凡纳滨对虾养殖体系中群体感应淬灭菌的筛选、安全性评估及发酵条件优化

从凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamai)养殖体系中筛选得到具有群体感应淬灭(Quorum quenching, QQ)活性的潜在功能菌,并对菌株进行16S rDNA鉴定、安全性评估及发酵条件优化。采用根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens) A136液体X-gal法进行活性菌株筛选,发现2株细菌(BDZ5和W1B)的发酵液对信号分子己酰基高丝氨酸内酯(C6-HSL)具有显著的降解作用,但经沸水浴处理后均丧失降解活性。经16S rDNA基因序列分析,菌株BDZ5和W1B分别被鉴定为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和科贝特氏菌属(Cobetia)。安全性评估结果显示,菌株BDZ5和W1B均无溶血性,且对多数抗生素具有敏感性,注射2株活性菌未提高凡纳滨对虾死亡率,且对凡纳滨对虾血清免疫酶活性无显著影响。单因素条件优化结果显示,在起始pH为7.0、盐度为20、0.0005%的MnCl2条件下培养48 h后,菌株BDZ5达到最大生长量;在起始pH为6.0、盐度为40、0.05%的CaCl2条件下培养48 h,菌株W1B达到最大生长量。2株菌的最适信号分子C6-HSL降解条件与其生长条件有所不同,在起始pH为7.5、盐度为30、0.0005%的MnCl2条件下培养48 h,2株活性菌对信号分子C6-HSL的降解率达到最大值。研究表明,菌株BDZ5和W1B可作为益生菌应用于水产养殖,为基于QQ角度防治对虾细菌性病害提供优良菌种。     

Trxs基因对啤酒大麦籽粒灌浆后期抗氧化能力和荧光参数的影响

为了深入探索Trxs基因的功能,给转基因大麦育种提供理论依据,以啤酒大麦品种Harrington及其过量表达硫氧还蛋白S基因(Trxs)的转基因大麦株系为试验材料,对籽粒灌浆后期旗叶中还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性、叶绿素荧光特性以及不同发育阶段籽粒中GSH含量和产量性状进行研究.结果显示:(1)籽粒灌浆后期转基因大麦旗叶GSH含量与APX活性显著高于非转基因对照;(2)花后15 d时各测定时间点和籽粒灌浆后期不同测定时间转基因大麦旗叶叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm与Fv/Fo值普遍高于对照;(3)转基因大麦的产量性状优于对照,其千粒重、单株穗数和单株产量平均分别比对照提高了12.29%、34.34%与41.01%.这些结果表明,Trxs通过影响旗叶和籽粒中GSH含量和旗叶中APX活性,提高了籽粒灌浆后期转基因啤酒大麦抗逆境胁迫的能力,改善了啤酒大麦转基因株系在籽粒灌浆后期的光合性能,有利于提高了单株产量.     

申氏杆菌37-1中群体感应淬灭内酯酶AiiS的功能分析

许多植物病原细菌通过群体感应(quorum sensing,QS)系统调控相关毒性因子的表达,而群体感应淬灭(quorum quenching,QQ)是通过干扰QS系统,达到防治植物细菌性病害的重要策略之一.本研究利用原位培养法分离得到2000多株不同菌株形态的植物根围细菌,结合QS系统信号分子检测平板筛选到7株具有Q...     

Human serum albumin interaction with paraquat studied using spectroscopic methods

The interaction between herbicide paraquat and human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by fluorescence and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. Paraquat can strongly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA by static quenching and nonradiative energy transferring; The hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions play a major role in stabilizing the complex. The binding site number n and apparent binding constant K_A, corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, ΔS at different temperatures, were calculated. The distance r between donor (HSA) and acceptor (paraquat) was obtained according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The effect of paraquat on the conformation of HSA was analyzed using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.     

小冠开心形和细型主干形‘玉露香’梨光能截获与光合作用差异

小冠开心形和细型主干形是黄土高原梨树生产中的主要树形模式。为阐述这两种树形对冠层光能截获和叶片光合功能的影响,以山西芮城县4年生的‘玉露香’梨为试材,2017年和2018年连续两年测定了冠层截获的光合有效辐射PAR、叶片光合的光响应特性、荧光淬灭动力学特性以及光午休期间叶片的热耗散特性和光呼吸。结果表明:小冠开心形冠层不同方位和不同时刻截获的PAR均高于细型主干形,平均提高47.6%;与细型主干形相比,小冠开心形叶片光响应的最大净光合速率P_nmax,p与光饱和点LSP显著升高;光合碳同化过程的3个限制因子中,磷酸丙糖利用速率V_tpu对冠层光环境变化最敏感。正午强光胁迫下,小冠开心形叶片光呼吸速率P_r与总光合速率P_g的比例(P_r/P_g)比细型主干形叶片提高58.5%,NPQ中可恢复组分r(qE)提高了8.9%,而不可恢复组分r(qI)降低了75.0%。两种树形相比,小冠开心形梨树冠层可截获更多的光能,叶片的光合能力更强,强光胁迫时能够通过更高效的热耗散和光呼...     

Detection of mast cell degranulation by fluorescent molecular diffusion dynamic measurement

AIM：To establish a rapid in vitro method for mast cell degranulation tracing by raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS). METHODS：RBL-2H3, a basophilic granulocyte mast cell line transfected with CD63-GFP plasmid, was used for evaluating the methods, including β-hexosaminidase (HEX) colorimetric assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and RICS in the detection of mast cell degranulation. The sensibilities of these methods were compared. RESULTS：The sensitivities of β-HEX colorimetric assay and SEM were 5 mg/L and 3.9×10-2 mg/L, respectively. RICS detection showed obvious decrease in the diffusion coefficient at dose of 3.9×10-2 mg/L. CONCLUSION：Fluorescent molecular diffusion dynamic measurement can be used for rapid tracing of allergic substances in vitro. According to the results, RICS can achieve nearly the same extent of sensitivity as the SEM does and is far more sensitive than β-HEX colorimetric assay. Compared with SEM, RICS has several advantages: it is faster, simpler and cheaper; it can be used in living cells; it is more suitable for rapid in vitro allergenic compounds tracing. Therefore, RICS is applicable in clinic allergic antigen screening and may also be used in pharmaceutical quality control.     

家蚕荧光茧色的研究——Ⅰ.不同品种的荧光茧色

在紫外光的照射下,观察了348个品种品系的荧光茧色。结果:白茧品种(1)有白荧光、黄荧光、紫荧光及一些中间色的连续光潜。按系统比较白荧光茧的比率是日系>中系>欧系,黄荧光茧的比率是中系>日系>欧系,紫荧光茧的比率是欧系>中系=日系,按化性白荧光茧的比率是日一化>欧一化>多化>中一化四眠>日二化>中二化>中一化三眠,黄荧光茧的比率是中一化三眠>中二化>日二化>多化>中一化四眠>日一化>欧一化,紫荧光茧的比率是欧一化>日一化>中一化四眠>中一化三眠>多化>日二化>中二化。(2)雌雄茧荧光有明显差异,雄黄荧光茧多且强,雌茧紫荧光多。发现了5个品种雄茧基本上为黄荧光,雌茧为紫荧光。(3)荧光茧色与解舒有关系,解舒率与黄荧光茧呈正相关,与紫荧光茧呈负相关,不同的系统,化性则有所区别。有色茧基本上是黄荧光,也有个别品种茧出现白荧光或紫荧光。     

铝合金挤压型材淬火模拟研究及工艺参数的改进

为了解决“U”形铝合金型材在喷水淬火过程中因冷却速度不均匀而导致型材截面变形的问题，基于FLUENT和ANSYS-WORKBENCH软件平台，建立了“U”形挤压型材在喷水冷却过程的有限元模型.分析了3种不同喷嘴速度大小方案下型材淬火冷却过程的温度场、残余应力和变形等变化规律.结果表明:经工艺参数优化后，型材截面上不同部位喷嘴速度大小设计更合理，淬火冷却过程中型材的温度场和等效应力分布更均匀,最大等效应力最小,型材的变形最小.通过有限元分析能较好地改进型材淬火冷却过程中喷嘴速度大小及分布,为实际挤压生产过程提供指导.     

Screening and Positioning of Three Chromosome-specific BAC Clones in Gossypium raimondii

We screened a bacterial artificial chromosome(BAC) library of Gossypium barbadense acc. Pima 90-53 to identify chromosome-specific BAC clones. Using BAC-fluorescence in situ hybridization technology, we obtained three BAC clones specific to chromosome D₅01, D₅02, and D₅10 of Gossypium raimondii, which could be used as cytological markers for those three chromosomes. Comparative mapping of these three BACs between G. barbadense and in G. raimondii showed that these three BAC clones could also be used to identify chromosomes D_b01, D_b02, and D_b10 in G. barbadense. The position of the BAC clone 280G06 on chromosome 10 did not show colinearity between G. barbadense and G. raimondii, possibly because of chromosomal rearrangement.     

PSII photochemistry is the primary target of oxidative stress imposed by ozone in Tilia americana

Trees are essential in the urban environment not only because of their aesthetic and social values, but also for their effects on air quality. Data of the present experiment show some of the integrated mechanisms that may confer sensitivity/tolerance in Tilia americana saplings exposed to ozone treatment (120 ppb, 5 h day^?1 for 45 consecutive days) in order to improve the management of green spaces responding to oxidative stress. At the end of exposure, plants do not exhibit any foliar symptoms. Profiles related to membrane injury, photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, pigment content and enzymes/metabolites linked to the synthesis of phenylpropanoids show a vulnerability in terms of: (i) change in the ionic and solute reactions of the membrane cells (maximum value of +34%, 28 days after the beginning of fumigation, compared to controls); (ii) inhibition of the carbon assimilation (?41%), mostly as a consequence of non-stomatal limitation of assimilation rate; (iii) progressive inhibition of the Calvin cycle, as demonstrated by decreases in Rubisco carboxylation efficiency and regeneration capacity (?35 and ?21%, respectively, at the end of exposure), quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII and in the fraction of energy passively dissipated as heat and fluorescence (?34% and ?31%); (iv) senescence process (decline in demand for reducing power and energy at the end of treatment); (v) damage to the chlorophyll pigment system. However, the activation of xanthophylls cycle and phenylpropanoid metabolism, that can be considered a strategy in plants in order to regulate light absorbed energy and to scavenge reactive oxygen species does not preserve PSII photochemistry from impairment at the end of exposure.