谷物及土壤中氟虫腈残留分析方法研究

本文报道了稻米、小麦、玉米等谷物及水稻秸秆和土壤中氟虫腈残留量检测方法。样品采用乙腈为提取溶剂,超声波振荡提取,谷物及秸秆提取液经柱层析净化,采用气相色谱电子俘获检测器检测。在0.01～0.5mg/kg的添加浓度范围内,氟虫腈的平均回收率在80.60%～99.66%之间,相对标准偏差低于9%,最小检测浓度为0.01mg/kg。方法的灵敏度与准确度符合农药残留分析要求。     

Fusarium solani Upregulated Sesquiterpene Synthase Expression,Sesquiterpene Production and Allelopathic Activity in Piper betle L.

Activators of sesquiterpene synthase (STS) gene expression and sesquiterpene production in Piper betle L. were examined using quantitative real time PCR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods, and the allelopathic activity of untreated and Fusarium solani-treated betel extracts was tested on seed germination and on the shoot and root growth of Thai rice variety PSL2 (Oryza sativa cv. Phitsanulok 2) and three dominant paddy weeds (Eclipta prostrata, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chloris barbata). The results demonstrated that F. solani dramatically upregulated STS expression and productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpene when compared with the untreated control, and that betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice. The effects were more clearly detected on seed germination and root growth than on shoot growth, and they were found to be dose-dependent. It is also noted that F. solani-treated extract had stronger effects than the untreated extract. The species most sensitive to the allelopathic effects was C. barbata, germination of which was completely inhibited even at a dose of 0.1 mg/mL untreated extract. With regards to rice, although betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination, it affected the elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weeds. The obtained data suggested that F. solani has potential as an activator of sesquiterpene allelochemical production via STS expression, the latter leading to the treated betel extract having a stronger phytotoxic effect. These results were beneficial in the promotion of natural herbicide production using biotechnology.     

茶树咖啡碱合成酶CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑载体的构建

CRISPR/Cas9技术是一门新兴的基因组定点编辑技术,具有操作简单、高效的优点,可轻松实现对目标基因的敲除、替换和定点突变等操作。该技术刚诞生,就受到了全球生命科学领域研究者的关注,不到3年的时间就已经成功应用于多种动、植物当中。然而CRISPR/Cas9技术在茶树中的应用面临载体构建问题,本文以茶树咖啡碱合成酶为例,联合采用常规PCR、Overlapping PCR和Golden Gate Cloning技术,构建了包含茶树咖啡碱合成酶双靶点的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑载体,为CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因组编辑技术在茶树中的应用奠定了坚实基础。     

林木生长与养分动态模型研究Ⅲ.生长方程的假设与前提

结合实例对吴和胡提出的杉木直径、高和蓄积生长方程的基本假设和边界条件进行了详细的说明和论证,并在直径和高生长方程的基础上给出了杉木径高比系数的动态方程．径高比系数随树龄增长而递减的规律表明杉木直径和高的生长速率递减存在不同步现象,产生这一现象的主要原因是林木生长的平面限制效应大于高度限制效应,因此,森林蓄积增长的主要限制因子是树木的直径生长速率．     

中国亚热带两种竹林凋落物输入量、凋落物分解和养分释放动态

Bamboos are one of the fast-growing and multiple use species in the world, and thus bamboo forests/plantations play an important role in C sequestration at regional and global levels. We studied aboveground litterfall, litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics for two years in two subtropical bamboo ecosystems in Southwest China so as to test the hypothesis that litter quality determine the rate and nutrient dynamics during decomposition of different litter fractions. Mean annual total aboveground litter production ranged from 494 to 434 g m-2 in two bamboo stands （P stand, dominated by Pleioblastus amarus and H stand, hybrid bamboo dominated by Bambusa pervariabilis x Dendrocalamopsis daii）. Bulk （-80%） of litter production was contributed by leaf litter in two stands followed by twigs and sheathes. Different litter fractions represented considerable variations in the rates of mass loss and nutrient release. Variation of the mass remaining after 2 years of decomposition was significantly explained by initial C/N ratio and initial P concentration. Initial concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg explained 57.9%, 95.0%, 99.8% and 98.1%, respectively, of the variations of these elements mass remaining after 2 years of decomposition. The patterns of nutrient dynamics and the final amount remaining were mainly determined by their initial litter substrate quality in tl~ese two subtropical bamboo plantations.     

稗叶枯菌及其毒素的研究——Ⅱ.病菌寄主范围和对稗的致病性

病原菌孢子悬浮液经人工接种可侵染稗、高梁、玉米和大麦,但不侵染水稻、小麦和小米.病菌的培养滤液稀释液对稗、高粱、小米表现毒性,对水稻、小麦、玉米、大麦不表现毒性.用培养滤液配成的孢子悬浮液接种2叶期稗苗.10d 后最高死苗率为60.5%,病情指数为86.63.     

日粮不同NFC/NDF比对奶山羊血液参数的影响

为研究不同NFC/NDF比日粮对奶山羊血液参数的影响,选用3只(30～35 kg)安装有瘤胃瘘管的关中奶山羊,采用自身对照试验法,饲喂非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维比(NFC/NDF)分别为1.02(Ⅰ组)、1.24(Ⅱ组)、1.63(Ⅲ组)、2.58(Ⅳ组)的4种日粮.结果表明:血液的pH、碳酸氢根(HCO-3)含量、碱剩余(BE)、标准碳酸氢盐(SBC)均以Ⅳ组最低,饲喂后6 h显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P＜0.05);二氧化碳分压以Ⅳ组最高,各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05);随日粮NFC/NDF水平增加,血清K 呈降低趋势(P＞0.05),Ca2 、Cl-含量变化不明显,Na 、阴离子间隙呈上升趋势(P＞0.05),均处于正常变动范围内;在本试验条件下,亚急性瘤胃酸中毒未显著影响血液的酸碱平衡.     

微波辅助-顶空固相微萃取法分析大叶桉叶片挥发油化学成分

[目的]快速分析贵州产大叶桉叶片中挥发油化学成分。[方法]应用微波辅助-顶空固相微萃取法提取大叶桉叶片挥发油,同时应用气相色谱-质谱法结合色谱保留指数法对化学成分进行定性定量分析。[结果]在大叶桉叶片中确定出35个组分,其相对含量分数占挥发油总质量的98.840%,主要成分是桉油精（35.480%）、[1aR-（1a.α.,4a.α.,7.α.,7a.β.,7b.α.）]-脱氢-1,1,7-三甲基-4-亚甲基-1氢-环丙[e]甘菊环（12.110%）、对-（孟）-1-烯-8-醇（7.966%）、α-蒎烯（6.187%）等组分。[结论]微波辅助-顶空固相微萃取法操作简便、快速,提取时间能够缩短到4.0min,整个分析周期在1.5h内完成,能够应用于植物挥发油化学成分的快速分析。     

平菇对不同碳氮比麦草培养料的物质转化研究

研究平菇在不同C/N比麦草培养料中的物质转化结果表明:麦草栽培平菇后,C/N比值普遍下降。下降幅度随C/N比增加,下降趋势与干物质损失一致。干物质转化为菇体以C/N比50～60:1最高,而N素的利用率则以C/N比70:1左右最高。在平菇栽培过程中N的损失与培养料的C/N比大小呈负相关。