4个油橄榄品种在昆明市海口林场的生长表现

2018年3月在昆明市海口林场引进科基、皮瓜尔、米佳、豆果4个油橄榄品种进行引种栽培试验,观测记录其树高及地径生长情况。经过8个月的生长观测,结果表明:在高生长中,米佳>科基>豆果>皮瓜尔,在地径生长中,科基>豆果>米佳>皮瓜尔,皮瓜尔品种高生长和地径生长均低于其他3个品种;经过方差分析,不同品种间高生长和地径生长均存在显著差异。     

Olive Yields and Tree Nutritional Status during a Four-Year Period without Nitrogen and Boron Fertilization

Nitrogen (N) and boron (B) are mobile elements in soil. Therefore, the application of these nutrients is typically performed annually, as a single dose, or even split into several fractions in the case of N. In olive (Olea europaea L.), however, controversial literature has suggested that yearly application of N may not be required. In the case of B, some authors indicated that one single application is sufficient for 3 or 4 years. Thus, the effects of these elements on olive yield, leaf N and B concentrations, as well as soil available N and B were investigated during a field trial performed in an olive orchard located in northeast Portugal, in which N and B were not applied for four consecutive growing seasons. Fertilizer treatments consisted of the following: the control, which was a complete fertilization plan where N and B were included (N + B treatment); –N treatment, with N excluded from the fertilization plan; and –B treatment, with B excluded. Available soil N and B were estimated from a pot experiment with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and from chemical laboratory extractions. Olive yield decreased significantly in the –N treatment in comparison to the control. A slight yield reduction in the –B treatment in comparison to the control was also observed. Leaf N and B concentrations decreased significantly in the –N and –B treatments, respectively, in comparison to the N + B treatment. Soil available N and B at the end of the experiment were significantly lower in the –N and –B treatments, respectively, in comparison to the N + B control. The results showed a continuous decrease in olive yield and leaf N and B concentrations, which reflected the reduction in soil-available N and B in the treatments lacking the respective nutrient. Therefore, it seems prudent to recommend adjustments to the rates of N and B every year to prevent reduction in tree crop performance and improve nutrient-use efficiency.     

Effect of fulvic and humic acids on nitrificationpart ii: The nitrifying potential of cecil and davidson soils

Abstract

A disagreement exists in the literature regarding the effect of organic matter on nitrification. Therefore, this investigation was conducted to study the effect of fulvic (FA) and humic acids (HA) on nitrification by chemical means. In part I, results of an experiment showed a general trend for nitrite production to increase with increase application of FA and HA. On the other hand, nitrate production decreased in the presence of FA and HA. Since the previous experiment was conducted in vitro without soil, a second experiment was initiated as discussed below to include the use of a Cecil and Davidson soil. Soil samples mixed with 0 to 1000 mg HA/kg were incubated for 21 days according to the Schmidt and Belser's nitrifying potential procedure, and an alternate method. Ammonium sulfate was added as the N‐source. The soils were then extracted with 2M KC1 for analysis of initial and final nitrate concentrations with which the nitrifying potential was calculated. An additional experiment was included to study nitrification in the presence of plant growth. For this purpose corn plants were grown for 25 days in pots, receiving 0 to 1000 mg HA/kg, 100 mg (NH₄)₂SO₂/kg, and 1 ml of a mixed nitrifier extract. The soils were again extracted with 2M KCl for analysis of initial and final nitrate concentrations and the nitrifying potential. The Schmidt and Belser method yielded results indicating that the Cecil soil had a greater nitrifying potential than the Davidson soil. A tendency was noted in the Davidson soil for nitrification to decrease with added HA. The inhibitory effect of HA on nitrate production was clearly demonstrated by the alternate method, which yielded a linear decrease in nitrate concentrations with increased HA treatments. Plant growth, and humic acid treatments appeared to decrease the final nitrate concentrations in the third experiments. The effect was more pronounced in the Cecil than in the Davidson soil. The nitrifying potential of the Cecil soil under corn, ranging from 1.05 to 2.23 mg NO^‐ ₃‐N/kg, was three to eight times smaller than that detected in the experiments without plants. These observations are in support of results discussed in Part I.     

油橄榄种苗繁育技术研究进展

种苗繁育技术是油橄榄产业发展的重基础。文中从播种实生繁殖、扦插繁殖、嫁接技术、高头换优改造技术以及组织培养快繁等方面综述了我国自引种油橄榄以来在种苗繁育方面所开展的研究和取得的技术成果,对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

油橄榄研究进展

油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)是著名的木本油料兼果用树种,原产于地中海沿岸。我国20世纪60年代开始大量引种栽培,其果实含油率高,鲜榨油可以直接食用。目前我国橄榄油主要靠进口。系统地阐述油橄榄形态特征、地理分布、扦插繁殖、嫁接繁殖、化学成分、遗传特性、良种选育以及引种历史等方面的研究进展或成果,分析油橄榄产业发展中存在的问题,并提出了发展建议。     

Na2CO3和NaCl处理对盐角草生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度Na2CO3和NaCl处理的盐生植物盐角草生长和抗氧化酶活性的变化,探究Na2CO3胁迫对盐生植物伤害的原因。[方法]以盐角草为实验材料,以相同Na+浓度的Na2CO3和NaCl处理盐角草,通过比较研究两种盐胁迫对盐角草生长和抗氧化酶系统的影响。[结果]NaCl处理显著促进盐角草生长和提高抗氧化酶系统中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,而相同Na+浓度的Na2CO3却明显抑制盐角草生长,SOD、POD和CAT的活性也受到抑制,超氧阴离子(O2.-)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的增加程度明显高于等渗的NaCl处理。[结论]Na2CO3处理下,盐角草抗氧化酶活性的显著下降明显不同于NaCl处理,这是导致Na2CO3处理下盐角草生长量降低的原因之一。     

不同形态氮肥对油橄榄幼苗生长的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了不同形态氮肥对油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。结果表明,在施用相同浓度的不同形态氮肥时,施用铵态氮肥对油橄榄幼苗的生长产生了一定的抑制作用,可溶性蛋白质含量低于施用硝态氮,可溶性糖含量降低,MDA含量显著增加,SOD和POD活性显著增加,CAT活性低于施用硝态氮,在一定程度上破坏了油橄榄幼苗的抗氧化系统,相比之下,施用硝态氮更有助于油橄榄幼苗的生长,延缓其衰老。     

应用电导率法及Logistic 方程测定油橄榄品种的抗寒性

对6个油橄榄品种进行低温胁迫(5、0、-5、-10℃)处理,应用电导率法及Logistic方程测定不同油橄榄品种的抗寒性.结果表明,油橄榄叶片相对电导率随着处理温度的不断降低而呈“S”型曲线变化,叶片伤害率变化趋势与叶片相对电导率基本一致;在相同处理温度下叶片伤害率和相对电导率有较大差异,间接反映了不同品种的抗寒性强弱,结合Logistic方程可计算油橄榄的半致死温度(LT50);油橄榄叶片SOD、POD、CAT酶活性随胁迫温度的降低总体上均呈先升高后下降的趋势,其中皮削利的3种酶活性均显著高于其他品种;6个品种的油橄榄抗寒性差异显著,由强到弱依次为皮削利＞配多灵＞莱星＞阿斯＞鄂植8号＞佛奥.     

白龙江沿岸油橄榄气候生态适应性研究

对油橄榄园定点观测试验资料以及采用气候相似原理与原产地和国内引种地的气候生态条件对比分析,探讨白龙江沿岸油橄榄气候生态适应性.在此基础上,确定气候生态区划综合指标体系,进行5级细网格气候生态适生种植区划,并提出提高气候生态资源开发利用途径.     

油橄榄引种栽植及幼林管护技术

油橄榄是世界名贵的木本油料兼果用树种，越来越被人们高度重视。根据赣南的自然条件较适宜油橄榄生长，赣州市林业科学研究所于2009年、2014年分别从甘肃、四川引种油橄榄优良品种进行栽植，通过对油橄榄的栽培试验，总结出引种、栽植及幼林管护的技术要点，为油橄榄的产业化发展提供技术支撑。