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71.
Antony M Hooper Jude A Bennison Mark C Luszniak John A Pickett Eleanor M Pow Lester J Wadhams 《Pest management science》1999,55(6):660-662
Western flower thrips (WFT) are attracted to three flowering verbena cultivars. The volatile components of these cultivars contain different enantiomers of linalool oxide which have been synthesised and one shown to be attractive to WFT. 相似文献
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Thrips: Pests of Concern to China and the United States 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Thrips are among the most important agricultural pests globally because of the damage inflicted by their oviposition, feeding, and ability to transmit plant viruses. Because of their invasiveness, a number of pest species are common to both China and the United States and present significant challenges to growers of a wide range of crops in both countries. Among the pest thfips common to both countries are four of the major global thrips pests, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, Thrips palmi Karny, and Thrips tabaci Lindeman. This review addresses characteristics that enable thrips to be such damaging pests and how biological attributes of thrips create challenges for their management. Despite these challenges, a number of successful management tactics have been developed for various cropping systems. We discuss some of these tactics that have been developed, including the use of cultural controls, biological controls, and judicious use of insecticides that do not disrupt overall pest management programs. The exchange of this type of information will help to facilitate management of pest thrips, especially in regions where species have recently invaded. A prime example is F. occidentalis, the western flower thrips, which is native to the United States, but has recently invaded China. Therefore, management tactics developed in the United States can be adapted to China. Because further success in management of thrips requires a thorough understanding of thrips ecology, we discuss areas of future research and emphasize the importance of collaboration among different countries to enhance our overall understanding of the biology and ecology of thrips and to improve management programs for these widespread pests. 相似文献
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WANG Hai-hong ;Smart R Reitz ;WANG Li-xia ;WANG Shuai-yu ;LI Xue ;LEI Zhong-ren 《农业科学学报》2014,13(10):2196-2210
The westem flower thrips, Frankliniella occidental& (Pergande) is a highly invasive pest that is able to exploit many crops across a wide range of environmental conditions. Five full-length cDNAs of heat shock protein (HSP) genes (Fo-HSP90, Fo-HSP70, Fo-HSP60, Fo-HSP40 and Fo-HSP28.9) were cloned from F. occidentalis, and their expression profiles were investigated under conditions of thermal stress and insecticide exposure, and at different stages during development, using real-time quantitative PCR. All five gene sequences showed high similarity to homologs in other species, indicating the conserved fimction of this gene family. HSP60 represents an informative phylogenetic marker at the ordinal taxonomic level within Insecta, but HSP90, which has two homologous copies in Hymenoptera, was not informative. The expression of Fo-HSPs under thermal stress suggests that Fo-HSP90, Fo-HSP70, and Fo-HSP28.9 are inducible by both cold and heat stress, Fo-HSP40 is only heat-inducible, and Fo-HSP60 is thermally insensitive. There were two patterns of cold induction of Fo-HSPs: one is from 0 to 4℃ and the other is around -8℃. All five Fo-HSPs genes were induced by exposure to sublethal concentrations of the insecticide avermectin. The expression of the five Fo-HSPs during different developmental stages suggests that they all play a role in development of F. occidentalis. 相似文献
76.
Three lines of Lycopersicon esculentum (RDD, UPV 1 and UPV 32) with resistance to TSWV introgressed from L. peruvianum have
been tested. RDD is a carrier of the SW5 gene and the other two lines have been developed at the Universidad Politécnica de
Valencia (UPV) from accessions collected in the Andean region. Two methods of artificial inoculation, mechanical and by Frankliniella
occidentalis populations, and three highly virulent Spanish isolates of TSWV have been used. Inoculation by populations of
thrips proved to be more efficient than mechanical transmission independently of the considered isolate. The three lines were
completely resistant when mechanical transmission was used. Also RDD and UPV 1 showed high resistance levels by thrips inoculation
method; the isolates had the same effect on these two genotypes. Nevertheless, UPV 32 shows a partial resistance depending
on the isolate utilized. The inoculation of virulent isolates by thrips under a high pressure of inoculum caused infection
in a few plants of the three genotypes tested. In spite of being the most efficient at present for their unspecificity to
isolates (and so the most used by breeders), resistance conferred by SW5 does not guarantee the absence of infection depending
on the prevailing crop conditions.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
77.
Resistance to western flower thrips in greenhouse cucumber: effect of leaf position and plant age on thrips reproduction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Willem Jan de Kogel Anneke Balkema-Boomstra Marieke van der Hoek Sierd Zijlstra Chris Mollema 《Euphytica》1997,94(1):63-67
Three greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions, previously selected for low levels of damage after infestation
with Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), were tested for resistance against F. occidentalis in a no-choice greenhouse experiment
at the mature plant stage. The three accessions showed a strong reduction in thrips damage compared to the susceptible control.
The effects of leaf position and plant age of the four cucumber accessions on the reproduction of F. occidentalis were determined
in a leaf disc assay. Leaf position had a significant effect on thrips reproduction, whereas plant age, within the test range,
had not. In general, reproduction was higher on young leaves. Reproduction as measured on leaf discs from certain leaf positions
was strongly correlated with resistance of mature plants in the greenhouse, and can therefore be used as a quick test to screen
cucumber accessions for resistance against thrips.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
78.
López-Soler N Cervera A Quinto V Abellán J Bielza P Martínez-Pardo R Garcerá MD 《Pest management science》2011,67(12):1549-1556
BACKGROUND: Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is among the most important crop pests in the south‐eastern region of Spain. Its increasing resistance to insecticides constitutes a serious problem, and understanding the mechanisms involved is therefore of great interest. Use of synergists to inhibit the enzymes involved in insecticide detoxification is widely used to determine their responsibility for insecticide resistance. However, they do not always act as intended or expected, and caution must be exercised when interpreting synergist results. RESULTS: Laboratory‐selected strains of WFT were used to analyse the effects of the synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S‐tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and methiocarb on total esterase activity. Significant differences were found, indicating esterase activity inhibition by DEF, a lower effect for methiocarb and a small inhibition of the activity by PBO. Esterase isoenzyme inhibition by these compounds showed a similar result; this assay revealed an extreme sensitivity of Triplet A (resistance‐associated esterases) to DEF. In an in vivo assay carried out with these compounds at different incubation times, only DEF caused posterior in vitro esterase activity inhibition, with a maximum effect 1 h after treatment. CONCLUSION: In this work, only DEF shows true synergistic inhibition of WFT esterases. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
79.
80.
为进一步评价南方小花蝽Orius strigicollis的生物防治潜能,明确南方小花蝽高龄若虫以及成虫对西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis成虫的捕食作用及其种内互残行为。在室内通过捕食功能反应试验评价南方小花蝽对西花蓟马成虫的捕食能力,通过南方小花蝽种内互残的选择与非选择性试验分析不同龄期、不同猎物密度下南方小花蝽的种内互残行为。结果表明,南方小花蝽4~5龄若虫和雌雄成虫对西花蓟马的捕食功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ型方程,捕食能力评价指标a’/Th大小依次为雌成虫(33.2)>雄成虫(18.8)>5龄若虫(16.7)>4龄若虫(11.7)。种内互残试验结果表明,在没有蓟马的环境下南方小花蝽4、5龄若虫平均死亡数量分别为1.5头和1.7头,显著高于对照。接入南方小花蝽雌成虫后,当西花蓟马若虫密度为10头时的死亡数量高于密度为5头时的死亡数量。当南方小花蝽雌成虫∶若虫∶蓟马数量比为1∶5∶5时,南方小花蝽1龄若虫死亡数量最高,为2.3头;当南方小花蝽雌成虫∶若虫∶蓟马数量为1∶5∶50头时,南方小花蝽若虫的死亡数量均较... 相似文献