内源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒基因在蒙古羊染色体上的分布研究

本研究旨在探究内源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒基因在蒙古羊染色体上的分布情况.参照已登入GenBank中的内源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒(enJSRV,登录号为DQ838493)序列,设计合成1对引物,PCR扩增gag基因的部分片段,用地高辛标记制备探针,利用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术检测enJSRV在蒙古羊染色体上的分布.结果表明,用en-JSRV的gag基因合成的DNA探针在蒙古羊中期分裂相的6条染色体上均有杂交信号,分别为1q45、1p23、2q41、3q23、6q13、9q22和14q25,其中在6和9号染色体上出现有较强的荧光信号.结果提示,在6和9号染色体上这2个位点上有多拷贝的enJSRV基因,1q45、1p23、2q41、3q23、和14q25拷贝数少,这与内源性绵羊肺腺瘤病毒进化有关.     

簇毛麦和中间偃麦草rRNA基因位点双色荧光原位杂交分析

簇毛麦和中间偃麦草是小麦改良的重要抗源，为了对导入的外源染色体及片段进行有效鉴定，应用分带和双色荧光原位杂交，将25S－5．8S－18S rRNA、5S rDNA基因分别定于簇毛麦染色体1V短臂和5V短臂上。分别在中间偃麦草的3对、4对染色体上观察到25S－5．8S－18S rRNA和5S rRNA基因，其中有2对染色体在其短臂上有两种核糖体RNA基因。     

尼罗罗非鱼X和Y染色体原位杂交探针的制备

通过染色体显微切割的方法，分别从尼罗罗非鱼XX和YY个体有丝分裂中期相染色体滴片上，割取第1对染色体，随后经简并PCR扩增，分别用生物素和地高辛标记，得到X和Y染色体探针。将探针与尼罗罗非鱼XY个体的染色体进行荧光原位杂交，在第1对染色体上得到很强的杂交信号。结果表明，染色体显微切割和简并PCR技术相结合，可以有效地制备鱼类DNA探针。     

大白菜—结球甘蓝异源三倍体（ACC）基于25S rDNA的FISH分析

 应用25S rDNA-FISH对大白菜—结球甘蓝异源三倍体（ACC）中期染色体组成和减数分裂染色体行为进行了分析,并进行了花粉特性和结实性的研究。结果表明,大白菜—结球甘蓝异源三倍体染色体数为28,含有9个25S rDNA位点,其中4个来自结球甘蓝4号和7号染色体;5个来自大白菜1 ~ 5号染色体;A、C基因组间不同染色体同源程度不同,减数分裂终变期常形成单价体、二价体和三价体等不同的联会方式;中期Ⅰ和中期Ⅱ存在游离染色体;后期Ⅰ和后期Ⅱ染色体分离不均衡,并存在染色体落后或丢失;末期Ⅱ有微核产生。异源三倍体花粉整齐度和生活力远低于其二倍体亲本,自交及与亲本甘蓝（CC）回交的结籽率都极低,仅为0.01%。     

BCR-ABL translocation in a dog with chronic monocytic leukemia

A 9-year-old female spayed mixed breed dog was evaluated at the University of Florida Small Animal Hospital for marked leukocytosis with no associated clinical signs. CBC abnormalities included marked leukocytosis (106,000/μL), marked monocytosis (78,000/μL), and the presence of 13% blast cells (13,832/μL), supporting a diagnosis of leukemia. Cytopenias and dysplastic changes in other cell lines were not present. Microscopic examination of bone marrow showed hypercellular uniparticles with a marginal increase in frequency of unclassified blast cells (2%), but was otherwise unremarkable. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of blood cells determined that leukemic cells were CD45(+) , CD14(+) , and CD34(-) , and based on side scatter and CD45 reactivity the marrow contained 19% monoblasts. By immunocytochemical staining, the leukemic cells in the bone marrow were CD11b(+) , CD11c(+) , CD11d(+) , MHC-II(+) , MPO(+) , and CD34(-) . Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes documented a chromosomal translocation producing a BCR-ABL gene hybrid, similar to the "Philadelphia" chromosome abnormality recognized in human chronic myelogenous leukemia, as well as a phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene deletion. Hydroxyurea therapy was attempted, but was ineffective; the dog died 7 months after initial presentation. Clinical and laboratory findings and the protracted course supported a diagnosis of chronic monocytic leukemia (CMoL) and, to our knowledge, this is the first case of CMoL with a BCR-ABL chromosomal abnormalitiy described in dogs. This may have clinical implications for treatment of dogs with chronic leukemias associated with particular genetic mutations. However, more case studies are needed to further characterize this disease.     

45S rDNA在蒿属5种植物染色体中的分布

 以小麦45S rDNA为探针,通过荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术,研究了45S rDNA在蒿属（Artemisia）5个物种染色体中的分布情况。结果发现,在根尖体细胞有丝分裂中期,中亚苦蒿（A. absinthum Linn.）有1对染色体出现杂交信号;大籽蒿（A. sieversiana Ehrhart ex Willd.）和黄花蒿（A. annua Linn.）各有两对染色体上出现信号;欧亚艾蒿（A. abrotanum Linn.）和牡蒿（A. japonica Thumb.）各有4对染色体出现杂交信号。信号位点除了分布在随体上,主要分布在非随体染色体的端部,而在欧亚艾蒿中发现1对信号位点分布在近端部,而且信号间的强弱也不尽相同。基于FISH技术的核型分析,不仅能够提供稳定、可靠的细胞学标记,而且进一步丰富了染色体分析的基础资料。     

中国水仙3个特异种质的分子细胞遗传学分析

 应用荧光原位杂交技术进行rDNA在黄花水仙和两色花水仙染色体上的定位研究,并分析了两色花水仙的基因组成。结果表明：不同材料的NOR位点表现出多态性,即黄花水仙上具3个45S rDNA位点,两色花水仙具有5个位点;5S rDNA在位点和数量上表现出一致性。基因组荧光原位杂交结果表明两色花水仙的染色体有10条来自于黄花水仙,22条来自于白花水仙。根据rDNA在这些种质资源上的分布,结合GISH技术的分析,证实两色花水仙是黄花水仙和白花水仙的天然杂交种。     

黑麦特异DNA重复序列的分离与鉴定

为了找到黑麦特异的DNA重复序列，我们采用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）标记对黑麦、小麦及其他麦类植物材料分析发现引物OPH20在所有黑麦中扩增出特异的两条带。将这两条带DNA回收克隆测序，得到两序列的长度分别为1495bp、1147bp，分别命名为pSc20H．1、pSc20H．2。序列比对发现pSc20H．1的序列与已报道的序列pSc20n（GenBank编号AF305943）一致达到97％。没有与pSc20H．2高度一致的同源序列。荧光原位杂交结果显示pSc20H．1分布黑麦所有染色体的除端部和核仁组织区域的所有部位。pSc20H．2也分布在黑麦所有染色体上，但分布区域不同于pSC20H．1。证明了pSc20H．2是黑麦新的特异DNA序列，并可用于检测小麦背景中的黑麦染色体成分。     

Association between bacterial community structures and mortality of fish larvae in intensive rearing systems

Bacterial community structures were analyzed in water used for rearing fish larvae by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In Experiment 1, red sea bream Pagrus major larvae were reared in two commercial seed production tanks. The survival rate in Tank 1 was higher than in Tank 2, even though phytoplankton, Nannochloropsis sp., was added to both tanks. In Tank 2, γ-proteobacteria became dominant (∼70% of total bacteria) on day 13, there after heavy larval mortalities occurred. In Tank 1, however, α-proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster were predominant from day − 1 until day 13; no significant mortality was recorded. In Experiment 2, marble goby Oxyeleotris marmoratus larvae were cultured with or without Nannochloropsis sp. At the end of the experiment, larval survival rates in aquaria with Nannochloropsis sp. were significantly (P <0.05) higher than those without. In rearing water without Nannochloropsis sp., γ-proteobacteria increased during rearing. In rearing water with Nannochloropsis sp., α-prote obacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster were predominant at the beginning of the experiments and the relative abundance of γ-proteobacteria was maintained at a lower level throughout the experiments. The predominance of α-proteobacteria and the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster appears to be a good indicator of successful larval production.