薄皮甜瓜新品种白玉满堂的选育

白玉满堂是中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所近期育成的白皮白肉类薄皮甜瓜优良杂交一代品种。果皮白色,果肉白色,果实圆梨形。主要特征为成熟较早(果实发育期28~33 d),品质较优(肉质脆,中心可溶性固形物含量较高,为13.1%~14.8%),果实大小适中(单果质量0.38~0.44 kg),田间抗性表现较好,适应地区较广。2010年10月通过国家甜瓜新品种鉴定。     

Promotion of the seed germination and seedling growth of cabbage by root-colonizing fungi isolated from oat and Eucalyptus roots

(Jpn. J. Soil Sci.Plant Nutr., 77, 257–263, 2006)
The symptom of blighted leaves was observed for the melon plants grown on an isolated soil bed after steam sterilization (SS) in a greenhouse in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. To clarify the causes of this symptom, soil and plant analyses were conducted in the first experiment. Manganese concentrations in the leaves with the symptom were higher than 1,000 mg kg−1and exchangeable Mn in the soil was higher than 30 mg kg−1, which indicated the observed symptom was due to Mn excess. In the second experiment, formation of Mn oxide-dissolving substances after SS was examined for several organic amendments, because large amounts of palm chips had been supplied to the soil before SS in the first experiment. As a treatment similar to SS, palm chips, bark compost, and cattle feces manure were autoclaved. The water extracts were collected before and after the autoclave treatment and the Mn oxide-dissolving capacities of the extracts were evaluated. The Mn oxide-dissolving capacity of the water extracts after SS was remarkably higher than before SS, and the value was highest in palm chips, and followed by bark compost, and cattle feces manure. Fractionation and HPLC analysis of the water extracts after SS revealed that the main substance behind Mn oxide reduction in palm tips was arabinose and that in bark manure was malic acid. Further, Mn oxide-dissolving capacities of the water extracts were almost completely explained by the amounts of arabinose or malic acid found in these materials. From these results, it was considered that reducing substances such as arabinose were released by SS from the palm chips which had been applied in large quantity before SS and these reducing substances dissolved the soil Mn oxides and increased the amounts of available Mn, which led to the occurrence of Mn toxicity to the plants.     

钾肥对籽瓜产量与效益的影响

试验采用土壤养分状况系统研究法，根据土壤养分状况研究钾对籽瓜与瓜籽的经济性状、瓜籽产量及效益的影响。结果表明，施钾改善了籽瓜的单瓜重、单瓜瓜籽重、单瓜产籽数、产籽率、瓜籽百粒重、纵、横径及出仁率；施钾提高了籽瓜产量，与不施钾比较，施钾后，瓜籽产量增加157～230kg/hm^2，增产幅度9．2％～13．5％；施钾提高了籽瓜的产值与纯收入，与不施钾相比，施钾后，新增加产值942～1375元／hm^2，新增加纯收入818—1104元／hm^2，边际效益分析结果表明，籽瓜最高产量与最大利润的钾用量为135kg/hm^2。     

复合微生物拮抗菌剂的研制及其在大棚甜瓜生产中的应用

从甜瓜大棚土壤中筛选出菌株FP2,它可有效抑制甜瓜白粉病病原菌、甜瓜枯萎病病原菌、甜瓜疫病病原菌和甜瓜霜霉病病原菌的生长,通过形态学、生理生化和分子生物学研究,FP2被鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。为增强该菌株的拮抗能力,用He-Ne激光诱变FP2,得到拮抗活性强且传代最稳定的突变株FP27和FP29,经发酵后将其按1∶1的比例制备成复合接抗菌剂。将复合拮抗菌剂和实验室前期生产的生化黄腐酸菌肥进行复配,首次研发出大棚甜瓜专用的生化黄腐酸复合微生物菌肥。将该菌肥应用于大棚甜瓜的生物防治,结果表明,该菌肥可有效防治大棚甜瓜各类病害的发生,甜瓜长势良好,含糖量高,具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。     

华南地区瓜实蝇田间种群的抗药性监测

【目的】明确华南地区瓜实蝇 Bactrocera cucurbitae 对常用杀虫剂的抗药性,为我国瓜实蝇的防治提供科学依据.【方法】于2013年6—10月采集了广州、湛江、茂名、清远、南宁、长沙、无锡等地瓜实蝇田间种群,并用药膜法监测了其对敌百虫、氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、阿维菌素、多杀霉素的抗性.【结果和结论】所监测地区中,广州和无锡种群对敌百虫抗性倍数为2.03和2.14,湛江种群对甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐抗性倍数为2.69,仍处于敏感水平,其余地区种群对6种药剂均达到了低水平或中等水平抗性.     

恩肥在甜瓜生产中的应用

1.恩肥的性质与作用恩肥—土壤营养精(N—FIX·S)是美国发明、澳大利亚定型生产并在北美洲和大洋洲大面积应用的一种适合于各种土壤和植物的新型有机无机复合肥料。它是通过科学配方、经过发酵和溶解等化学工艺生产制作而成的高效浓缩液肥,其主要成份有多糖、单糖、氨基酸、酯、酶、维生素、矿物质、(?)、磷、钾和多种微量元素,施用恩肥后土壤中微生物数量和活力以及蠕虫总群量增加,通过与     

温室甜瓜秸秆生物反应堆栽培技术应用与示范

为加快西甜瓜新品种配套栽培技术在天津地区的示范、推广,天津市静海县种植业发展服务中心结合本地区设施甜瓜生产实践经验,与天津科润农业科技股份有限公司蔬菜研究所达成共识,在引进的雪龙、甜九、白元首厚皮甜瓜品种上,综合实施农业秸秆生物反应堆技术栽培技术,力求实现设施栽培厚皮甜瓜节本增效,高产优质化生产。     

低温弱光胁迫对甜瓜幼苗生长及生理指标的影响

以北方地区3个主栽甜瓜品种为材料,研究了低温弱光对甜瓜幼苗生长和生理指标的影响。结果表明,低温弱光胁迫下,甜瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积等形态指标迅速降低,分别比正常温光处理(CK)减少16.7%～20.0%、10.0%～13.5%和21.5%～20.2%,植株鲜质量和干质量分别比CK降低39.4%～51.7%和30.9%～45.1%,根冠比减少,幼苗的根系活力和叶绿素含量分别比对CK降低21.3%～42.4%和31.7%～41.5%,MDA含量明显上升。3个处理中,以低温弱光处理对甜瓜幼苗生长及生理指标影响最为明显。3个品种中,白兰瓜和黄河蜜的低温弱光耐性优于玉金香。