日本水果玉米品比试验研究初报

2006年对4个水果玉米新品种(系)在天津农业示范园区内进行品比试验,初步总结了各参试水果玉米品种(系)的生育期、果穗产量、果穗性状及品质表现。     

秩次分析法评价非平衡玉米区试产量的应用研究

利用中长期滚动式品种比较试验非平衡数据资料的秩次分析法,研究四川省1998～1999年杂交玉米区域试验产量性状资料,对各试验环境进行常规方差分析,并定义三个统计数:平均分级值H(1Mi)、产量秩次值H(2Mi)、环境区分指数Y(M)。结果表明:在参试的12个品种中2738、SAU97-1、78599/200H、雅941这4个属于高产稳产性强的品种;秩次分析法较经典方法更全面、更合理,具有较高的应用价值。     

浙江省“八五”早籼稻区试品种(系)品质、农艺性状研究

 探讨了浙江省“八五”早籼区试品种品质、农艺性状进展趋势。结果表明,“八五”参试品种较“七五”参试品种品质有极显著提高,而且有着生育期缩短、有效穗数减少、穗型增大趋势,迟熟组尤为明显。分析“八五”参试品种各项品质性状表现,参试品种品质仍不理想,大多数品种整精米率、垩白率、垩白面积、粒型表现欠佳。剖析待改良品质的各效应方差分量发现,除整精米率品种×年份互作效应高于品种效应以外,其余品质性状均以品种效应为主。     

The effect of fluidized bed combustion residue on the composition and nutritional quality of food crops for hamsters and rats

Food crops (corn, oats, soybeans, vegetables) were grown on soils treated with fluidized bed combustion residue (FBCR) or hydrated lime. The composition of the foods and their nutritional quality were evaluated in growth, balance and carcass composition studies with growing hamsters and rats. Application of FBCR had little effect on elemental concentrations of dietary components. Weight gains in hamsters over a 6 week period were higher on FBCR than on lime-treated corn diets, but there were no differences due to FBCR in gains of hamsters on the oats diets or in rats on either of the cereal based diets. Apparent retention of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, sulphur and magnesium was determined by balance and by carcass analysis. Differences in mineral retention between FBCR and lime treatments were generally small and inconsistent. Analysis of the whole body of hamsters showed lower concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and copper with FBCR compared to lime-treated corn diets; little difference in body composition was found in the rat. There was no significant accumulation of heavy metals in liver, kidney, bone, serum or hair (of rats only) and no significant differences in concentrations of elements in organs due to application of FBCR to soils on which the dietary components had been grown.     

Marine-Sourced Anti-Cancer and Cancer Pain Control Agents in Clinical and Late Preclinical Development ?

The marine habitat has produced a significant number of very potent marine-derived agents that have the potential to inhibit the growth of human tumor cells in vitro and, in a number of cases, in both in vivo murine models and in humans. Although many agents have entered clinical trials in cancer, to date, only Cytarabine, Yondelis^® (ET743), Eribulin (a synthetic derivative based on the structure of halichondrin B), and the dolastatin 10 derivative, monomethylauristatin E (MMAE or vedotin) as a warhead, have been approved for use in humans (Adcetris^®). In this review, we show the compounds derived from marine sources that are currently in clinical trials against cancer. We have included brief discussions of the approved agents, where they are in trials to extend their initial approved activity (a common practice once an agent is approved), and have also included an extensive discussion of the use of auristatin derivatives as warheads, plus an area that has rarely been covered, the use of marine-derived agents to ameliorate the pain from cancers in humans, and to act as an adjuvant in immunological therapies.     

农药田间药效试验工作的经验及做法

农药田间药效试验有别于一般防治示范或简单的效果观察。它是农药在进入市场之前,国家为保证农药对有害生物的防治效果和对作物及环境的安全性而开展的一项重要工作。农药田间药效试验需要对农药产品防治效果、负面效应以及环境影响作出客观、公正的综合评价,为农药生产企业办理农药登记提供资料,为农药推广应用提供科学依据。为保证农药田间药效试验的准确性和对试验药剂进行客观合理的分析、评价,笔者通过多年的实践经历,总结了做好农药田间药效试验经验以及具体做法。     

高可靠卫星数据广播技术框架研究

均势原则是随机临床试验的基本原则，但也遭到了一些质疑。质疑者认为，均势原则预设了研究者的治疗性义务，限制了随机临床试验的发展，因此应当取消均势原则。其实，这些质疑并没有发展性地理解均势原则，质疑本身也充满了矛盾。我们尝试从伦理学的角度对均势原则进行辩护。     

国家大豆试验品种（系）生育期组归属研究

为明确国家大豆试验参试品种的生育期组类型，2019-2020年以分属MGⅠ~MGⅦ的24份北美大豆生育期组标准品种为参照，分别将当年长江流域夏大豆晚熟组、鲜食大豆夏播组的区域试验和联合鉴定试验中的品种（系）在南充进行夏播种植。以北美标准品种的生育日数和相对生育期组值（RMG）建立线性回归方程，通过回归分析法对参试大豆品种（系）进行生育期组鉴定。结果表明：北美大豆生育期组标准品种从MGⅠ~MGⅦ组间生育日数呈不断递增趋势，但MGⅡ和MGⅢ之间、MGIV和MGV之间界限不明显。两年共鉴定47个品种（系），归属于MGII、MGⅢ、MGIV、MGV的品种（系）分别为4、4、11、5个，分别占总数的8.5%、8.5%、23.4%、10.6%；归属于MGⅥ~MGⅦ的品种共22个，占总数的46.8%。试验结果表明长江流域夏大豆晚熟组、鲜食大豆夏播组试验中的大多数品种生育期组为MGIV~MGⅦ。结果可为四川大豆品种选育和推广提供参考，为国内不同区域间大豆引种提供依据。     

长期连续施用生物质炭对土壤肥力、小麦产量和微生物群落结构的影响

摘 要：基于始于2010年的长期田间试验，研究了每年6 t/hm2 玉米秸秆还田(Straw)，每年2.4 t/hm2 (BC1)、6 t/hm2 (BC3)和12 t/hm2 (BC5)玉米秸秆生物质炭添加对土壤肥力、小麦产量和微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明：与不添加玉米秸秆及其生物质炭的处理（CK）相比，BC5处理显著提高了小麦产量，三个剂量生物质炭处理平均增加小麦产量15%。经过11年的连续添加，土壤容重（BD）从CK的1.06 g/cm3降低至BC5处理的0.73 g/cm3，总碳（TC）从CK的14.9 g/kg 增加至BC5处理的83.8 g/kg。土壤有效氮（AN）、速效钾（AK）和有效磷（AP）均随施用量增加而增加，表现为BC5 > BC3 > BC1 > Straw ≥ CK。本研究中，长期连续施用玉米秸秆及其生物质炭没有显著改变细菌群落多样性，而BC5处理略微增加真菌群落多样性。PICRUSt2功能预测表明生物质炭处理显著增加了碳固定相关功能基因丰度，而降低碳降解相关功能基因丰度。