1-MCP复合杀菌剂对西州蜜甜瓜常温贮藏品质的影响

为了探究不同保鲜剂复合杀菌剂对甜瓜的保鲜效果,以西州蜜甜瓜为试验材料,研究了抑霉唑硫酸盐、ClO₂、咪鲜胺、1-MCP、1-MCP复合抑霉唑硫酸盐和无菌水对甜瓜常温贮藏下品质的影响。结果表明,与对照无菌水相比,所有保鲜剂均可显著抑制甜瓜采后腐烂与失重,维持果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量,提升贮藏品质。1-MCP与1-MCP复合杀菌剂处理可显著抑制西州蜜果实的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率,呼吸峰值较对照无菌水分别降低43.7%和37.5%,乙烯释放峰值较对照无菌水分别降低47.9%和53.7%,呼吸峰值和乙烯释放峰值出现时间均推迟3 d。其中1-MCP复合杀菌剂对果实可滴定酸和Vc含量保持效果显著,与对照无菌水相比,可滴定酸含量提高40.0%,Vc含量提高38.2%,对西州蜜甜瓜的保鲜效果最好。     

不同药剂和包装处理对甜樱桃生理、品质及贮藏性的影响

研究了不同药剂和包装处理对贮藏期间甜樱桃果实生理和品质变化的影响。试验结果表明，包装和药剂处理组合对控制果实腐烂，保持果实硬度和颜色，减缓维生素Ｃ和可滴定酸含量的下降速率，抑制乙烯和乙醇生成都具有较明显的效果。但是药剂和包装处理并不影响贮藏期间果实可溶性固形物的含量。生物 １号药剂与 ０．０４ ｍｍ厚加有ＴＢＺ的聚乙烯塑料薄膜袋配合对减缓果实衰老，减少果实腐烂和保持果实品质的效果最好。     

不同药剂对榆林地区马铃薯产量及病害的影响

试验以‘克新1号’脱毒原种为材料,设置7个处理,分别为处理1(辛菌胺)、处理2(噻霉酮+代森锰锌)、处理3(枯草芽孢杆菌)、处理4(寡雄腐霉菌)、处理5(五氯硝基苯+氟啶胺)、处理6(77%氢氧化铜)和处理7(空白对照),通过研究不同药剂对马铃薯产量及病害的影响,旨在为控制榆林地区马铃薯病害的发生提供理论依据。结果表明：不同药剂处理对马铃薯株高、单株块茎数、单株块茎重和产量影响不显著,对马铃薯商品薯率和发病率影响显著,以发病率和产量为主要考核指标,处理4(寡雄腐霉菌)和处理5(五氯硝基苯+氟啶胺)效果较好,可在榆林地区使用。     

新型杀菌剂对甜瓜白粉病防效试验初报

对80%成标、25%秀特乳油、25%阿米西达、50%翠贝和30%特富灵5种新型杀菌剂,进行防治甜瓜白粉病防效对比试验。试验结果表明,30%特富灵和25%的秀特防治甜瓜白粉病效果好、成本低。     

8种药剂防治大白菜根肿病田间药效试验比较

在陕西太白县进行8种药剂防治大白菜根肿病的田间防效试验。试验结果表明,福帅得(氟啶胺)悬浮剂防治大白菜根肿病的防效最高,为89.92%,其次是BJYT悬浮剂和科佳(氰霜唑)悬浮剂,防效分别是88.78%和86.84%。这3种药剂为本次试验中防治大白菜根肿病效果较好的药剂,可以在生产中推广应用。     

Effects of Fungicide and Rate of Application on the Development of Isolates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Polyscytalum pustulans</Emphasis> Resistant to Thiabendazole and on the Control of Skin Spot

Resistance to thiabendazole, sometimes of varying degrees, has occurred in a number of fungal species causing diseases of potato tubers, including skin spot caused by Polyscytalum pustulans. The effect of applying a range of concentrations of thiabendazole, imazalil or a formulated mixture of thiabendazole and imazalil on the development of isolates of P. pustulans partially or fully resistant to thiabendazole and on the control of skin spot over a number of successive generations of seed potato multiplication was examined in a series of experiments over 3 years. Seed tubers were inoculated with a sensitive, partially resistant or fully resistant isolate in the first year of an experiment and combinations of fungicide and a range of concentrations were applied to the seed tubers annually before planting over two or three successive generations. Immersing seed tubers inoculated with the partially resistant isolate in a relatively high concentration of thiabendazole, 0.7 g a.i. l^-1, did not result in the development of fully resistant isolates. Moreover, the effect of all fungicides in controlling eye contamination and skin spot did not differ between partially and fully resistant isolates. For seed tubers inoculated with the sensitive isolate, applying thiabendazole resulted in the occurrence of resistant isolates on first-generation daughter tubers, but the effect of fungicide concentration on the frequency of resistant isolates, partially or fully resistant, was inconsistent. In one experiment, the highest frequency of resistance was found at the greatest concentration, 0.4 g a.i. l^-1, but, in the second experiment, the frequency was unaffected by the concentration of thiabendazole. On second-generation daughter tubers derived from thiabendazole-treated seed tubers, virtually all isolates were resistant and the frequency of partially and fully resistant isolates was similar to that in the first generation. Applying a mixture of thiabendazole and imazalil to seed tubers inoculated with a sensitive isolate resulted in the development of some resistant isolates in the first year but the frequency did not generally increase with successive applications of the mixture. A mixture of thiabendazole and imazalil, and imazalil alone gave similar control of eye contamination when applied at equivalent concentrations. However, increasing the concentration of imazalil from 0.1 to 0.7 g imazalil l^-1 did result in an increasing impairment of plant growth, but the deposits achieved within that range of concentrations were greater than that recommended by the manufacturer. These results demonstrate that control of P. pustulans by thiabendazole, imazalil and a mixture of thiabendazole and imazalil applied at a range of concentrations was similar for isolates partially or fully resistant to thiabendazole.     

Application of fungicides to reduce yield loss in anthracnose-infected lupins

A range of fungicides were evaluated for control of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lupini) in lupin. Glasshouse investigation identified fungicides that reduced disease severity with varying degrees of efficacy. When applied 1 d prior to infection, azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, mancozeb and copper oxychloride fungicides were highly effective. Systemic fungicides such as tebuconazole, benomyl and carbendazim were less effective. Application timing was important; fungicides such as chlorothalonil and mancozeb were less effective when applied 5 d prior to infection compared with 1 d prior. Application after infection was ineffective for all fungicides. In field experiments application of azoxystrobin, mancozeb or chlorothalonil during flowering and podding reduced incidence of anthracnose infection on pods. Yield responses occurred in moderately susceptible, moderately resistant or resistant cultivars. Seed infection was reduced but not eradicated. Application of foliar fungicides for anthracnose control is potentially a viable management option for lupin production in high anthracnose risk areas of Western Australia.     

四种杀菌剂对绿色木霉及平菇菌丝生长的影响

采用二倍稀释法测定了甲基托布津等 4种常用杀菌剂对绿色木霉 (Trichodermaviride)和平菇菌丝生长的影响。结果表明 ,不同浓度的杀菌剂对绿色木霉和平菇菌丝生长的抑制作用不同。其中 ,菌毒清对绿色木霉及平菇菌丝生长均有强烈的抑制作用 ,1 2 8μg/ml即完全抑制两种菌丝生长 ;甲基托布津在 2 56μg/ml的浓度下能完全抑制绿色木霉菌丝生长 ,对平菇菌丝生长影响不明显 ,可以作为拌料剂在生产中应用。多菌灵、克霉灵抑制绿色木霉效果较差。     

5种药剂对油茶炭疽病的防治效果研究

[目的]研究5种药剂对油茶炭疽病的防治效果,以筛选出能有效防治油茶炭疽病的杀菌剂。[方法]测定了1%波尔多液、50%多菌灵500倍液、75%百菌清600倍液、80%代森锰锌700倍液和70%甲基硫菌灵800倍液对油茶炭疽病的防治效果。[结果]1%波尔多液和80%代森锰锌的防治效果达75.00%,50%多菌灵和75%百菌清的防效为69.14%;70%甲基硫菌灵的防效欠佳,仅为14.81%,与其他4种药剂存在极显著差异;1%波尔多液喷施后,药剂在叶片上的附着期长,防治效果最好。[结论]1%波尔多液是防治油茶炭疽病的最佳方案。