西方蜜蜂对不同小菊品种花冠精油的嗅觉和触角电位反应

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了8种不同小菊品种的花冠精油,并利用嗅觉仪和触角电位(EAG)仪比较分析了西方蜜蜂对不同小菊品种花冠精油的嗅觉和触角电位反应。结果表明:西方蜜蜂对不同品种小菊花冠精油挥发物的嗅觉反应不同。其中,西方蜜蜂对0.1μL·mL-1的‘金陵春梦’和‘金陵晚霞’挥发油表现出明显的正趋性,选择系数分别为0.72和0.63。西方蜜蜂对不同品种(或材料)小菊花冠精油的EAG反应亦有差异,其中对‘04-1-29’、‘金陵双秀’小菊的EAG反应值显著大于其他供试小菊(P<0.05),而对‘金陵锦袍’和‘04-8-8’小菊的EAG反应值小于其他供试小菊。     

Comparison of host volatiles under different physiological states and electroantennogram responses of Semanotus bifasciatus （Motschulsky） to these volatiles

Based on an analytical TCT-GC/MS method, volatile compounds of branches of Platycladus orientalis under three physiological states （healthy, weak and baited trees） were analyzed. The results showed that α-pinene, β-phellandrene, 3-careen, limonene and thujopsene were released under all three physiological states. There were other kinds of volatiles released from branches of weak P. orientalis trees, such as camphene, γ-terpinene, （＋）-4-carene and cedrene, but these four volatiles compounds were not released from the branches of healthy P. orientalis. Volatile components from the physically damaged branches of P. orientalis had changed. β-terpinene, mycrene, isocaryophillene and caryophyllene were identified in both healthy and weak branches of P. orientalis. Only cedrene was identified in the baited wood. Electroantennogram （EAG） tests were conducted with nine volatile compounds from the branches of P. orientalis. Antennnae of male and female Semanotus bifasciatus （Motschulsky） were highly sensitive to these nine volatile compounds. Cedrene elicited the strongest response, whereas β-terpinene the lowest. Males and females showed no signifi-cant difference in their EAG responses to the nine volatile compounds.     

Mutagenesis of odorant coreceptor Orco reveals the distinct role of olfaction between sexes in Spodoptera frugiperda

Odorant receptor (OR) is crucial for insects to detect and recognize external chemical cues closely related to their survival. The insect OR forms a heteromeric complex composed of a ligand-specific receptor and a ubiquitously odorant receptor coreceptor (Orco). This study used the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to knock out (KO) Orco and reveal its essential role in acting on OR-meditated olfactory behavior in a critical invasive agricultural pest, the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda. Electroantennogram (EAG) results suggested that the Orco mutants of both male and female moths severely reduced their electrophysiological responses to the eight tested plant volatiles and two sex pheromones. However, the Orco gene played distinct roles in mating behavior between sexes: the mating behavior was fully disrupted in mutated males but not in mutated females. The oviposition result indicated that the Orco KO females displayed reduced egg laying by 24.1% compared with the mated wild type (WT) females. Overall, these results strongly suggest that Orco is an excellent target for disrupting FAW’s normal behavior and provides a feasible pest control approach.     

马铃薯甲虫对植物挥发物和聚集素的触角电位反应

马铃薯甲虫是马铃薯上一种最主要的毁灭性害虫,在我国属于入侵性害虫。试验对已报道的马铃薯甲虫寄主植物挥发物成分和马铃薯甲虫聚集素进行了触角电位（EAG）测定。结果表明：原液、1／10原液、1／100原液3个浓度均为（E）-2-己烯-1．醇、1-己醇、2-苯乙醇和聚集素的EAG反应最明显,马铃薯甲虫雄虫对里那醇、壬醛、水杨酸甲酯和苯乙酸甲酯原液的EAG反应值明显大于雌虫。该研究结果可为开发马铃薯甲虫田间引诱剂提供理论依据。     

花椒窄吉丁对寄主挥发物的触角电位及行为反应

【目的】探明寄主挥发物对花椒窄吉丁的引诱或驱避作用,为研制和开发花椒窄吉丁植物源引诱剂或驱避剂提供理论依据。【方法】利用固相微萃取和GC-MS分析花椒健康植株和受花椒窄吉丁危害植株不同部位的主要挥发性化合物,并采用触角电位仪(EAG)和Y型嗅觉仪测定花椒窄吉丁对寄主植物挥发物的触角电位和行为反应。【结果】健康花椒叶片中主要含β-石竹烯(13.27%)、反式β-罗勒烯(16.82%)和α-罗勒烯(16.42%),嫩枝中主要含β-石竹烯(25.98%)、乙酸香叶酯(15.89%)和荜澄茄油烯(17.27%),韧皮部主要含(1R)-(+)-α-蒎烯(25.91%)和β-石竹烯(47.98%)。花椒受虫害后各部位的月桂烯、(1R)-(+)-柠檬烯和乙酸芳樟酯的相对含量均升高,β-石竹烯和乙酸香叶酯相对含量均降低;韧皮部有新的挥发物α-水芹烯等生成。11种挥发物均能引起花椒窄吉丁的触角电位(EAG)反应,且多数挥发物在100μg/μL时引起成虫的EAG反应最强,但β-蒎烯在10μg/μL时引起两性成虫最大的EAG反应绝对值,(1R)-(+)-柠檬烯、月桂烯在10μg/μL时引起雌虫最大的EAG反应绝对值,在100μg/μL时引起雄虫最大的EAG反应绝对值。11种挥发物中乙酸香叶酯、桉叶油醇、葎草烯引起花椒窄吉丁的EAG反应相对较弱。除α-水芹烯,两性成虫对挥发物的EAG反应不存在显著的性别差异。行为反应测定结果表明,(1R)-(+)-α-蒎烯在1μg/μL时对雌雄成虫均有显著地驱避作用,β-蒎烯在0.1μg/μL时对雄虫有显著地驱避作用,β-石竹烯在10μg/μL时对雌虫有显著驱避作用(P0.05)。0.1μg/μL的水芹烯、10和100μg/μL月桂烯、0.1和1μg/μL(1R)-(+)-柠檬烯对雄虫具有明显的引诱作用。0.1~10μg/μL乙酸芳樟酯对雌虫具有引诱作用,在100μg/μL时却表现出驱避作用。【结论】花椒受虫害后各部位挥发物的种类和相对含量发生改变,其中月桂烯、(1R)-(+)-柠檬烯和乙酸芳樟酯的相对含量明显升高,β-石竹烯、乙酸香叶酯的相对含量明显降低,并有新物质α-水芹烯等生成。0.1μg/μLα-水芹烯、10~100μg/μL月桂烯、0.1~1μg/μL(1R)-(+)-柠檬烯、0.1~10μg/μL乙酸芳樟酯对花椒窄吉丁具有引诱作用,1~100μg/μL(1R)-(+)-α-蒎烯、0.1μg/μLβ-蒎烯、10μg/μLβ-石竹烯对花椒窄吉丁具有驱避作用。     

红蓼提取物对桃蚜拒食活性及触角电位的研究

研究了红蓼的不同溶剂提取物对桃蚜的拒食活性和电生理—触角电位(EAG)的反应。结果表明:甲醇提取物对桃蚜具有较好的拒食活性,且随着处理时间的延长,拒食效果仍保持较高的水平。处理6h、12h和24h后的拒食中浓度分别为6.0545mg·mL-1、4.0363mg·mL-1和2.6387mg·mL-1。触角电位也表明桃蚜对甲醇提取物有明显的EAG反应,且随着浓度的增加而增强。     

小菜蛾对金腰箭挥发油的触角电位反应及趋性

采用触角电位仪测定了小菜蛾对金腰箭挥发油的触角电位反应。结果表明,小菜蛾成虫对金腰箭挥发油的触角电位反应强度与挥发油剂量成正比。四臂嗅觉仪试验进一步表明,金腰箭挥发油对小菜蛾成虫起到驱避作用。     

白星花金龟对糖醋液9种挥发物的触角电位和行为反应

【目的】 研究白星花金龟(Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis)对糖醋液的趋性,寻找对白星花金龟具有引诱活性的化合物。【方法】 运用触角电位(electroantennogram,EAG)仪和“Y”型嗅觉仪测定白星花金龟触角电位和行为反应。【结果】 白星花金龟对9种糖醋液挥发物均有一定的EAG反应,雌、雄成虫对戊酸乙酯、2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷和糠醛有较高的EAG反应值,此外,雄成虫还对乳酸乙酯和正己酸有较高的EAG反应值。“Y”型嗅觉仪分析表明,2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷和乳酸乙酯对白星花金龟雌、雄两性成虫均有良好的引诱作用;白星花金龟雌、雄成虫对糠醛和正己酸的选择存在性别差异,糠醛对雌成虫具有较好引诱作用,雄成虫对其无明显趋性,正己酸对雄成虫具有较好引诱作用,雌成虫对其无明显趋性。【结论】 2,2,4,6,6-五甲基庚烷、乳酸乙酯、糠醛和正己酸可作为白星花金龟引诱剂配方的组成成分。     

黏虫幼虫体表挥发物成分鉴定及其对中红侧沟茧蜂寄主定位行为的影响

为提高中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator田间寄生效率，对黏虫Mythimna separata 1～5龄幼虫体表挥发物进行提取，采用气相色谱-质谱（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）技术对其成分进行分析，采用气相色谱-触角电位（gas chromatography-electron antenneal detection,GCEAD）技术确定引起中红侧沟茧蜂触角电位（electroantennogram,EAG）反应的挥发性物质，同时通过Y型嗅觉仪测定中红侧沟茧蜂对其的选择反应。结果显示，中红侧沟茧蜂雌成蜂对黏虫1～3龄幼虫体表粗提物有显著的选择反应，反应率分别为60%、68%和56%；中红侧沟茧蜂触角对黏虫体表粗提物中的2,4-二甲基庚烷、5-乙基-2-甲基辛烷、十二烷、1,3-二叔丁基苯、2,4-二甲基十一烷、十六烷、2,6,10,15-四甲基十七烷和抗坏血酸二棕榈酸酯10种物质均有电生理反应，EAG反应随浓度升高而增强；中红侧沟茧蜂雌雄成蜂对这10种物质的选择反应存在性别差异；其中中红侧沟茧蜂对其中的8种物质及...