西花蓟马对寄主植物的危害及其影响机理研究进展

总结了西花蓟马对寄主植物形态和生理特征的危害,以及作为媒介传毒的为害影响,剖析了西花蓟马对寄主植物为害影响的途径和内在机理,旨在明确西花蓟马与不同寄主植物之间的内在关系,为预防和控制西花蓟马的传播扩散提供依据。     

螺虫乙酯抑制西花蓟马卵孵化的蛋白质组学分析

【目的】前期研究发现,螺虫乙酯处理西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)0 h卵24 h后,造成卵壳破裂从而抑制卵孵化出若虫。本研究旨在探究螺虫乙酯处理西花蓟马0 h卵24 h后引起卵形态结构发生变化的原因,寻找螺虫乙酯抑制西花蓟马0 h卵孵化的关键蛋白,揭示螺虫乙酯抑制西花蓟马卵孵化的分子机制。【方法】以西花蓟马0 h卵为研究对象,使用浓度为14.42 mg·L^-1的螺虫乙酯处理24 h后,采用无标记定量(Label-free)蛋白质组学技术分析螺虫乙酯处理组与对照组之间的差异表达蛋白。利用Gene Ontology(GO)富集分析和KEGG通路分析对筛选出的差异表达蛋白进行功能注释和通路分析等生物信息学分析,并通过平行反应监测(PRM)技术验证差异蛋白的表达量。【结果】螺虫乙酯处理后共有204个蛋白差异表达,其中124个蛋白表达量上调,80个蛋白表达量下调。生物信息学分析表明,上调的差异表达蛋白主要参与物质合成和代谢通路,下调的差异表达蛋白主要参与对外界刺激的防御反应通路。此外,利用PRM技术对差异表达蛋白进行鉴定,结果表明螺虫乙酯处...     

3种杀虫剂防治西花蓟马田间效果分析

田间测定了5种浓度的2.5%菜喜悬浮剂、百佳EC、18%杀虫双水剂对西花蓟马的防治效果,结果表明:菜喜、杀虫双和百佳一次药后10 d内最高防效分别达到96.14%、97.18%和96.65%。     

茶园花蓟马种群数量与茶叶中生化物质关系的数学分析

为明确茶园花蓟马种群数量与茶叶中生化物质的相关性,利用HPLC-ELSD法测定茶叶中生化物质的含量,再通过对茶园9种茶叶上花蓟马的数量进行Pearson相关性分析、通径分析和回归分析得出不同生化物质含量与花蓟马数量关系的密切程度,并进行综合比较与分析。通过Pearson相关性分析得出,花蓟马种群数量与茶叶中糖类含量呈显著正相关,与儿茶素类呈显著负相关;通过通径分析得出,低聚原花青素类与花蓟马的通径系数绝对值最大,其次为糖类和儿茶素类,其中低聚原花青素和糖类的通径系数为正数,儿茶素类为负数;通过回归分析得出,糖类与儿茶素类仍然是与花蓟马数量相关性最显著的2类生化物质。因此,栽植时为了避免花蓟马危害,可以选择糖类含量低或者儿茶素类含量高的茶树种类。研究结果为花蓟马抗虫育种提供了科学依据。     

昭通地区烟草番茄斑萎病的综合防治

Tomato spotted wilt virust is a viral , which endangers many crops in agriculture.In recent years, tomato spotted wilt virus in Zhaotong tobacco area has been spreading, which has seriously affected the growth of tobacco, endangered the improvement of tobacco quality, and caused economic losses to a certain extent.This paper discusses the symptoms, pathogenesis and control measures, in order to provide reference for the relevant research of tobacco tomato spot wilt and provide basis for the comprehensive control of tobacco tomato spot wilt in Zhaotong.     

Biological control of the Western flower thripsFrankliniella occidentalis in cucumber using the entomopathogenic fungusMetarhizium anisopliae

Biological control of the western flower thrips (WFT)Frankliniella occidentalis, using the entomopathogenicMetarhizium anisopliae-7 (M. a-7) strain was studied in three consecutive seasons under greenhouse conditions. Cucumber plants infested with WFT were sprayed with spore suspension of the fungusM. a-7 (0.5 g m^-2), or the soil was treated with dry powder of the fungus (0.5 g m^-2); the control was without fungus application. In the 1997 spring experiment, when the cucumber plants were initially infested with only three or four insects per leaf, the spore suspension spray caused a significant reduction in growth of the thrips population compared with the other treatments and the control. However, in the 1997 summer experiment, when the plants were initially heavily infested with WFT (10–15 insects per leaf), the spray treatment caused only a modest reduction in WFT population growth, and only after 4 weeks of treatment was the reduction significant. In the 1999 experiment, with a low initial WFT population of three or four insects per leaf, the spray treatment was effective in reducing the population growth to a lower level than in the other treatments or control. TheM. a-7 strain was found to be effective in reducing the population growth of WFT under greenhouse conditions, particularly when the initial thrips population was low to moderate. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 4, 2001.     

苦参碱及吡虫啉对南方小花蝽的影响

为评价植物源杀虫剂和化学杀虫剂对南方小花蝽的影响,在室内条件下采用浸渍法比较了苦参碱及吡虫啉对西花蓟马的毒力,并分别利用两种杀虫剂对西花蓟马2龄若虫的LC50剂量作用于南方小花蝽,探究其对南方小花蝽捕食作用、雌成虫寿命和产卵量的影响.结果显示,苦参碱和吡虫啉对西花蓟马2龄若虫的LC5o值分别为24.811 mg/L和13.911 mg/L,两种药剂处理后南方小花蝽对西花蓟马的功能反应符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程,但其瞬时攻击率降低,苦参碱处理的瞬时攻击率高于吡虫啉处理;药剂处理后南方小花蝽雌成虫寿命及产卵量均下降,雌成虫寿命由22.0 d分别缩至19.0d及11.0d,其平均日产卵量由3.92粒/雌分别下降至2.25粒/雌及0.91粒/雌.研究表明苦参碱对南方小花蝽的影响小于吡虫啉.     

Contamination and browning in tissue culture of Platanus occidentalis L.

Twigs of 2–3-year-old Platanus occidentalis L. were used as experimental material to find the causes for the contamination and browning in the initial stages of tissue cultures. To compare the degree of browning of explants picked off from different growing seasons, the experimental material was excised from trees on each of the first ten days in January, March, May and July, 2006. The results indicated that the contamination and browning rates of the material cut off in January (14.2% and 30.6%, respectively) and March were somewhat lower than those in July. The pretreatment of soaking the explants in different anti-oxidants and absorbents at the same time could diminish some side effects. The pretreatment of using 10 g·L–1 vitamin C reduced the contamination and brown-ing rate effectively. An orthogonal experiment showed that the optimal factor and level arrangement is 0.5 mg·L–1 BA, 2.0 g·L–1 ac-tive carbon and 1.5 g·L–1 PVP which resulted in a browning rate of only 16.5%. In general, sampling period, physical properties and pretreatment of explants are the main factors responsible for the contamination and browning of material in the initial stages of P. occidentalis tissue cultures.     

Population trends in northern spotted owls: Associations with climate in the Pacific Northwest

We used reverse time capture-mark-recapture models to describe associations between rate of population change (λ) and climate for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) at six long-term study areas in Washington and Oregon, USA. Populations in three of six areas showed strong evidence of declining populations, while populations in two additional areas were likely declining as well. At four areas, λ was positively associated with wetter-than-normal conditions during the growing season, which likely affects prey availability. Lambda was also negatively associated with cold, wet winters and nesting seasons, and the number of hot summer days. The amount of annual variation in λ accounted for by climate varied across study areas (3-85%). Rate of population change was more sensitive to adult survival than to recruitment; however, there was considerable variation among years and across study areas for all demographic rates. While annual survival was more closely related to regional climate conditions, recruitment was often associated with local weather. In addition to climate, declines in recruitment at four of six areas were associated with increased presence of barred owls. Climate change models predict warmer, wetter winters and hotter, drier summers for the Pacific Northwest in the first half of the 21st century. Our results indicate that these conditions have the potential to negatively affect annual survival, recruitment, and consequently population growth rates for northern spotted owls.     

高山地区美国黑树莓的栽培和管理

论述了美国黑树莓在泰顺高山地区引种栽培时应注意的引种栽培时间和栽培方法以及生产中应注意的搭架牵引、整形修剪、水肥管理等技术,最后分析讨论了其开发现状和今后的发展前景.