金龟子绿僵菌对果蝇的生防效果

为了筛选出强致病力的绿僵菌资源,采用单因素试验测定了云南不同生境来源金龟子绿僵菌菌株对黑腹果蝇的致病力。结果表明:来源于不同生境的6株金龟子绿僵菌菌株对果蝇均有致病力,但其致病力大小具有较大差异,半数致死时间(LT50)为3~6d。其中,来源于香格里拉、兰坪和楚雄的菌株其致病力较强,尤以菌株MAX-2的致病力最强,其LT50为3d,具有较大的推广应用潜力。构建了以黑腹果蝇为靶标昆虫的强致病力金龟子绿僵菌资源筛选模式。     

激动素对果蝇生长发育过程中体重的影响

[目的]探讨激动素的抗衰老机理,为其临床应用提供理论依据。[方法]分别用含有0、20、40、60、80、100、120mg／kg激动素的培养基喂饲野生黑腹果蝇,研究不同浓度的激动素对果蝇生长发育过程中体重的影响。[结果]雌性果蝇的体重在0与20、40、60、80、100mg／kg之间有统计学差异,而在其他浓度之间,除0与120、40、100mg／kg之间没有显著差异外,均有明显差异。雄性果蝇的体重在0与100、80mg／kg之间有显著差异,在80mg／kg与20、120mg/kg之间以及100mg/kg与120mg／kg之间也有显著差异,在其他浓度之间则没有明显差异。[结论]以80mg／kg为界,低于这个浓度的激动素会促进果蝇体重的增长,高于这个浓度的激动素会抑制果蝇体重的增长：     

黑腹果蝇抗真菌肽基因Drs和Drs-lC在原核中的表达及抗菌活性的初步测定

对黑腹果蝇(Drosophila m elanogaster)抗真菌肽基因Drs和它的同系物基因Drs-lC在pET-21d载体中与T7.Tag标签序列进行了融合表达,并对融合表达产物进行Xa因子切割前后的抗菌活性测定。首先通过长引物PCR获得5′端带有Xa因子识别切割序列的Drs和Drs-lC,分别克隆至pET-21d表达载体上,然后转化E.coliO rigam i(DE3),筛选得到阳性克隆。以IPTG诱导目的基因与载体上的T7.Tag标签序列融合表达,将表达产物进行初步纯化后,以Xa因子进行切割处理,然后测定处理前后样品的抗菌活性。结果显示与T7.Tag标签序列融合表达的D rs、D rs-lC样品和经Xa因子切割后的样品对供试真菌黄色镰刀菌(Fusarium culm orum)、尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxs-porum)和粗糙脉孢菌(Neuropora crassa)均有明显的抑制作用。     

Sugar derivatives containing oxiranes and alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-lactones as potential environmentally friendly insecticides

A range of novel sugar derivatives containing oxiranes or alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-lactones in their structure were evaluated as potential insecticides with the added possible benefit of being benign in the environment. A number of arthropod species were chosen to represent those in the terrestrial, aerial and aquatic environments, covering target adult insects such as Musca domestica L (housefly) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (glasshouse whitefly), which are public health and horticultural pests, Drosophila melanogaster Meig (fruitfly), both adult and larva, and a marine non-target crustacean, Artemia salina L. The tested compounds possessed efficacy and selectivity against these insect species, but were not toxic to brine shrimps, a reference organism in assays to evaluate the potential toxicity hazard to invertebrates in ecosystems.     

Virtual screening identifies a novel piperazine-based insect juvenile hormone agonist

Juvenile hormone (JH) agonists constitute a subclass of insect growth regulators and play important roles in insect pest management. In this work, a multi-step virtual screening program was executed to find novel JH agonists. A database of 5 million purchasable compounds was sequentially processed with three computational filters: (i) shape and chemical similarity as compared to known JH-active compounds; (ii) molecular docking simulations against a Drosophila JH receptor, methoprene-tolerant; and (iii) free energy calculation of ligand–receptor binding using a modified MM/PBSA (molecular mechanics/Poisson–Boltzmann surface area) protocol. The 11 candidates that passed the three filters were evaluated in a luciferase reporter assay, leading to the identification of a hit compound that contains a piperazine ring system (EC₅₀=870 nM). This compound is structurally dissimilar to known JH agonists and synthetically easy to access; therefore, it is a promising starting point for further structure optimization.     

浙江省杨梅园果蝇及其寄生性天敌种类多样性调查

首次系统地调查了浙江省杨梅主要产区果蝇及其寄生性天敌种群资源,明确了为害杨梅的果蝇主要类群及其寄生性天敌优势种类。采用形态学鉴定与COI分子生物学方法相结合,分析发现我省杨梅果蝇种类主要有6种：黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster、斑翅果蝇D.suzukii、拟果蝇D.simulans、高桥氏果蝇D.takahashii、伊米果蝇D.immigrans和黑果蝇D.virile;浙江省杨梅果蝇寄生蜂有9种,分属于4个科,它们分别是茧蜂科Braconidae的开臂反颚茧蜂属Asobara、环腹瘿蜂科Figitidae的丽匙胸瘿蜂属Ganaspis和小环腹瘿蜂属Leptopilina、锤角细蜂科Diapriidae的毛锤角细蜂属Trichopria和金小蜂科Pteromalidae的蝇蛹金小蜂属Pachycrepoideus。同时,不同年份杨梅果园果蝇种群数量变动较大,其中2018年各地区斑翅果蝇比例明显高于2019年。大部分地区（杭州除外）开臂反颚茧蜂属Asobara寄生蜂数量明显多于其他寄生蜂,为浙江省果蝇优势寄生蜂。本文最后就各类寄生蜂生物学特性及其生防潜力进行了讨论,旨在为杨梅果园及其他果园果蝇害虫的生物防治提供基础资料。