Following a tick bite: double infections by tick-borne encephalitis virus and the spirochete Borrelia and other potential multiple infections

In Central Europe and large parts of Asia, tick-borne-encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis caused by the spirochetal bacterium of the genus Borrelia are among the most common diseases transmitted by the bite of a tick. When in regions with overlapping TBE virus and Borrelia endemicity, a tick bite causes the victim to become ill, it is important that appropriate serological and other laboratory investigations form part of the differential diagnosis. Account must always be taken of the fact that a tick bite may be followed by a double infection with the TBE virus and Borrelia. For this reason, a comprehensive diagnostic work-up aimed at detecting co-infection by both pathogens, even when the tick bite occurs in an endemic region for both pathogens but the initial clinical symptoms suggest an infection with only one of the two pathogens. The present article discusses a number of published cases of a co-infection with TBE virus and Borrelia and other potential multiple infections.     

抑制USP7活性对鸡抗沙门菌感染的影响

本研究旨在阐明去泛素酶USP7对雏鸡抵抗鼠伤寒沙门菌感染的影响。选用3日龄的白来航鸡40只,随机分为2组,每组20只,隔天腹腔注射USP7抑制剂P5091或对照溶剂,连续注射5次,待最后一次注射结束后第4天,对雏鸡人工口服感染鼠伤寒沙门菌,感染24 h后,采集样品,RT-qPCR检测IL-1β、IL-8、TNFα以及NF-κB的mRNA表达,平板涂布法检测雏鸡肝载菌量,H&E染色观察肝和肺的炎症状况。结果表明,P5091抑制USP7活性后,转录因子NF-κB mRNA水平显著降低,并且下游细胞因子IL-1β、IL-8以及TNF-α的表达均下调,雏鸡载菌量下降,H&E染色显示肝与肺炎症反应加剧。综上表明,USP7可能在机体抗沙门菌感染方面起重要作用。     

猪HSD11B1和MyoG基因多态性与妊娠期长短的关系

选择HSD11B1和MyoG2个基因作为影响妊娠期长短的候选基因。在7个中外猪群体中采用PCR-RFLP技术研究了HSD11B1和MyoG2个基因多态性与妊娠期长短的关系。HSD11B1基因的PCR-Bsh1236Ⅰ-RFLP分析结果表明：清平猪、新清平猪母系、大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪、中国瘦肉猪新品系DIV1和DIV2系猪群中A等位基因的频率分别为0.538、0.752、0.522、0.941、1.000、0.889和0.594;除DIV2外,HSD11B1不同基因型与妊娠期长短无显著关系（P〉0.05）。MyoG基因的PCR-MspⅠ-RFLP分析结果表明：清平猪、新清平猪母系、大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪、中国瘦肉猪新品系DIV1和DIV2系猪群中M等位基因的频率分别为1.000、0.534、0.370、0.115、0.094、0.382和0.243;清平猪中只存在MM基因型,其他群体中3种基因型皆有分布;新清平猪母系MM比NN基因型母猪妊娠期要短,且在经产长白猪中差异极显著（P〈0.01）。     

江苏常州地区禽白血病血清学调查研究

为了解江苏常州地区肉鸡禽白血病病毒(ALV)感染情况,本研究采集了该地区2019年7-12月、2020年1-4月肉鸡血清样本1257份,通过ELISA试剂盒检测ALV-A/B、ALV-J、抗原p27阳性率。结果显示：在接受调查的两个地区均存在ALV感染及混合感染,且ALV-A/B感染率(13.13%)均高于ALV-J(5.01%);不同月份阳性率存在一定差异,ALV-A/B、ALV-J均为春夏季阳性率较高,秋冬季逐渐下降趋势;抗体阳性样本中有54.39%的p27抗原阳性率。本次调查为江苏常州地区商品肉鸡ALV净化及防控提供一定的参考依据。     

2008-2009年反刍动物营养研究进展 Ⅵ.维生素

作者综述了2008-2009年维生素在反刍动物中的研究进展。维生素A可提高反刍动物的免疫功能,影响反刍动物脂肪组织的发育,具有抗氧化作用;维生素D3能提高奶牛血浆中钙、磷水平,提高血清中25-(OH)D3的浓度,影响牛肉品质;维生素E能提高肉牛的生产性能、奶牛的产奶量,降低繁殖疾病的发病率,刺激生殖器官发育,改善繁殖性能。烟酸能提高牛的生产性能,提高T3、T4水平;叶酸和维生素B12合用能增加牛奶中乳糖、蛋白质及总固形物的产量;胆碱可缓解奶牛产后能量负平衡状态。     

猪链球菌2型溶血素B细胞表位预测

目的预测猪链球菌2型(SS2)溶血素(SLY)B细胞表位。方法以DNAstar分析为主,综合分析二级结构、亲水性、表面可及性及抗原性指数,辅以吴玉章氨基酸抗原指数计算方法进行SS2溶血素B细胞表位预测。结果推测最有可能的B细胞表位位于溶血素N端第74～85、231～244区域位。结论应用多参数预测SS2溶血素的特征,为表位疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

表达大肠杆菌K88ac-ST1-LTB融合蛋白工程菌株的免疫原性研究

已构建的能表达大肠杆菌K88ac-ST1-LTB融合蛋白的工程菌株BL21（DE3）（pXKST3LT5)及其表达产物经动物试验证实没有毒性反应。用从IPTG诱导的工程菌中提取的包涵体或经甲醛灭活的工程菌制成抗原，免疫小鼠，结果免疫小鼠至少能抵抗2MLD的大肠杆菌强毒株C83902（K88ac,ST^ ,L^ )的攻击，用提取的包涵体免疫家兔后，采集的血清能够中和天然ST1的毒性，这表明构建的工程菌株BL21（DE3）（pXKST3LT5)可以作为预防幼畜大肠杆菌性腹泻基因工程菌苗的候选株。     

Serum cobalamin concentrations in healthy cats and cats with non-alimentary tract illness in Australia

Objective   To determine a reference range for serum cobalamin concentration in healthy cats in Australia using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay and to prospectively investigate the prevalence of hypocobalaminaemia in cats with non-alimentary tract disease.
Design   Prospective study measuring serum cobalamin concentrations in clinically healthy cats and cats with non-alimentary tract illness.
Procedure   Blood was collected from 50 clinically healthy cats that were owned by staff and associates of Veterinary Specialist Services or were owned animals presented to Creek Road Cat Clinic for routine vaccination. Blood was collected from 47 cats with non-alimentary tract illness presented at either clinic. Serum cobalamin concentration was determined for each group using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay.
Results   A reference range for Australian cats calculated using the central 95th percentile in the 50 clinically healthy cats was 345 to 3668 pg/mL. Median serum cobalamin concentration in 47 cats with non-alimentary tract illness (1186 pg/mL; range 117–3480) was not significantly different to the median serum cobalamin of the 50 healthy cats (1213 pg/mL, range 311–3688). Using the calculated reference range one sick cat with non-alimentary tract illness had a markedly low serum cobalamin concentration.
Conclusion   Although hypocobalaminaemia is uncommon in sick cats with non-alimentary tract illness in Australia, its occurrence in this study warrants further investigation.     

福建省羊传染性脓疱病毒F1L、B2L和VIR基因的遗传变异分析

为探明2014年-2015年在福建省流行的羊传染性脓疱病毒(ORFV)遗传变异情况,对10株ORFV流行毒株的F1L、B2L和VIR基因进行克隆、测序及分析。结果表明,10株ORFV F1L基因之间的核苷酸序列同源性为97.6%~100%,与国内株的核苷酸序列同源性为96.8%~99.7%,与NZ2参考株的核苷酸序列同源性为96.3%~97.1%;同NZ2参考株比较,FJ-YT2014缺失2个氨基酸;10株ORFV B2L基因之间核苷酸序列同源性为97.5%~99.9%,与国内株的核苷酸序列同源性为96.7%~99.5%,与NZ2参考株的核苷酸序列同源性为96.7%~97.7%;10株ORFV VIR基因之间的核苷酸序列同源性为95.8%~99.5%,与国内株的核苷酸序列同源性为94.6%~99.6%,与NZ2参考株的核苷酸序列同源性为94.6%~96.4%。基于基因核苷酸序列的遗传进化分析表明,10株ORFV F1L基因与福建省分离株、山西株和新疆株亲缘关系较近;10株ORFV B2L基因与新疆、山西、德国毒株亲缘关系较近;10株ORFV VIR基因与台湾、新疆株亲缘关系较近。结果提示,当前福建省流行的ORFV F1L、B2L和VIR基因尚未出现明显变异,但是其F1L、B2L和VIR基因核苷酸序列之间普遍存在异质性。     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS ASSOCIATED WITH NECROTIZING ENCEPHALITIS IN TWO YORKSHIRE TERRIERS

Two young adult Yorkshire terriers had neurologic signs consistent with forebrain and brainstem involvement or forebrain involvement alone. On magnetic resonance imaging studies there were asymmetric bilateral lesions mainly in the cerebral cortex, and in the diencephalon. These areas were hyperintense on T2-weighted and FLAIR images, but hypointense or isointense on T1-weighted images. Lesions had a varying degree of contrast enhancement. Areas which were isointense on T1-weighted images had no contrast enhancement or only foci of contrast enhancement. Lesions with hypointensity in T1-weighted images had no enhancement or more frequently ring-like enhancement around the lesion. Necrotizing encephalitis was confirmed pathohistologically in both dogs. The degree of contrast enhancement appeared to be related to the degree of lymphohistiocytic inflammation on histologic examination.