一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂对宰后成熟过程中牦牛肉品质的影响

【目的】研究一氧化氮对宰后牦牛肉品质的影响,为牦牛肉品质改善提供理论依据。【方法】以3—5岁去势甘南牦牛肉为材料,取其背最长肌,剔除筋膜、脂肪等,切成大小均匀的薄片（8 cm×8 cm）,用20 G针均匀穿刺,分别采用去离子水（对照组）和1、10、100 mmol·L ^-1一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）抑制剂（N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯盐酸盐）在4℃条件下1﹕1（V/m）浸泡肉样1 d,然后在4℃条件下成熟,测定成熟期间（0、1、3、5和7 d）NOS活性与一氧化氮含量、肌原纤维小片化指数（MFI）、总巯基含量、羰基含量、pH、色度等指标。【结果】NOS抑制剂处理后的牦牛背最长肌NOS活性和一氧化氮含量显著降低,成熟第7天时,处理组的NOS活性分别比对照组低30.9%、43.6%、74.7%,一氧化氮含量分别比对照组低4.7%、12.5%、21.5%。处理后的牦牛肉pH显著降低,第7天时,处理组分别比对照组低0.8%、5.7%、15.2%,其中10和100 mmol·L ^-1 NOS抑制剂处理组显著低于对照组。处理显著降低了牦牛肉羰基含量,成熟第7天时,处理组分别比对照组低4.1%、19.0%、22.2%。此外,处理组MFI显著上升,成熟第7天时,处理组分别比对照组低31.1%、23.3%、9.6%。处理组牦牛肉总巯基含量显著上升,第7天时,对照组比NOS抑制剂处理组分别低3.2%、3.7%、2.7%。成熟过程中,NOS抑制剂处理使肉色a ^*值显著降低,肉色L ^*值显著升高,第7天时,处理组的肉色a ^*值分别比对照组低7.1%、40.2%、30.7%,肉色L ^*值分别比对照组高1.1%、2.0%、1.1%。【结论】一氧化氮促进宰后牦牛肉蛋白质氧化,抑制牦牛肉嫩化,使肉色L ^*值降低,a ^*值升高,对宰后牦牛肉的品质产生负面影响,而NOS抑制剂能降低肌肉中NOS活性。     

不同施肥和保水措施对油茶土壤N2O排放的影响

为探究不同施肥和保水措施对油茶土壤N_2O排放的影响,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,设置对照(B0CK)、氮肥(N,0.13 g N·kg~(-1))、磷肥(P,0.065 g P·kg~(-1))、氮磷肥(NP,0.13 g N·kg~(-1)+0.065 g P·kg~(-1))、低复合保水材料(生物炭和聚丙烯酰胺,B1,每盆13.65 g炭+1.35 g聚丙烯酰胺)、高复合保水材料(生物炭和聚丙烯酰胺,B2,每盆27.30 g炭+2.70 g聚丙烯酰胺)、低复合保水材料和N(NB1)、高复合保水材料和N(NB2)、低复合保水材料和P(PB1)、高复合保水材料和P(PB2)、低复合保水材料和NP(NPB1)、高复合保水材料和NP(NPB2),共12个处理,进行不同施肥和保水措施下土壤N_2O排放的差异比较。结果表明,N、P添加均显著增加土壤N_2O的累积排放量,NP添加与对照无差异。施加复合保水材料抑制土壤N_2O的排放,随着复合保水材料施用量的增加,土壤N_2O的排放显著降低,与对照相比,B1和B2处理N_2O减排50%以上。N添加条件下,与对照相比,添加复合保水材料NB1、NB2的N_2O累积排放显著降低。P与复合保水材料无交互作用。N、P和复合保水材料对土壤N_2O累积排放量具有显著作用,在NP同施时,与对照相比,添加复合保水材料NPB1、NPB2的N_2O累积排放分别降低了1.18%、30.69%。因此,高复合保水材料类型的施肥措施对减少油茶土壤N_2O排放具有重要意义,从而对缓解全球气候变化具有重要影响。     

Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions make up a significant part of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches to the mitigation of these emissions with emerging technology. In this short review four approaches to precision managements of agricultural systems are described based on examples of work being undertaken in the UK and New Zealand. They offer the opportunity for N₂O mitigation without any reduction in productivity. These approaches depend upon new sensor technology, modeling and spatial information with which to make management decisions and interventions that can both improve agricultural productivity and environmental protection.     

Roles of protein phosphatase 4 in down-regulation of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation induced by palmitic acid in human umbilical vein endotheli?al cells

AIMTo investigate the roles of protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) in down-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) Ser633 phosphorylation induced by palmitic acid (PA). METHODSHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with PA at 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L and 200μmol/L for 36 h, or treated with PA at 100 μmol/L for 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) family inhibitor fostriecin (FST, 20 nmol/L) or okadaic acid (OA, 5 nmol/L) was selected to pretreat the HUVECs for 30 min. Protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit (PP4c) siRNA or protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) siRNA was transfected into the HUVECs. The protein expression levels of of eNOS, PP4c and PP2Ac, as well as the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation, were detected by Western blot. The intracellular nitric oxide (NO) content was measured by DAF-FM DA. RESULTS(1) Compared with control group, the levels of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation were decreased in PA groups in which the HUVECs were treated with 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L PA for 36 h (P<0.05) and 100 μmol/L PA for 24 h, 36 h and 48 h (P<0.05). No significant difference in the level of total eNOS protein expression among all the groups was observed. (2) Compared with control group, both FST and OA pretreatment reversed the reduction of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation (P<0.05) and the decrease in intracellular NO content (P<0.05) induced by PA. No significant difference in the level of total eNOS protein expression among all the groups was observed. (3) Compared with si-Control group, the PP4c protein expression was significantly reduced (P<0.05), while the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation was significantly increased in si-PP4c group (P<0.05). Although the levels of PP2Ac protein expression declined significantly (P<0.05), the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation remained unchanged in si-PP2Ac group. No significant differencein the level of total eNOS protein expression among all the groups was found. CONCLUSION PA significantly reduces the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation and the content of NO in the HUVECs, which may be due to PA inducing the activation of the PP2A family member PP4 rather than PP2A.     

左氧氟沙星在铁氧化物表面的吸附：动力学和pH的影响

通过批吸附动力学、等温吸附试验,并结合X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术和衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATRFTIR),揭示不同pH下左氧氟沙星(LEV)在铁氧化物表面的吸附机制。结果表明：溶液pH对LEV在针铁矿表面的吸附影响较大,不同pH下,其吸附动力学更符合准二级动力学模型(R²>0.98)。在pH为4时,3 h左右达到吸附平衡,而在pH为8时,12 h达到吸附平衡,并且pH为4的吸附量约是pH为8的2倍。XPS和ATR-FTIR的结果一致表明,静电作用和化学吸附是其主要吸附机制,在低pH(pH为4)时,LEV在针铁矿表面主要以单核双齿形态被吸附,在高pH(pH为8)时,主要以双核双齿形态被吸附。在中间pH(pH为6)时,由于静电排斥作用,导致其吸附量最大。     

福建省几种典型红壤性水稻土稀土含量的研究——Ⅱ.稀土与土壤成分的相关分析

对供试土壤的稀土总量(Σ REE),轻稀土含量(Σ LREE)和重稀土含量(Σ HREE)与土壤颗粒组成、有机质含量、腐殖质组成及不同形态氧化铁含量之间的相关关系进行了统计分析.结果表明:(1)ΣREE、Σ LREE 与土壤粘粒,有机质、腐殖质及组成,Fe_t,Fe_d,Fe_(d_o),Fe_(t-d)之间均呈极显著相关;(2)Σ HREE 与上述物质的相关均不显著.     

番茄成熟突变体(rin,nor,alc)及其F_1的贮藏生理特性研究

本研究对番茄成熟突变体rin、nor、alc材料与正常成熟番茄品种及其杂种一代果实,在绿熟期采收后果实的呼吸强度、乙烯释放量及多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性进行了测定和分析。结果表明:具rin、nor、alc基因的番茄果实无呼吸和乙烯跃变期,其硬度降低慢,果实中PG活性较低,它们的贮藏指数是正常成熟番茄的3倍,一般可贮藏2～3个月,其与正常番茄亲本品种交配的F_1杂种果实(rin/+,nor/+,alc/+)均有一小的呼吸、乙烯高峰出现,但跃变期比正常番茄推迟5～7天,达跃变期时,果实释放的CO_2和乙烯量是正常番茄的40％～6％,PG活性和硬度变化介于双亲之间,果色与正常成熟番茄相近,果实的耐贮藏性较正常番茄有所提高。     

1-MCP处理对猕猴桃果实采后生理的影响

以秦美猕猴桃为试材,在常温下(20±0.5℃),研究了不同浓度1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对果实采后生理的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,1-MCP处理显著抑制了果实乙烯的释放量,有效地延迟了果实的软化,对果实可溶性固形物含量的影响不明显,一定程度上提高了果实的贮藏效果。     

UV-327合成中溶剂的选择

以甲苯、氯苯、乙二醇单甲醚分别作为单组分溶剂,又用乙醇分别与上述溶剂按一定比例配制成3种混合溶剂,用葡萄糖和锌粉为还原剂,以4-氯-2-硝基苯胺为原料,经重氮、偶合和二次还原合成紫外线吸试剂UV-327。结果表明,在该工艺的第2次还原中,混合溶剂比单组分溶剂效果好,用乙醇与氯苯配成的混合溶剂较好,溶剂回收率大于85%。通过HPLC,1H-NMR,IR和紫外光谱对目标产品进行了分析。该方法以4-氯-2-硝基苯胺计,总收率>83%,目标产品纯度为99.76%。     

一氧化氮(NO)在植物抗病防卫反应中的功能

一氧化氮(NO)是一种高度活性分子,能通过细胞膜快速扩散,在植物中NO可通过酶促途径和非酶促途径产生。已在多种受病原物诱导的植物中检测到NO的产生。研究发现在植物-病原物互作中NO在过敏性(HR)细胞死亡和系统获得抗性(SAR)的建立中起非常重要的信号调节作用。