Spring Barley Responses to Row Spacing and Fungicide Triadimefon in Regions with a Short Crop-growing Season

Aspects of intensive management practices such as high-yielding cultivars, narrow-row spacings and fungicide treatments could potentially increase cereal yields in regions with a short crop-growing season and occasionally dry and hot weather. A field experiment was carried out at McGill University, Canada for three years (1987 to 1989) to test the effects of triadimefon (1-[4-chlorophenoxy]-3,3-dimethyl-1-[1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-2-butanone, or Bayleton, a trade name) fungicide (0 vs. 140 g a.i. ha⁻¹) and row spacing (10 vs. 20 cm) on the yield components, yield and other agronomic traits (spike emergence, days to maturity, leaf disease and plant height) of spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Cadette, Laurier and Leger. A cultivar by row spacing interaction resulted in a 11 to 13.5 % increase in grain yield due to narrow rows for Laurier in two out of the three years and up to 16 % for Leger in one year. Over the three years grain yields were on average increased 6 to 12 % due to use of the narrower row spacing. Fungicide application to barley at the early heading stage effectively controlled leaf diseases without influence on yield components or grain yield. Our results indicate that some components of intensive management such as narrow row spacing can be applicable in regions with a short crop-growing season.     

杀菌剂多菌灵在桑叶中的消解动态研究

多菌灵(carbendazim)是家蚕微粒子病的防治药物。将50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂分别稀释至1000和500倍药液后喷洒桑树,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测桑叶中多菌灵的残留和消解动态。结果表明:桑树喷洒稀释1000倍的多菌灵药液后,桑叶中药物的消解动态方程为Ct=4.5339e-0.2215t,药物的半衰期T1/2=3.13d;喷洒稀释500倍的多菌灵药液后,桑叶中药物的消解动态方程为Ct=6.0527e-0.1030t,药物的半衰期T1/2=6.73d。多菌灵在桑叶中的残留与消解动态显示低浓度(稀释1000倍)的药液在桑叶中的降解更快,所以建议生产上适当采用高浓度药液喷施桑树,并根据相应的药物消解动态数据确定桑叶采摘时期,以保证家蚕食下药叶对微粒子病的防治效果。     

稻瘟病大面积综合防治技术的研究

 在稻瘟病菌抗药性研究基础上,进一步查明影响田间防效的六大因素。依据病菌、作物、环境条件三者之间相互影响、制约的密切关系,制定以品种、合理密植、施肥、管水等农业栽培技术为主,辅以科学、合理应用化学保护的一套综合防治措施,对不同地区、不同年份病害严重地区,连续多年进行综合防治,都取得较好的大面积防治效果。损失率降低到1%左右。     

7种杀菌剂对人参黑斑病菌的抑菌活性研究

[目的]筛选对人参黑斑病菌有较强抑菌活性的杀菌剂。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法,测试对比7种杀菌剂在不同浓度梯度条件下对人参黑斑病菌的室内抑菌活性。[结果]室内抑菌活性测定结果表明,7种杀菌剂在各自供试的不同浓度处理间均有显著差异;毒力测定结果表明世高的EC50值最小(0.61 mg/L),其次为链霉素和克菌丹,EC50值均小于100 mg/L。[结论]该研究结果为进一步田间药效试验奠定了理论基础。     

Economics of foliar fungicides for hard red winter wheat in the USA southern Great Plains

Grain yields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the southern Great Plains are often reduced by the presence of foliar diseases. This study was conducted to determine whether the application of foliar fungicides is an economically optimal management strategy. The effects of fungicide treatment on commercially available hard red winter wheat varieties with differing levels of genetic resistance (i.e., resistant, intermediate, and susceptible) to foliar diseases were investigated at two locations, Apache and Lahoma, OK, USA, for the harvest years 2005–2012. Two fungicides were rotated between the two locations and applied at approximately Feekes growth stage 9–10.5. When averaged across years, plots to which fungicide was applied generated greater average net returns than plots that did not receive fungicide for susceptible varieties at Apache, and for resistant, intermediate, and susceptible varieties at Lahoma. However, foliar fungicide application was not economical in every year at either location suggesting fungicide use should be reassessed each year given that profitability depends on year specific yield potential, prices, and foliar disease conditions. At both locations high disease incidence occurred in all but one site-year when the average March through May relative humidity exceeded 65%. Additional research would be required to determine the relationship between weather, including relative humidity, and disease incidence, and to develop an economic threshold for treatment decision aid.     

甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂复配专利技术现状分析

从复配对象、申请量年代分布、申请区域分布、申请人分布等对国内外包含甲氧基丙烯酸酯类化合物相关的复配专利进行检索分析,指出了该领域的研究焦点和方向,并提出了国内相关领域机构或企业的研究方向及建议.     

几种贮藏方式对采后哈密瓜生理及贮藏品质的影响

[目的]研究几种贮藏方式对采后哈密瓜生理及贮藏品质的影响.[方法]以新疆哈密瓜西州密17号为试材,采用2～4、4～6、6～8、8～10℃4个贮藏温度下的杀菌剂、1-MCP、杀菌剂复合1-MCP技术对哈密瓜进行采后处理,定期测定哈密瓜采后贮藏期间的各项品质指标.研究几种贮藏方式对采后哈密瓜果实可溶性固形物、硬度、电导率、丙二醛（MDA）含量及POD、SOD与CAT酶活性等的影响.[结果]不同采后处理中,6～8℃条件下贮藏、采后杀菌剂复合1-MCP处理,CAT、POD、SOD酶活水平最高;8～10℃贮藏温度下、采后杀菌剂处理,MDA含量水平最高;4～6℃贮藏温度下、来后1-MCP处理,质膜透性最低;2～4℃贮藏温度下、采后1-MCP处理,果实硬度和哈密瓜中心TSS含量水平最高.[结论]6～8℃贮藏温度下对西州密17号进行采后杀菌剂复合1-MCP处理,减缓了哈密瓜可溶性固形物的消耗,抑制果实的软化,较好地保持哈密瓜的品质,有效延长哈密瓜的贮藏期.     

葡萄霜霉病·白粉病药剂防治试验简报

[目的]筛选能有效防治葡萄霜霉病和白粉病的药剂。[方法]在田间小区试验中,防治葡萄霜霉病设6种药剂,防治葡萄白粉病设3种药剂,于2种病害发生初期每隔7d施药1次,共施3次,施药后7～10d统计病叶率和病情指数,分析防治效果。[结果]6种药剂中,烯酰吗琳、灰霜特、金雷多米尔和灭菌成对葡萄霜霉病均有较好的防效,其中在霜霉病发生严重的地区,灰霜特防病效果最好,在发生较轻的地区,烯酰玛琳和金雷多米尔防效最好．其次为灭菌戍。供试的3种药剂均能较好地防治葡萄白粉病,在白粉病发病较为严重的地区,三唑酮防病效果最好,白粉病发生相对较轻的地区,阿米西达防治效果最好,其次为敌力康。[结论]该研究为这2种病害的防治提供重要的指导依据。     

壳聚糖-铜杀菌剂的合成工艺及其Cu^2＋的解吸性能研究

[目的]利用壳聚糖开发载体化铜制剂,既可避免铜离子浓度过高的药害,又可以延长药效期.[方法]探讨了壳聚糖对Cu^2＋吸附量的影响因素,最佳条件下合成壳聚糖-铜杀菌剂,研究其在水中Cu^2＋的释放动力学.[结果] CTS-Cu的最佳合成工艺：硫酸铜浓度20g/L,壳聚糖、硫酸铜质量体积比为1/40,反应温度40℃,吸附时间90 min.载铜壳聚糖在水中Cu^2＋的释放量随时间的延长而增加,8h即可达到较高浓度,在36 h后基本达到稳定释放.[结论]为其农业生产应用奠定基础.     

刺五加黑斑病的室内药剂筛选

［目的］筛选对刺五加黑斑病菌具有抑菌效果的药剂。［方法］用11种药剂在2 500、1 250和833 μg/ml 3种浓度条件下分别对刺五加黑斑病菌进行处理,研究不同药剂和稀释浓度对刺五加黑斑病菌的抑菌效果。［结果］不同药剂和稀释浓度对刺五加黑斑病菌的抑菌效果影响很大,其中10%世高水分散剂、30%福嘧霉悬浮剂、50%扑海因WP和20%黑星叶霉唑超微WP对刺五加黑斑病的抑菌效果最佳,在各浓度处理条件下的抑菌率均为100%;3%多抗霉素WP的抑菌效果也很好;50%菌安利WP在浓度为2 500 μg/ml时,75%达科宁（百菌清）WP在浓度为1 250 μg/ml时,对刺五加黑斑病也有一定抑制作用;其他药剂对刺五加黑斑病的抑制作用不大。［结论］在11种药剂的3种浓度处理中,筛选出5种对刺五加黑斑病菌具有较明显抑制作用的药剂。