫相比,其幼虫体重显著或极显著低,幼虫发育历期极显著长,说明特用玉米籽粒比普通玉米的籽粒更适合亚洲玉米螟的生长发育。研究结果还表明,在甜玉米、糯玉米等特用玉米中,不同组织器官对亚洲玉米螟有一定程度的抗性,可以通过抗螟品种筛选加以利用。