Breeding the Mite-Resistant Honeybee by Nutritional Crossbreed Technology

Mite （Varroa destructor） is one of the most serious parasite threats to the honey bee （Apis mellifera） reared in China. The beekeepers mainly use the drug to control and kill the mite in the past years, but the honey products may be contaminated and the mite is becoming drug-resistant. The main idea of this paper is to research the possibility of mite-resistant honeybee rearing by nutritional crossbreed. The larvae （Apis mellifera ligustica） are bred with the royal jelly of Apis carana carana, and then the morphological index of the worker generation, genotypic frequency and gene frequency of the MDH Ⅱ, genetic resemblance, and mite resistance are measured. The results show that： compared to the parent workers, the proboscis length, anterior wing area, the total length of the third and fourth dorsal plate of the abdomen, the length of the fourth dorsal plate of the tuberculum, the area of the sixth abdominal segment, and the area of wax mirrors are significantly different, but the differences in the brachium index, dactylus index, and wing claw are not significant. Moreover, there are some mutations in the genotypic frequency and gene frequency of the MDH Ⅱ. The mite resistance of the nutritional crossbreed worker is significantly higher. The morphological, physical, and biochemical characters, genetic resemblance, and the mite-resistant ability of the worker generation can be changed by nutritional crossbreeding. Nutritional crossbreeding can be a new way to breed the honeybee.     

马铃薯腐烂茎线虫类FMRF酰胺多肽基因(Dd-flp-1)的克隆与表达定位分析

植物寄生性线虫类FMRF酰胺多肽(FMRFamide-like neuropeptides,FLPs)在线虫的取食、分泌、迁移入侵和繁殖过程中发挥着重要的作用。本研究根据EST序列结合RACE方法,获得了一个马铃薯腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)类FMRF酰胺多肽基因的cDNA全长。该基因cDNA全长序列为891bp,包括一个681bp的完整开放阅读框,编码一个包含227个氨基酸的蛋白,预测的分子量为25.36kD。序列分析表明,该蛋白N端有一个由43个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽,C端含117个氨基酸的FMRF酰胺肽的特征区,其中包含有5个NFLRFG的FLPs肽,属于典型的FLP-1型蛋白,该基因命名为Dd-flp-1(GenBank登录号为GU198750)。系统发育分析表明,Dd-FLP-1与自由生活线虫、动物寄生线虫和其他迁移性植物寄生线虫的FLPs属于同一支,推测线虫FLP的进化与其生活习性密切相关。原位杂交结果表明,Dd-flp-1在马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的咽神经环、后膀胱神经节多个细胞特异表达。推测DD-FLP-1主要与马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的取食、运动和排泄功能相关。本研究结果将为植...     

锦州世博园郁金香球茎中坏死滑刃线虫的分离与鉴定

为了全面摸清锦州世博园进境花卉携带的有害生物种类,对园区病虫害进行监测调查。结果表明:首次在病变的郁金香球茎中发现了坏死滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides destructor MaLiu,2000)。该种线虫的主要鉴别特征为:虫体较长,唇区缢缩明显,口针长13μm左右,具有明显的口针基球,后阴子宫囊较长,约为阴门处虫体直径的2~4倍;尾呈长圆锥形,尾端具一星状尾尖突;雄虫交合刺长为20.0~21.5μm。     

15种植物源化合物对马铃薯茎线虫的活性比较

利用离体生测方法,系统测定和比较了15种植物源化合物对马铃薯茎线虫的活性。结果表明,dl-薄荷醇和香茅醇等10种化合物对马铃薯茎线虫具有较高的活性;选用6种高活性化合物对马铃薯茎线虫的毒力测定结果表明:处理24 h和48 h后6种化合物的LC₅₀由小到大的顺序分别为:油酸<间苯三酚<间苯二酚<柠檬酸<dl-薄荷醇;油酸<间苯二酚<香茅醇<间苯三酚<柠檬酸<dl-薄荷醇。     

甘薯茎线虫的形态特征

 甘薯茎线虫样本采自河北、山东和安徽省的部分甘薯产区,该线虫种鉴定为腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor Thome,1945)。雌虫:线虫唇架骨质化,唇区稍缢缩、有4个唇环和6个唇片;侧区有6条侧线,有网格纹。中食道球梭形、有瓣膜,食道腺通常覆盖于肠的背面达体宽1/2,个别覆盖于肠侧面和腹面;尾呈锥状,稍向腹面弯曲,末端窄圆;卵巢前端卵原细胞双行排列;阴唇略隆起,阴门裂与体轴线垂直,阴门宽度占4个体环;后阴子宫囊大,延伸至阴肛距2/3-3/4。雄虫:虫体前部与雌虫相似。泄殖腔隆起,交合伞起始于交合刺前端水平处向后延伸达尾长3/4;交合刺朝腹向弯曲,前端膨大具指状突;引带短。     

蒸汽熏蒸防治甘薯茎线虫病效果初报

为发展绿色农业,探讨了蒸汽熏蒸法在防治甘薯茎线虫病中的作用.研究结果表明,在环境温度为23℃,蒸汽持续熏蒸40 min条件下,土表下10 cm和20 cm深处土层最高温度分别可达60.6℃和37.9℃,相应深度薯块中甘薯茎线虫的死亡率分别为100％、88.1％,土样中甘薯茎线虫的死亡率分别为59.6％、60.0％;在环境温度为7℃时,利用蒸汽熏蒸不能有效地控制甘薯茎线虫.在大田或温室大棚中环境温度达到23℃以上时,可使用蒸汽熏蒸法防治甘薯茎线虫及其他病虫害.     

马铃薯茎线虫的培养

采用茄腐镰刀菌(Fusariumsolani)培养马铃薯茎线虫,在20℃黑暗条件下培养43d,直径9cm的培养皿每皿活线虫总数平均为23,777条/皿;在25℃黑暗条件下培养周期43d,每皿一次可培养出46,000至72,000条线虫,平均60,777条。与Young和Seung的培养结果(10,000条/皿)[1]相比每皿多50,000条左右,而且培养的线虫聚集在培养皿盖上,方法简单,培养量大,含杂质少。     

腐烂茎线虫单异活体繁殖方法研究

腐烂茎线虫（Ditylenchus destructor）系世界上一重要的植物病原线虫。试验通过用玉米培养基培养的灰葡萄孢菌（Botrytis cinerea）对腐烂茎线虫进行的单异活体培养，系统地比较了20℃和25℃个不同的温度对培养的影响，建立了在室内快速和大量繁殖腐烂茎线虫的方法。该方法繁殖的线虫可用于线虫的生物学和遗传学等方面的研究。     

Electrical stimulation of spermatophore extrusion in the freshwater yabby (Cherax destructor)

A technique for collecting spermatophores from male yabbies (Cherax destructor) is described. This technique consists of applying an electrical stimulus of between 5 and 10 mA and 40–50 Hz around the coxa of the fifth walking leg, and was found to have a success rate of 76% in 100 males tested. Furthermore, this approach enabled the collection of spermatophores from intersex individuals, indicating that intersex animals have the ability to function as males.

Using this technique, it was shown that spermatophore development is correlated with water temperature and that it is possible to elicit spermatophores from males in the non-reproductive season simply by raising water temperatures. The ability to non-invasively collect spermatophores from yabbies will facilitate the development of artificial fertilization techniques in this species.