自动索氏-固相萃取-GC/MS测定土壤中多环芳烃方法的建立

为获得一种较为快捷、方便、准确的土壤多环芳烃分析方法,探讨了使用自动索氏-固相萃取-GC/MS的联用技术在土壤多环芳烃检测中的提取效果,并对比了前处理过程中使用分析纯溶剂与色谱纯溶剂对结果的影响,对固相萃取方法和GC/MS条件进行了优化.结果说明分析纯溶剂不适合作为萃取溶剂,选用硅胶小柱并使用正己烷,二氯甲烷(1:1)作为淋洗溶剂时效果最好,MS离子源温度在300℃以上时可以大幅度的提高对高环多环芳烃的检测限.MS检测限在0.49μg到2.53μg/kg之间,方法回收率除了萘为63.8%以外均在86.4%～119.1%之间.该方法比传统方法更为快捷,方便,更适合大量土壤样品的多环芳烃检测.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析乙螨唑在柑桔和土壤中的残留消解动态

应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)建立了乙螨唑在柑桔和土壤中残留的分析方法,并研究了田间试验条件下乙螨唑在柑桔和土壤中的消解动态。样品采用乙腈提取,硅胶柱净化,UPLC-MS/MS检测,外标法(ESTD)定量。在0.002 ~1 mg/L质量浓度范围内,乙螨唑的仪器响应值与质量浓度呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.998 9。该方法的最小检出量为6.0×10-6 μg,乙螨唑在柑桔和土壤中的最低检测浓度均为0.002 mg/kg。当乙螨唑在柑桔和土壤中的添加水平为0.002 ~1 mg/kg时,平均回收率为87.3% ~98.4%,相对标准偏差在5.5% ~8.6%之间。消解动态试验表明,乙螨唑的消解动态曲线符合一级动力学方程,在柑桔和土壤中的半衰期分别为5.6 ~7.6 d 和 5.3 ~8.6 d。     

鸡组织中泰拉霉素残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测

【目的】建立鸡血浆、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中泰拉霉素残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。【方法】制备鸡血浆、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏泰拉霉素加标样品,经乙腈提取,SCX固相萃取小柱净化后,40℃氮气吹干,用乙腈-1mL/L甲酸水溶液(体积比为1∶1)定容,Luna C18(2)色谱柱分离,以乙腈-1mL/L甲酸水溶液(体积比为90∶10)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,通过质谱分析进行外标法定量,再通过试验确定HPLC-MS/MS的检出限和定量限,并对血浆和肌肉、肝脏、肾脏分别进行10,20,50μg/L和10,20,50μg/kg 3个水平的泰拉霉素添加回收试验。【结果】在5~200μg/L血浆样品和5~200μg/kg肌肉、肝脏、肾脏样品中,泰拉霉素含量与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(R0.99),血浆和肌肉、肝脏、肾脏样品中的泰拉霉素检出限依次为0.8μg/L和0.5,0.8,0.5μg/kg,定量限依次为2.0μg/L和1.0,2.0,1.0μg/kg。添加回收试验的平均回收率为80.3%~104.4%,日内相对标准偏差为5.0%~9.2%,日间相对标准偏差为5.2%~12.7%。【结论】HPLC-MS/MS方法简便、快速、准确,可用于鸡组织中泰拉霉素药物残留的确证和定量检测。     

自动QuEChERS方法结合液相色谱串联质谱对玉米中133种农药的多残留分析

基于QuEChERS(快速、简单、廉价、高效、耐用、安全)方法,借助自动QuEChERS前处理设备,结合LC-MS/MS测定手段,建立了简单、高效的同时检测玉米中133种农药多残留分析方法——自动QuEChERS。本方法将QuEChERS提取和净化两个步骤在同一设备上一次完成,操作要求低,解放了劳动力,提高了工作效率,进一步提高了实验重现性。结果表明:所有待测农药在3个添加浓度(20、100、500μg·kg~(-1))的回收率在70%~120%之间(n=5),相对标准偏差小于15%。最低定量限达到2μg·kg~(-1),在2~500μg·kg~(-1)线性范围内,相关系数大于0.99。     

1-O-Alkylglycerol Ethers from the Marine Sponge Guitarra abbotti and Their Cytotoxic Activity

The cytotoxicity-bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract from the marine sponge Guitarra abbotti, whose 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerol ethers (AGEs) have not been investigated so far, led to the isolation of a complex lipid fraction containing, along with previously known compounds, six new lipids of the AGE type. The composition of the AGE fraction as well as the structures of 6 new and 22 previously known compounds were established using ¹H and ¹³C NMR, GC/MS, and chemical conversion methods. The new AGEs were identified as: 1-O-(Z-docos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (1), 1-O-(Z-docos-17-enyl)-sn-glycerol (2), 1-O-(Z-tricos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (3), 1-O-(Z-tricos-16-enyl)-sn-glycerol (4), 1-O-(Z-tricos-17-enyl)-sn-glycerol (5), and 1-O-(Z-tetracos-15-enyl)-sn-glycerol (6). The isolated AGEs show weak cytotoxic activity in THP-1, HL-60, HeLa, DLD-1, SNU C4, SK-MEL-28, and MDA-MB-231 human cancer cells. A further cytotoxicity analysis in JB6 P⁺ Cl41 cells bearing mutated MAP kinase genes revealed that ERK2 and JNK1 play a cytoprotective role in the cellular response to the AGE-induced cytotoxic effects.     

Feasibility of using rare earth elements (REEs) to mark and identify escaped farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.

A series of rare earth elements (REEs) were evaluated as potential markers in scales of Atlantic salmon 1⁺ and 0⁺ smolt by addition of these elements to the feed. Chlorides of 5 REEs were tested, alone or in combination: lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd) and dysprosium (Dy). The labelled‐diets contained 125 or 250 mg REE kg^?1 feed and were administered for up to 10 weeks. Fish scales were collected and analysed by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) before start, 5 and 10 weeks after labelling started and finally 2 or 4 months after marking. The results demonstrated that the five tested elements were clearly incorporated into the scales of the fish fed the supplemented diets. Uptake and concentrations increased gradually during the feeding period, and no principal differences were found between the two smolt types. Combining 2 REEs in the same feed did not affect the incorporation of either of them. After a ‘dilution’‐period of 2–4 months the concentrations of all markers (except La) in the scales of the treated‐fish were still significantly higher than those of the untreated‐fish. The background concentrations of the tested markers and some other elements were also measured and found to give interesting information.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定多杀菌素在甘蓝和土壤中的残留及消解动态

建立了高效、快速、灵敏的测定甘蓝及土壤中多杀菌素残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法,并研究了多杀菌素在甘蓝和土壤中的残留及消解动态。样品用乙腈提取,经 N -丙基乙二胺(PSA)分散固相萃取(DSPE)净化后用HPLC-MS/MS检测分析。该方法对甘蓝和土壤中多杀菌素的检出限(LOD)为6×10-12 g,定量限(LOQ)为0.005 mg/kg;在0.005~0.5 mg/kg添加水平下,多杀菌素在甘蓝中的平均回收率为87% ~95%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为6% ~10%,在土壤中的平均回收率为86% ~100%, RSD 为4% ~8%。2011年北京、安徽和湖南 3地的消解动态研究结果表明,多杀菌素在甘蓝和土壤中的消解符合一级反应动力学方程,半衰期分别为0.83~1.16 d和0.88~1.17 d。2011年和2012年的最终残留试验结果表明,在推荐剂量和1.5倍推荐剂量(有效成分26.25 和39.38 g/hm2)下,在甘蓝长至成果的1/2大小时施药2~3次,距末次药后1 d时甘蓝中多杀菌素的残留量远低于我国制定的最大残留限量(MRL)标准2.0 mg/kg。     

Qualitative modifications of humic acid-like and core-humic acid-like during high-rate composting of pig faeces amended with wheat straw

Humic acid-like (HA-like) and core-humic acid-like (core-HA-like) were characterized during the high-rate composting process by CP-MAS ¹³C NMR, pyrolysis-gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry (MS), and elemental analysis. Results obtained indicated that humification proceeded through a relative concentration of aromatic fractions due to the faster degradation of the O-alkyl and alkyl fractions. Core-HA-like, after purification of the parent material, showed a large reduction of the O-alkyl fraction in terms of HA-like. We concluded that HA-like consisted of refractory organic molecules, such as lignin and biopolymers, which formed a stable structure (core-HA-like) coated with degradable material associated with the core by weak physical association, ether or ester bounds.     

黄瓜根分泌物中的7,8-苯并黄酮及其对枯萎病发生的影响

分别提取黄瓜枯萎病感病品种津研4号和抗病品种中农10号的根分泌物,感病品种根分泌物甲醇提取液能够刺激枯萎病菌的菌丝生长,而抗病品种根分泌物甲醇提取液则抑制病原菌生长。利用LC-MS/MS技术分别对感病品种和抗病品种根分泌物中的差异物质进行分析鉴定。与感病品种津研4号相比,抗病品种中农10号根分泌物中含有7,8-苯并黄酮(7,8-BF),含量为0.02μg/株。50μg/mL的7,8-BF能够显著抑制黄瓜枯萎病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发,而100μg/mL的7,8-BF能显著抑制抗感品种侧根形成,但是抗病品种的耐受力高于感病品种。用7,8-BF处理黄瓜种子,枯萎病侵染程度显著降低。当7,8-苯并黄酮浓度为50μg/mL时,感病品种病情指数从71.7降为30.8,达到中抗水平。     

甜菜遗传单粒型多倍体杂交种九甜单一号的选育

九甜单一号系采用单粒二倍体雄不育系九三ＭＳＡ－１为母本，多粒四倍体授粉系ＧＷ６５－３为父本配制而成的遗传单位型多倍体杂交种。经生产试验鉴定，其稚产量、含糖率、产糖量分别比对照品种甜研３０１提高１６．５％、０．６８度、２１．４５％。该品种丰产性突出、含糖率稳定、抗病性强，适宜大面积机械化精量点播和纸筒有苗移栽，属丰产型甜菜品种。