谷子黑穗病田间接菌方式试验

谷子黑穗病是山西省谷子的一个主要病害,近年来有加重的迹象。试验通过对谷子黑穗病设立不同的接菌方式和接菌的定量指标,分析接菌效果,以便准确地鉴定谷子黑穗病的发病情况,更好地研究谷子黑穗病,具有较强的实际指导意义。     

Innovation of Super Early-Mature Millet Germplasm with Sweet-Stem and Multi-Spikes

A new millet (Setaria italica Beauv) variety, super early-mature millet No. 1, was bred by means of gene bank breeding method of target characters. This variety has the following outstanding characters. (1) Super early-mature. This variety only needs 1550C effective accumulated temperature and can normally maturate in the Bashang Region in Hebei Province of Chi na, which can break through the limit zone of millet cultivation and move the cultivation zone northward greatly. (2)Multi-spikes, in addition to the effect tilling at the top, the nodes in the low-middle part also can produce spikes. (3) Sweet stem have high sugar content. The contents of whole-sugar, soluable sugar and deoxidized sugar are 74.8, 200.5, 237.2%higher than the regular varieties respectively. (4) High gross protein content. The content of gross protein is higher than the regular varieties by 3.9-30.4%. (5)Changeable grain color. The grain color of super early-mature millet No.1 is red in Shijiazhuang, but yellow in the Bashang region. In addition, this variety is characterized by good quality, high yield, and good synthetic traits     

谷子器官建成的数学模型研究 Ⅰ、谷子株、茎、穗的数量动态变化规律

本文对春谷品种晋谷10号一生中在株、茎、穗形成过程中的数量观测资料,拟合了相应的数学模型。研究表明:株高、茎高和地上部各茎节间的伸长动态变化规律都符合Logictie生长曲线方程;株重和茎重的增长动态都符合一元四次方程;各茎节间的重量动态变化都遵循一元二次数学方程;穗的伸长动态用普适生长曲线描述更符合实际,穗重增长过程的最佳数学模型是一元四次方程。用数学模型描述作物各器官建成过程中在数量上的动态变化规律,使作物生长发育的基本理论研究步入了动态定量分析阶段,这在作物基础理论研究上是一个新的飞跃,对指导作物生产也有重要的意义。     

谷粒黑穗病发生规律与防治研究

谷粒黑穗病是一个全国性的病害,对谷子生产危害很大。粒黑穗病的发生程度直接与菌源数量、土壤环境以及幼苗出土速度有关。病菌在幼苗一心叶期前均可实现侵染,以种子露白到芽长1厘米阶段内的侵染发病量最高。用50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂、40％拌种双可湿性粉剂、50％禾穗胺可湿性粉剂以及25％百理通可湿性粉剂拌种(剂量为种子重量的0.2—0.3％),可有效地控制粒黑穗病的危害,防治效果达80—100％,用25％瑞毒霉可湿性粉剂与上述杀菌剂等量拌种,可兼治粒黑穗病与白发病。四种防治粒黑穗病的拌种剂不论是单用,还是与瑞毒霉混用,对谷子的发芽与幼苗生长均无药害。1984—1985年在齐齐哈尔市15个市县示范防治面积172万亩,平均防治效果80％,增收粮食2196.5万公斤,经济效益527万元。     

氮离子注入谷子诱变效应研究

本实验利用不同剂量的氮离子束注入优良谷子新品种晋谷28号干种子,并与γ射线处理作比较,研究其诱变效应,并以期获得优良变异株。形态学调查结果显示,氮离子注入与γ射线这两种方法均可诱发株高、穗长、穗型等各种农艺性状发生突变,但两种诱变方法的诱变效应存在差异,氮离子束诱发矮秆、早熟等有益性状突变的频率较大,而γ射线辐照诱发的高秆突变频率较大,结果证明等体离子束诱变技术不仅可以促使种子变异,获得穗长、穗型等有益突变体,而且获得的这些变异在后代中是可以遗传的。     

Effect of sesame seed flour on millet biscuit characteristics

Defatted sesame seed flour replaced millet flour at 30, 40, and 50% and was used to prepare biscuits. Protein content of the biscuits was significantly (p 0.05) increased by replacement with sesame seed flour. Millet flour biscuits were heavier than those from the blends. Diameters and weights of biscuits were reduced and thicknesses and spread factors were increased with increasing level of sesame replacement. Sensory evaluation results showed that the biscuits were highly rated for flavor and crispiness but considered poor in color.     

谷子全膜双垄沟穴播技术效应研究（原州试点）

在宁夏固原市原州区官厅镇进行了旱地谷子全膜双垄覆盖沟穴播技术效应研究,结果表明：在降雨量400mm的半干旱区,采用全膜双垄覆盖沟穴播技术种植谷子有效地提高了土壤蓄水保墒能力和地积温,促进了谷子增产增收。7种覆膜种植方式中,秋季全膜、早春全膜、全膜覆土穴播增产效果显著,籽粒平均产量超过3900．0kg／hm^2,生物产量超过5625．0kg／hm^2,水分利用率达到60％以上,水分生产效率达到15kg／（mm·hm^2）。     

全膜双垄沟播谷子品种比较研究

为了进一步提高谷子的产量和品质,以全膜双垄沟播条件下,以张杂谷3号、大同29号、大同32号、晋谷29号、晋谷9号、陇谷11号和陇谷6号（对照）作为供试品种,从生育期、主要农艺性状和产量几方面进行了品种间比较.结果表明,大同32号和张杂谷3号增产显著,能够适应盐池县的气候特点;陇谷11号、大同29号可以继续参试;晋谷9号、晋谷29号不适宜盐池县种植,可不再参试.     

冀西北地区张杂谷害虫发生特点与综合防治技术

张杂谷是冀西北地区主要种植作物,为保障其丰产丰收,采用五点取样法对该地区种植示范区的害虫种类及发生特点进行了调查。结果表明:谷子苗期主要害虫有粟叶甲、粟凹胫跳甲、粟灰螟和叶螨类;成株期主要害虫有双斑萤叶甲、粟缘蝽、大青叶蝉等。其中粟叶甲1年发生1代,成虫、幼虫均啃食叶肉,形成条斑,为害最为严重。其次粟凹胫跳甲1年发生2代,直接取食掉幼苗顶心,形成"坐苗"。张杂谷害虫种类不多,但为害严重,综合防治技术以农业防治为辅,化学防治为主。     

Dry season survival,diapause duration and timing of diapause termination in the millet stem borer,Coniesta ignefusalis (Hampson) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Northern Ghana

Studies were conducted between 1996 and 1997 in Northern Ghana on the dry season survival tactics of the millet stem borer Coniesta ignefusalis (Hampson). Results confirmed that the main survival tactic employed by the insect was larval diapause, which lasts from November to May the following year. In both years, diapause termination occurred in the field 4-6 weeks after the resumption of the rains, depending on the year and location. Larval mortality rate was high during diapause with peaks occurring towards the end of the dry season in May. During the 2 years, larval populations declined by at least 50% between the start of diapause and its termination. No parasitoids were encountered during the study period, suggesting that biocontrol agents are probably not very important in the population dynamics of the insect. The implications of these findings for management of the pest are discussed.