Identification and use of a wild plant with antimicrobial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum, the cause of bacterial wilt of potato

Fresh aerial tissue and roots of 14 wild plants in Okinawa prefecture were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum , which causes bacterial wilt of potato. A 70% aqueous ethanol extract of fresh aerial tissue of Geranium carolinianum L. showed strong antimicrobial activity against R. solanacearum . This extract also showed antimicrobial activity against the pathogens causing common scab of potato and soil rot of sweet potato. The antimicrobial substance could be extracted with hot water, and was effective against R. solanacearum in soil. In the field test, a treatment combining incorporation of dried aerial tissue into the soil and solarization was highly effective for control of bacterial wilt of potato. These findings suggest that G. carolinianum L. could be used as a biological agent for the control of bacterial wilt of potato.     

Expression of the tobacco β-1,3-glucanase gene, PR-2d, following induction of SAR with Peronospora tabacina

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is induced following inoculation of Peronospora tabacina sporangia into the stems of Nicotiana tabacum plants highly susceptible to the pathogen. Previous results have shown that accumulation of acidic β-1,3-glucanases (PR-2's) following induction of SAR by P. tabacina may contribute to resistance to P. tabacina. We showed that up-regulation of the PR-2 gene, PR-2d, following stem inoculation with P. tabacina, is associated with SAR. Studies using plants transformed with GUS constructs containing the full length promoter from PR-2d or promoter deletions, provided evidence that a previously characterized regulatory element that is involved in response to salicylic acid (SA), may be involved in regulation of PR-2d following induction of SAR with P. tabacina. This work provides evidence that regulation of PR-2 genes during P. tabacina-induced SAR may be similar to regulation of these genes during infection of N-gene tobacco by TMV or following exogenous application of SA, and provides further support for the role of SA in regulation of genes during P. tabacina-induced SAR.     

Spread of potato virus Y in potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) with different levels of sensitivity

The aim of this work was to correlate the appearance of the symptoms, multiplication and spread of virus after mechanical inoculation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars showing different levels of susceptibility and sensitivity to Potato virus Y^NTN (PVY^NTN). The potato cultivars used were the resistant cultivar Sante and susceptible cultivars Igor, Pentland squire and Désirée. The spread of the virus PVY^NTN in infected plants was monitored using different methods: DAS-ELISA, tissue printing, immuno-serological electron microscopy and real-time PCR. In all three susceptible cultivars, the virus was detected in the inoculated leaves 4–5 days after inoculation. From there virus spread rapidly, first into the stem, then more or less simultaneously to the upper leaves and roots. Real-time PCR was shown to be very sensitive and enabled viral RNA to be detected in non-inoculated leaves of susceptible cultivar Igor earlier than other methods. Therefore, for exact studies of plant–virus interaction, a combination of methods which detect viruses on the basis of their different properties (coat protein, morphology or RNA) should be used to monitor the spread of viruses.     

青蒿有效成分的提取方法筛选

为筛选出安全、方便、高效、省时的青蒿有效成分的提取方法,研究利用建立的高效液相色谱方法来评价超声波法、微波辅助法和恒温加热搅拌法对青蒿素的提取效果。结果显示超声波法提取青蒿素的含量为0.4489 mg/g,微波辅助法提取青蒿素的含量为0.2676 mg/g,恒温加热搅拌法提取青蒿素的含量为0.1589 mg/g。试验表明:利用超声波法提取青蒿素效果最佳,超声波提取可促进青蒿有效成分的释放。     

鹰嘴豆籽粒贮藏蛋白双向电泳的研究

以鹰嘴豆为材料,通过对样品制备、电泳条件的优化,建立其籽粒贮藏蛋白的双向电泳技术,并通过电泳图谱的分析,了解贮藏蛋白等电点和相对分子质量的分布情况．结果表明,经考马斯亮蓝染色获得贮藏蛋白斑点约380个,等电点范围在pH4．0～8．0,其中大部分集中在pH6．0～7．0;鹰嘴豆籽粒贮藏蛋白质的相对分子质量为11000．120000,表现出2个分布峰,一个在30000～40000,另一个在50000～60000;鹰嘴豆与大豆籽粒贮藏蛋白的分子质量和等电点分布基本相似．     

冻藏水产品蛋白质变化与控制措施研究进展

冷冻贮藏是水产品的保藏方法之一,相比于其他保藏手段,冻藏的低温条件能对水产品的品质起到较好的保护,因而成为目前最常使用的一种保藏方法。但由于温度的变化以及低温下水产品自身组织结构的破坏,冻藏过程中不可避免地伴随着水产品品质的一系列变化,如脂质氧化、蛋白质冷冻变性、质构变化等。本文综述了冷冻贮藏对水产品肌原纤维蛋白特性的影响,包括蛋白质冷冻变性的影响因素、冻藏条件下肌原纤维蛋白理化性质的变化、蛋白质冷冻变性的机理,并总结了一些控制蛋白质冷冻变性的方法和措施,旨在为水产品中冻藏技术的应用以及低温对肌原纤维蛋白特性影响的研究提供参考。     

BNS和BNS366小麦雄性不育与内源激素的关系

【目的】研究BNS和BNS366小麦雄性不育与小孢子发生过程中内源激素含量变化的关系,为激素调控温光敏雄性不育小麦花粉育性提供理论依据。【方法】选用BNS和BNS366为试验材料,分别以矮抗58和郑麦366(BNS366的近等基因系)为对照,进行正常秋季播种(2018年10月10日)和晚播(2018年12月2日)试验,用I2-KI法测定花粉育性,用国内法和国际法测定自交结实率,采用间接酶联免疫法测定雌雄蕊原基分化期-三核期叶片、雌雄蕊原基分化期-四分体期幼穗和单核中位期-三核期花药中6种内源激素的含量。【结果】在正常秋季播种条件下,BNS和BNS366花粉可育率、国内法自交结实率和国际法自交结实率均为零,达到全不育水平,在晚播条件下,BNS的这三个指标分别为34.74%、43.12%和48.48%,达到低不育水平,BNS366则分别为92.63%、55.37%和67.94%,达到正常可育水平,播种期间差异均达到极显著水平;矮抗58和郑麦366在2种播期条件下,则为82.56%—94.00%、73.90%—82.31%和96.54%—139.26%,均为正常可育,播种期间差异不显著;BN...     

番茄匍柄霉叶斑病拮抗细菌的筛选与鉴定

应用平板对峙法从连作多年的番茄根际土样中筛选得到对番茄匍柄霉叶斑病具有较强拮抗活性的细菌菌株ZF161,该菌株对番茄匍柄霉的平板抑制率达到70.51%。离体叶片试验显示,菌株ZF161对番茄匍柄霉叶斑病防治效果达到69.83%。通过菌落形态观察、生理生化特性、Biolog测定和多基因系统发育树综合分析,鉴定菌株ZF161为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)。番茄盆栽试验结果表明,菌株ZF161对番茄匍柄霉叶斑病的防治效果达到63.27%。进一步平板对峙抑菌谱试验结果显示,菌株ZF161对其他7种病原真菌也具有较好的抑制效果。上述结果说明,菌株ZF161对番茄匍柄霉叶斑病具有良好的防治效果,且对多种病原真菌也具有抑制作用,具有开发应用的潜力。     

小麦新品种宛麦206及新型核不育系在育种实践中的利用

针对河南南部独特的气候特性,满足以南阳邓州、唐河、新野地区为代表河南南部长江中下游麦区对高产多抗小麦新品种的需求,南阳市科学院以矮秆、大粒且综合抗性好的自育核不系改良材料宛120261为母本,以高产广适抗赤霉病的天民198为父本进行杂交,采用系谱法选育出高产多抗早熟小麦新品种宛麦206,于2023年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定（豫审麦20230021）。宛麦206中感条锈病、白粉病和纹枯病,高感叶锈病和赤霉病;籽粒角质大粒,商品性好。着重介绍宛麦206主要特征特性、产量、品质、栽培技术及新型核不育系在育种中的利用。