The solubilization of myofibrillar proteins of vertebrate skeletal muscle in water

Myofibrillar proteins of vertebrate skeletal muscles are insoluble in solutions of ionic strength that approximate physiological conditions. We established a method to solubilize more than 80% of chicken breast muscle myofibrillar proteins in water for the use of meat as a source of food protein. SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of water‐soluble myofibrillar proteins demonstrated that all identified myofibrillar proteins except connectin/titin were soluble in water. A part of α‐actinin was released from myofibrils by repeated washing with 2.5 mmol/L NaCl and 5 mmol/L L‐histidine solution, and subsequent destruction of connectin/titin in washed myofibrils by ultrasonication resulted in solubilization of a large fraction of chicken breast muscle myofibrillar proteins in water. Myofibrillar proteins of chicken leg, pork loin, beef shoulder loin, and lamb were also solubilized in water using this procedure.     

New technique of sex preselection for increasing female ratio in boar sperm model

In this study, we tried to optimize the porcine semen extender conditions to maximize the differences between live X chromosome-bearing (X) spermatozoa and to Y chromosome-bearing (Y) spermatozoa without a decline in the fertility rate at different pH conditions during storage. We observed the viability of X and Y boar spermatozoa in acidic (pH 6.2), original (pH 7.2), and alkaline condition (pH 8.2) for 5 days to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the X to Y spermatozoa ratio. The functional parameters of spermatozoa were also examined to evaluate sperm quality. Sperm motility was preserved at pH 7.2 and pH 6.2 for 3 days, while sperm motility at pH 8.2 decreased significantly after 2 days. Non-capacitated spermatozoa increased while capacitated spermatozoa decreased during storage. Sperm viability decreased significantly duration-dependent under all pH conditions, but there was no significant difference during storage at pH 6.2 and 7.2. The X: Y ratio of live spermatozoa in acidic condition was maximized (1.2:1) without affecting the sperm function and fertility-related protein expression after 2 days compared to original conditions. Moreover, insemination of sows using acidic extender increased the number of female pups on days 1 and 2 of preservation. These results indicate that the production of female offspring may increase when acidic BTS is used for 2 days without affecting the success rate of AI. Above all, this method is simple and economical compared to other methods.     

酸奶及乳饮料中大肠杆菌变化趋势研究

[目的]为了探讨实际生产过程中酸奶和乳饮料感染大肠杆菌（E.coli）后的变化情况及影响因素。[方法]将大肠杆菌标准菌株接种至酸奶、乳饮料及培养基中,设置不同的储藏温度、pH,定期测定储藏过程中大肠杆菌含量变化情况。[结果]随着储藏时间延长,不同储藏温度（4℃和25℃）,不同pH(4.2和3.6)的酸奶和乳饮料中大肠杆菌含量均减少,相对于储藏于4℃的产品,储藏于25℃的产品中菌含量降低更快;当产品pH为3.6时,菌含量减少速率高于pH为4.2的产品。将大肠杆菌置于不同pH的培养基中培养,结果表明,当pH<3.8时,大肠杆菌的活性将会受到抑制,证明了pH对大肠杆菌的影响。[结论]本研究为实际生产加工过程中产品冷藏及脱冷条件下大肠杆菌的检验检测和产品质量控制提供理论依据和理论指导。     

缓释复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪消化道酸度及肠道功能的影响

本试验选用28 R龄断奶、平均体质量(7.00±0.10)kg的长白猪(♂)×大白猪(♂)二元杂交仔猪64头,按单因索试验设计原则,研究在玉米一豆粕一膨化大豆型基础日粮中添加不同类型(包被未包被)复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪胃肠道酸度、生产性能、肠组织形态、消化酶活性、肠道微生物菌群及肠黏膜抗体SIgA的影响.试验设4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复4头猪(公母各半),饲养试验时间为35 d.结果表明,微胶囊型缓释复合酸化剂可以极显著降低断奶仔猪胃和小肠pH(P＜0.01);极显著提高空肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度的比值(P＜0.01);断奶前期,显著提高小肠蔗糖酶和乳糖酶活性(P＜0.05);断奶后期,极显著提高仔猪盲肠和结肠中乳酸杆菌数量,降低大肠杆菌数量(P＜0.01);微胶囊型缓释复合酸化剂还有增加仔猪肠黏膜抗体SIgA分泌量的趋势(P＞0.05).结果提示,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加微胶囊型缓释复合酸化剂,可以通过降低肠道pH,优化肠道微生物区系,改善肠组织形态和功能,从而提高断奶仔猪肠道的消化力和适应性,并促进仔猪生长.     

棕榈粕替代部分玉米对藏羊母羊小肠形态发育、消化酶活性及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在探究精料补充料中使用不同比例棕榈粕替代玉米对藏羊母羊肠道组织形态学、消化酶活性、pH、脂多糖以及抗氧化能力的影响。选取初始体重相近且健康的2～3月龄高原型藏羊母羊120只,随机分为4组,每组30只,每组6个重复,每个重复5只母羊,分别饲喂0%、15%、18%和21%水平的棕榈粕替代精料中玉米。试验期97d。结果显示：1)0%组与15%组间小肠各段的绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度、黏膜厚度以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度差异均不显著（P>0.05）;2)0%组空肠的α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶及糜蛋白酶显著或极显著小于15%组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;3)0%组空肠的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著低于15%组与18%组（P<0.05）,相较于21%组差异不显著（P>0.05）;4)18%组与21%组空肠的脂多糖含量显著或极显著高于0%组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,与15%组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）。由此可见,棕榈粕可替代部分玉米饲喂藏羊母羊,推荐替代玉米的比例为15%。     

小麦饲料中添加木聚糖酶对高原型藏羊胃肠道发育的影响

旨在分析小麦粉中添加木聚糖酶(xylanase, Xyl)对藏羊羔羊胃肠道发育的影响。选择同质性良好的2～3月龄高原型藏羊公羔60只,随机分为两组,每组30只,各组内设置5个重复。对照组(Control group)饲喂不含木聚糖酶的日粮,试验组(Test group)饲喂含0.2%木聚糖酶的日粮,试验分为预饲期10 d和正试期90 d。饲养试验结束时,两组各随机选取5只羔羊进行屠宰,采集消化道组织置于多聚甲醛固定,并收集血液、瘤胃和空肠内容物。结果显示：1)与对照组相比,试验组瘤胃的角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度,瓣胃的乳头长度、乳头宽度、角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度,皱胃的黏膜厚度以及十二指肠的肌层厚度,空肠的绒毛高度、黏膜厚度,回肠的肌层厚度显著提高(P<0.05);2)对照组瘤胃和血清的LPS含量显著高于试验组(P<0.05);3)相较于对照组,试验组瘤胃的糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性以及空肠的糜蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);4)试验组瘤胃的总抗氧化能力水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及过氧化氢酶活性以及空肠的总抗氧化能力水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶...     

桑树内生真菌Macrophomina phaseolina MOD-1产油脂培养基及摇瓶发酵条件的优化试验

从健康桑树根系中分离筛选得到一株内生产油脂真菌——菜豆壳球孢菌MOD-1(Macrophomina phaseolina,MOD-1)。结合均匀设计和单因子筛选法得到该菌株产油脂发酵培养基最优配方为:可溶性淀粉105 g/L,蛋白胨1.1 g/L,磷酸二氢钾1.5 g/L,硫酸铵0.3 g/L,硫酸镁0.32 g/L,氯化锰4.9 nmol/L。在此基础上优化该菌株产油脂的摇瓶发酵条件为:发酵液初始pH7.0,发酵温度26℃,摇瓶转速190 r/min,装液量100 mL。在优化后的培养基组分及摇瓶发酵条件下培养6 d,菌体生长量(干质量)高达41.852 g/L,油脂产量达到25.511 g/L。利用气相色谱-质谱法分别测定菌株在优化后的培养基或发酵条件下产生油脂的脂肪酸组成,前一种条件下检测出9种脂肪酸成分,其中单不饱和脂肪酸含量为67.92%;后一种条件下检测出7种脂肪酸成分,其中单不饱和脂肪酸含量为74.32%。结果表明,在优化培养基及摇瓶发酵条件下,MOD-1菌株的油脂产量增高,组成简单,易于纯化,且单不饱和脂肪酸含量较高。     

羧甲基纤维素钠对酸性乳饮料稳定作用的研究

羧甲基纤维素钠的浓度、体系的pH值均会影响酸性乳饮料的稳定性.在浓度0%-0.6%、pH4.6-3.6范围内,体系的粘度随浓度增加、pH升高而增加;随CMC浓度增加,所能稳定的pH范围也增加,沉降量降低.在相同条件下,调酸型酸性乳饮料比发酵型易于稳定.     

酸化红薯粉渣对肉兔生长性能、免疫器官指数和胃肠pH的影响

为探讨酸化红薯粉渣对肉兔生长性能、免疫器官指数和胃肠pH的影响,试验采用单因子完全随机分组设计,选取128只(公母各半)50日龄体重相近的新西兰兔随机分为4个处理组(对照组、试验1组、2组和3组),每组4个重复,分别饲喂含0%、5%、10%、15%酸化红薯粉渣的饲粮。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2组和3组肉兔日均采食量、平均日增重、胸腺指数和脾脏指数均显著提高(P<0.05),胃pH显著降低(P<0.05);试验1、2和3组腹泻率、十二指肠pH、盲肠pH均有所降低(P>0.05)。由此可见,在饲料中添加适量的酸化红薯粉渣能提高肉兔的生长性能和免疫器官指数,降低胃肠pH,其中添加量为10%~15%效果较理想。