凝结芽孢杆菌对奥尼罗非鱼消化酶活性、消化率及生长性能的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加不同剂量的凝结芽孢杆菌(Ⅰ:1.0×1011cfu/kg饲料,Ⅱ:3.0×1011cfu/kg饲料,Ⅲ:6.0×1011cfu/kg),室外水族箱中饲养奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)(34.50±0.25 g),用基础饲料投喂作为对照,每饲料组设三个重复,每水族箱随机放养16尾鱼,投喂率为3%。采用静水饲养以避免各箱之间水的交换。56 d后测定鱼体的生长和消化酶活性。结果显示:不同添加量的凝结芽孢杆菌均能显著提高奥尼罗非鱼胃、肝胰脏和肠道蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),但酶的活性随添加量的提高呈下降趋势。凝结芽孢杆菌的添加对胃、肝胰脏和肠道淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性没有显著影响(P>0.05)。Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的干物质表观消化率、蛋白质消化率、相对增重率、饵料系数和蛋白质效率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而Ⅲ组和对照组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,饲料中添加1.0×1011cfu/kg饲料的凝结芽孢杆菌就能显著促进奥尼罗非鱼的生长和饲料营养物质的利用,满足最佳生长。     

Soil nitrogen and denitrification potential as affected by land use and stand age following agricultural abandonment in a headwater catchment

Changes in vegetation and soil properties because of agricultural abandonment may affect soil nitrogen (N) and associated processes. We investigated soil N (total N: TN, inorganic N: NH₄–N and NO₃–N) and denitrification potential in cropland, pine plantations and abandoned agricultural land along a secondary succession sequence (grassland→shrubland→secondary forest) in a headwater catchment in the Qinling Mountains, northwest China. The results show that the soil denitrification potential differed significantly among the five land‐use types with the highest potential in the secondary forest, followed by grassland, shrubland, cropland and plantations. The denitrification potential of the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer was significantly lower compared with the topsoil (0–20 cm) across all land‐use types. TN, soil organic matter (SOM) and NH₄–N increased significantly with stand age, whereas there was an opposite trend in soil pH. However, the denitrification potential did not relate to stand age in a linear manner. We conclude that changes in soil TN, SOM and pH during vegetation succession following agricultural abandonment are critical controls on the denitrification potential.     

纳米CuI催化偶联反应合成二苯醚类农药中间体

二苯醚是一种重要的农药中间体,通过W/O微乳法,制备出形貌均一的球状纳米CuI,并应用于催化C-O交叉偶联反应中,在温和的反应条件下,合成了具有优良产率的二苯醚类化合物,该方法可在今后的农药合成中应用。     

W/O微乳液体系中SA和MS清除·O_2~-的研究

以水溶液体系作为对照,利用分光光度法研究了W/O型微乳液体系中水杨酸（SA）和水杨酸甲酯（MS）清除超氧阴离子自由基（·O2-）的性能.结果发现,在水浴时间为20min、pH值为8.20和邻苯三酚加入量适宜的情况下,W/O微乳液体系中SA、MS对·O2-的清除率分别可达72.92%、81.47%.微小的pH值变化会引起邻苯三酚自氧化速率的显著变化,电解质溶液对其也有明显的影响,但对SA、MS清除·O2-的能力影响不大.     

O型口蹄疫病毒VP1嵌合基因的构建及原核表达

首先合成我国O型口蹄疫病毒2个疫苗毒株VP1基因的3个抗原袁位，与另外扩增的流行毒株VP1基因末端273bp片段相连,构建出O型VP1嵌合基因片段（VP1O）。然后，将VPIO基因连接到原核表达载体pET28a上，构建了重组表达质粒pET28a-VP1O，转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE电泳表明。VP1O基因在大肠杆菌中获得表达。Western blotting检测证实表达的VP1O蛋白具有良好的生物学活性。对表达蛋白通过包涵体洗涤的方法进行初步纯化，获得了较高纯度的VP1O蛋白。     

小剂量砷化物对实验兔生长和繁殖性能的影响

为研究As2O3对实验兔生长和繁殖性能的影响,选择年龄和体重相近的40只实验兔(32只母兔,8只公兔)随机分成4组.对照组饲喂不含As2O3的基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组分别饲喂含As2O3 0.5mg/kg、1.0mg/kg和1.5mg/kg的日粮.生长发育和繁殖性能的测定结果显示,试验Ⅰ组与对照组相比,差异不显著(P＞0.05),试验Ⅱ组性能表现优于对照组,差异显著(P＜0.05),试验Ⅲ组出现中毒症状.本实验表明,适量的As2O3对实验兔生长和繁殖具有促进作用.     

油乳剂疫苗中硬脂酸铝含量与油相水相比例关系研究

进行了鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、产蛋下降综合征三联油乳剂疫苗生产中降低油相比例的试验.当油乳剂疫苗的油相中硬脂酸铝含量分别为2%、1%、0.5%,对应的油相:水相分别为3:1、2:1和1:1时进行的乳化试验结果表明:随着油相中硬脂酸铝含量降低,油相和水相的比例相应降低,呈正比例关系.当油相中硬脂酸铝含量与油/水比分别为2%和3:1、1%和2:1、0.5%和1:1时,制备的油苗质量均达到了国家标准.     

Risk factors associated with faecal shedding of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in eight known-infected Danish dairy herds

A risk-factor study was performed in eight dairy herds found to excrete verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 in a former prevalence study. Associations between excretion of VTEC O157 and management factors such as housing and feeding were analysed in a generalised linear mixed model. The animals were stratified in three age groups and sampled four times during 1 year. The risk of excreting VTEC O157 was higher among weaned calves than non-weaned calves. Among the calves aged 1–4 months, the risk was reduced if the calf had suckled colostrum from the mother or if the calf had stayed >2 days with the mother after calving. Calves aged 5–24 months that had been moved within the last 2 weeks had a higher risk, but risk was reduced if fed barley silage. Cows fed grain or molasses had a higher risk of excreting VTEC O157.     

Three<Emphasis Type="Italic">Orobanche</Emphasis> species newly found on crops in israel

Orobanche amethystea Thuill.,O. loricata Reichenb. andO. pubescens D’Urv. were found to parasitize the roots of cultivated plants in Israel.Orobanche pubescens is known from the local flora, and was now found to cause damage in parsley fields and toTropaeolum majus L. (nasturtium) in ornamental gardens.Orobanche amethystea andO. loricata are known as occasional weeds in Europe and were recently found for the first time in Israel.Orobanche amethystea densely populated vetch fields in Israel, andO. loricata was found in ornamental gardens. A key for the identification ofOrobanche species in cultivated areas in Israel is given, based on morphological features. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 13, 2002.     

鸡大肠杆菌O78对喹诺酮类药物高耐药株的分子鉴定

就临床分离的鸡大肠杆菌O78对喹诺酮类药物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）进行了测定，得到对喹诺酮类药物有不同耐药水平的细菌23株。根据GenBank已公布的QRDRs序列，设计了分剐扩增gyrA、gyrB、parC和parE基因的4对引物，以筛选的23株耐药菌DNA为模板，进行了PCR扩增。序列分析及AcrA的Western blotting检测结果表明，临床分离的鸡大肠杆菌对喹诺酮类药物的耐药水平与GyrA和ParC的突变密切相关，而AcrAB外输泵的表达水平无显著变化。提示临床分离的鸡大肠杆菌O78的耐药水平与喹诺酮类药物的选择性压力有关，它诱导了DNA旋转酶和拓扑异构酶IV的基因突变，可能不能激活AcrAB外输泵。