MODIS遥感影像的几何精校正--以阿勒泰地区为例

遥感资料的准备和处理是遥感技术在实际应用中的核心工作,几何精校正是利用地面控制点(GCP)对遥感影像进行的几何校正。研究在对阿勒泰地区草地监测时用ERDAS IMAGINE软件对MODIS资料进行几何精校正,主要对相关模型参数设置、控制点输入和几何精校正作了探讨。结果表明:影响几何精校正的因素,主要表现在GCP的数量、分布和定位精度及校正方法和重采样方法。     

Evaluating Beech Tree Phenology in a Deciduous Broadleaf Forest in Northern Iran Using Ground Observation and MODIS Images

We selected 15 beech trees (Fagus orientalis) from the study area in a mountainous region from 520 to 1310 m above sea level. Ground observations of the beech tree growth process from January to December 2004 in 7- to 15-day intervals were performed both visually and by measuring leaf chlorophyll concentration (chlorophyll meter SPAD-502). Results for the regression analysis showed that the leaved period positively correlated with the air temperature (r?=?.894). Anthesis and SPAD measurements have a negative relationship with air temperature and as temperature increases they appear earlier in the year. Anthesis and SPAD measurements had correlation coefficients of r?=??.883 and r?=??.855, respectively. The anthesis and bud bursting and leaf tip appearance have a negative relationship with increasing altitude from sea level and as altitude increases they appear later in the year. To make phenological events in deciduous broadleaf forests recognizable, we used a seasonal 8-day composite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer/Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (MODIS/NDVI). Prior to leaf expansion, NDVI increased from the 109th day of the year or earlier. Existence of the evergreen plants (Ruscus hyrcanus) on the ground and snow-melting exert an influence on inconsistency of phenology monitoring of MODIS/NDVI images. Regression analysis showed that there is a positive relationship between NDVI and SPAD measurements (chlorophyll content) in beech trees.     

基于长时间序列遥感数据反演NPP的耕地质量评价

为客观获得省域耕地质量分布状况,减少时间断点引起的评价误差,构建了一种基于长时间序列遥感数据反演NPP的耕地质量评价方法。首先,在耕地图斑约束下,采用时序LSWI和EVI数据识别水稻和玉米;然后,采用2000—2010年MODIS的MOD09A1数据,结合气象站点数据,利用VPM模型分别计算水稻和玉米的净初级生产力(NPP),并得到多年NPP均值,可反映耕地种植作物的常年长势,使用距平分析法消除作物类型差异,得到表征耕地质量的评价结果;最后,以吉林省为研究区,对本文提出的方法进行了实证与分析。实验结果表明,长时间序列NPP耕地质量反演结果与耕地质量利用等别整体空间分布一致。其中,吉林省中部与北部由于耕地集中连片,反演结果准确。南部山区耕地斑块破碎,耕地与林地混合,导致反演结果偏高。本文构建的长时间序列NPP耕地质量评价方法对省域范围、集中连片耕地质量评价具有可行性,可为我国耕地质量评价提供科学依据。     

An improved algorithm for mapping burnt areas in the Mediterranean forest landscape of Morocco

The identification of burnt forests and their monitoring provide essential information for the suitable management and conservation of these ecosystems. This research focuses on the use of remote sensing with MODIS sensor data in a Mediterranean environment, precisely in the Rif region known for its high occurrence of forest fires and the largest burnt areas in Morocco. It mapped the burnt areas during the summer of 2016 using spectral indices from MODIS images, namely the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and the Burnt Area Index for MODIS (BAIM). Two field surveys were used to calibrate spectral indices and validate the maps. First, a monotemporal analysis using a single pre-fire image determined the appropriate threshold of the spectral indices (BAIM and NBR) for burn detecting. Secondly, a multitemporal method was applied based on dBAIM and dNBR images which represented pre-fire and postfire differences of the BAIM and NBR images, respectively. The results show that separate use of monotemporal postfire and multitemporal methods produced an overestimation of the burnt areas. Finally, we propose a new algorithm combining both methods for burnt area mapping that we name Burnt Area Algorithm. MCD45A1 and MCD64A1 MODIS burnt area products were compared to the proposed algorithm. Validation of the estimated burnt areas using reference data of the Moroccan High Commission for Water, Forests and Fight against Desertification showed satisfactory results using the proposed algorithm, with a determination coefficient of 0.68 and a root mean square error of 44.0 ha.     

京津冀MODIS长时序增强型植被指数拟合重建方法适用性研究

长时间序列植被指数拟合重建的结果可为植被变化动态监测及物候信息提取、生物量信息提取、农作物产量预测及面积估算、生态质量评价及生态系统碳循环研究等提供更精准、更可靠的数据来源,从而有效反映生态环境质量。MODIS EVI数据虽经过最大值合成(MVC)处理,但仍存在云、冰雪、气溶胶等噪声。该文基于Timesat软件中非对称高斯函数拟合法(AG)、双Logistic函数拟合法(DL)、SG滤波法(SG)3种方法对京津冀2001—2015年MODIS EVI时间序列数据进行拟合重建,从时间序列、空间格局两个维度,并结合数理统计方法,对比分析了不同方法的拟合效果。结果表明:噪声比与拟合重建的方法无明显相关关系。在去噪效果和保真性、拟合优度等方面,AG拟合和DL拟合整体无明显差异,在部分像元点上AG拟合表现出更好的重建效果。SG方法可以更有效的保留原始植被特征。3种方法重建后的效果表现出与地类空间分布相关的差异性。对于京津冀地区长时序数据,AG拟合在人类扰动较小的草地、森林和灌木地区域表现出更好的重建效果,SG方法在人类活动干扰更强的耕地区域重建效果更优。     

基于MODIS数据的山东省2014-2016年干旱监测分析

针对近年频发的干旱情况不能准确及时监测评估的问题,以山东省为研究区,基于温度植被干旱指数方法（TVDI）,利用S-G加权滤波对MODIS地表温度产品MOD11A2和植被指数产品MOD13A2数据进行了重建,根据重建后的数据计算2014—2016年山东省的温度植被干旱指数,在比较NDVI-LST与EVI-LST构建的温度植被指数干旱模型（TVDI）的基础上,利用效果更好的EVI-LST构建的TVDI模型反演山东省2014—2016年的干旱情况,最后利用气象站观测数据对TVDI结果进行了相关性分析。研究表明,山东省在2014—2015年全年平均干旱面积占比分别为37.62%,41.7%,2016年基本无旱情发生。气象站观测的降水、温度与TVDI的相关性均在0.32以上,且均通过显著性检验,说明植被覆盖信息和陆地表面温度信息相结合反演的TVDI空间和时间分布能够较好地反映表层土壤水分变化趋势,其作为旱情评价指标是合理的。     

基于EOS/MODIS的亚像元火情监测方法

利用对比监测卫星(Earth Observing Satellites,EOS)和中分辨率成像光谱仪(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer,MODIS)资料多波段和多空间分辨率的优势,研究了在混和像元中分解出亚像元火点,建立不同红外波段混和像元二元非线性方程表达式,利用牛顿迭代法求解亚像元火点的面积和亮度温度.通过对2002-2004年的我国西北地区典型火情进行估算,可以认为,该方法为小火点和扑灭后的余火估算提供了一种有效的途径.     

Validating a Time Series of Annual Grass Percent Cover in the Sagebrush Ecosystem

We mapped yearly (2000–2016) estimates of annual grass percent cover for much of the sagebrush ecosystem of the western United States using remotely sensed, climate, and geophysical data in regression-tree models. Annual grasses senesce and cure by early summer and then become beds of fine fuel that easily ignite and spread fire through rangeland systems. Our annual maps estimate the extent of these fuels and can serve as a tool to assist land managers and scientists in understanding the ecosystem’s response to weather variations, disturbances, and management. Validating the time series of annual maps is important for determining the usefulness of the data. To validate these maps, we compare Bureau of Land Management Assessment Inventory and Monitoring (AIM) data to mapped estimates and use a leave-one-out spatial assessment technique that is effective for validating maps that cover broad geographical extents. We hypothesize that the time series of annual maps exhibits high spatiotemporal variability because precipitation is highly variable in arid and semiarid environments where sagebrush is native, and invasive annual grasses respond to precipitation. The remotely sensed data that help drive our regression-tree model effectively measures annual grasses’ response to precipitation. The mean absolute error (MAE) rate varied depending on the validation data and technique used for comparison. The AIM plot data and our maps had substantial spatial incongruence, but despite this, the MAE rate for the assessment equaled 12.62%. The leave-one-out accuracy assessment had an MAE of 8.43%. We quantified bias, and bias was more substantial at higher percent cover. These annual maps can help management identify actions that may alleviate the current cycle of invasive grasses because it enables the assessment of the variability of annual grass ? percent cover distribution through space and time, as part of dynamic systems rather than static systems.     

呼伦贝尔草原净初级生产力时空变化及气候响应分析

为了定量评估呼伦贝尔草原的生产能力,明确气候因子对草原生物量累积过程的影响,利用近18年中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)净初级生产力(NPP)产品(MOD17A2H),结合同时期气象数据,基于像元定量分析了呼伦贝尔草原NPP的时空变化规律及其与气候因子的关系。结果表明:2000-2017年呼伦贝尔草原净初级生产力(NPP)均值为306.97 g C·m^-2, 18年来NPP变化呈波动中增加的趋势,最低值为2001年的241.60 g C·m^-2,最高值为2014年的372.10 g C·m^-2。NPP高值区(>400 g C·m^-2)分布于低地草甸;中值区(250～400 g C·m^-2)分布于山地草甸和温性草甸草原;低值区(<250 g C·m^-2)出现在呼伦贝尔西部的温性草原,不同草地类型NPP值整体变化趋势表现为:低地草甸>山地草甸>温性草甸草原>沼泽类>温性草原。呼伦贝尔草原NPP与降水的相关性高于与温度的相关性,降水是NPP积累的主要影响因子,温性草甸草原和温性草原对气候因子变化的响应总体比低地草甸和山地草甸敏感。