水果收集果蝇的试验研究

[目的]探讨吸引果蝇的诱饵。[方法]选择苹果、香蕉、葡萄和玉米培养基（CK）作为诱饵,研究他们收集果蝇的效果。[结果]结果表明,在自然情况下,3种常见水果都能诱捕到果蝇,但香蕉和葡萄采集效果极显著,高于苹果和玉米培养基。[结论]该研究为果蝇的收集和为害提供科学依据。     

果蝇小翅·残翅基因作用探究

[目的]探究果蝇小翅与残翅基因间的作用关系。[方法]利用果蝇2种不同翅型的突变体进行杂交,找出小翅、残翅基因同时存在个体,观察其翅的表型,同时对翅的分离比进行推测,研究果蝇小翅与残翅基因间的作用关系。[结果]正反交果蝇的表现型不相同。果蝇的小翅品系和残翅品系的正交组合的杂交后代F1雌、雄全部为长翅,而反交组合的雌蝇为长翅,雄蝇为小翅。F2的翅型有长翅、小翅、残翅3种,小翅、残翅基因同时存在的个体表型为残翅,并且翅型分离比均为长翅：小翅：残翅=3：3：2。[结论]残翅基因对小翅基因具有遮盖作用。     

Role of the ejaculatory bulb in biosynthesis of the male pheromone cis‐vaccenyl acetate in Drosophila melanogaster

In Drosophila melanogaster, the male ejaculatory bulb is the site of synthesis of a male‐specific pheromone, cis‐vaccenyl acetate, which functions as both an attractant and an anti‐aphrodisiac. This long monounsaturated acetate is structurally similar to a number of shorter gland‐synthesized moth pheromones. The cell monolayer that forms the Drosophila male ejaculatory bulb wall is responsible for the production and secretion of cis‐vaccenyl acetate into the seminal fluid. When dissected bulbs were incubated with sodium [14‐C]‐acetate (or deuterated acetate), a labeled acetate ester was synthesized. The labeled acetate ester co‐migrated with cis‐vaccenyl acetate in thin layer chromatography. Incubation of the abdomens of males from which the ejaculatory bulbs had been removed, or the abdomens of females, with radiolabeled acetate did not yield any acetate ester, but did yield other lipid products, including hydrocarbons. When the isolated labeled acetate ester was hydrolyzed, no radioactive vaccenol was formed. This strongly suggests that the acetyl group is incorporated via a transacetylation reaction, but that the vaccenyl moiety is not synthetized in the blub. The transacetylation enzyme activity was localized in the microsomal subfraction of the bulb homogenate, and its affinity for vaccenol was not very different from that reported for monounsaturated alcohol substrates in moths.     

牛、果蝇DHX36解旋酶的表达纯化及活性比较

【目的】探索牛和果蝇DHX36解旋酶的表达纯化条件及底物结合活性,为深入研究DEAH-box解旋酶提供理论参考。【方法】以较高等动物牛(Bos taurus)和较低等动物黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)RNA解旋酶BtDHX36和DmDHX36为研究对象,首先,构建重组表达载体pET15b-sumo-BtDHX36和pET15b-sumo-DmDHX36,将2种质粒分别转入表达菌株BL21(DE3)中,诱导表达2种目的蛋白,利用Ni-NTA层析柱、HisTrap SP HP柱纯化得到目的蛋白。然后,采用荧光各向异性法(FA)研究溶液和温度条件对2种蛋白底物结合活性的影响,以及二者的底物结合偏好性。最后利用快速停流-荧光共振能量转移(FRET)技术对2种DHX36的双链底物解旋活性进行比较。【结果】获得了纯度大于95%的全长BtDHX36和DmDHX36蛋白,2种DHX36解旋酶的最佳底物结合条件为:20 mmol/L Tris-HCl (pH 7.5)、50 mmol/L NaCl、2 mmol/L MgCl_2、反应温度37℃。在此条件下,2种同源DHX36均可结合多种类型核酸底物(ssRNA、ssDNA、parallel G4、anti-parallel G4),且BtDHX36结合平行结构G4底物(parallel G4)的倾向更明显,DmDHX36无此趋势;2种DHX36解旋酶结合不同长度ssDNA的能力不同,BtDHX36更倾向于结合较长的单链DNA底物,而DmDHX36更倾向于结合较短的单链DNA底物;二者均能高效解旋dsRNA和dsDNA底物,DmDHX36更倾向于解旋dsDNA,而BtDHX36无明显倾向性。【结论】成功表达并纯化了BtDHX36和DmDHX36蛋白,确定了其最适结合条件,比较了2种DHX36解旋酶对不同底物的结合及解旋偏好。     

亚硝酸钠对果蝇寿命和生育力的影响及维生素C对其拮抗作用研究

以黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)为试验动物, 研究了亚硝酸钠对果蝇寿命和生育力的影响及维生素C（Vc）对其拮抗作用。结果表明：培养基中添加亚硝酸钠可以显著缩短果蝇的平均寿命、最短和最长平均寿命。与对照组相比,除30mg/mL亚硝酸钠处理组的雄果蝇差异不显著外,其它实验组果蝇平均寿命均显著或极显著缩短（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。果蝇的生育力也随着亚硝酸钠浓度的升高而降低,各实验组与对照相比差异均达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）。随后通过在添加480mg/mL亚硝酸钠的培养基中加入不同浓度Vc,结果发现,除雄果蝇的0.13%实验组与对照差异不显著外,雌、雄果蝇的平均寿命随Vc浓度的提高而显著或极显著延长（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。除0.13%实验组与对照差异不显著外,果蝇生育力其它两组均极显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）。     

基于LED诱虫灯的果蝇趋光性试验

采用固体冷光源发光二极管(LED),设计了可以调控LED光源光密度、闪烁频率和波长的柔性诱虫灯,并对果蝇进行了趋光性试验。结果表明,果蝇趋性最强的光源波长为560 nm,光强弱的黄绿光诱捕效果最好。     

家蚕微孢子虫转宿主果蝇的研究初探

[目的]研究家蚕微孢子虫对果蝇的侵染性,为系统研究家蚕微孢子虫侵染机制提供新视野,也为探索微孢子虫的生物防治效果提供参考。[方法]用家蚕微孢子添食野生型和突变型果蝇,并用Calcofluor White M2R荧光染色法进行果蝇体液内的家蚕微孢子虫形态观察。[结果]结果表明,家蚕微孢子虫在转宿主情况下能够侵染果蝇,且被感染的突变型果蝇体内家蚕微孢子虫的数量多于野生型果蝇。[结论]家蚕微孢子虫能侵染果蝇,该研究结果为研究家蚕微孢子虫侵染其他宿主提供了初步参考,为进一步了解和认识家蚕微孢子虫侵染机制奠定了基础。