核桃密闭园密度干预措施

早实核桃一般要采取规模化建园、集约化生产,树体年生长量较大,进入盛果期后,树体高大密闭,会导致生产能力下降,病虫危害加剧,树体生长势衰落,给日常管理带来不便。对此,本文提出要对密闭园进行密度干预,通过对盛果期核桃园植株间伐、植株改接、换头培养用材品种或移栽另新建园等方式,进行科学改造,实现果园提质增效和产业的可持续发展。     

氮素浓度对“新温185号”核桃细根密度和分布的影响

以新疆核桃主栽品种"新温185号"为试材,通过设置不同施氮处理,采用根钻取样法和图像扫描分析法,对不同氮素供应水平下核桃细根(直径≤2mm)的空间分布和细根根长比例进行了研究。结果表明:在垂直方向上,细根根长密度随着土层深度的增加呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势,0～70cm深度土层是"新温185号"核桃细根集中分布区域;在水平方向上,距离树干150cm以内是核桃细根集中分布区域,细根根长密度随着与树干距离的增加而减小;各施氮处理核桃细根根长密度显著高于对照,随着施氮量的增加,核桃细根根长密度和总根长中细根长度比例呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,表现为中氮处理(单株施氮量1.2kg)>高氮处理(单株施氮量1.8kg)>低氮处理(单株施氮量0.6kg)>对照(单株施氮量0kg)。"新温185号"核桃的栽培应加强距离树干150cm以内0～70cm深度土层的水肥管理,适量施氮能够促进细根形成,氮素亏缺和过量均不利于细根生长。     

泥炭覆土搅拌时间对覆土结构及双孢蘑菇产量和质量的影响

为优化双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)覆土技术,以泥炭为覆土材料,研究泥炭覆土搅拌时间对覆土物理结构以及对双孢蘑菇产量和质量的影响。结果证实,随搅拌时间的延长,泥炭覆土充气孔隙度降低,容重增加。充气孔隙度与双孢蘑菇产量高度正相关,但是与双孢蘑菇子实体大小及商品菇率高度负相关;覆土容重与双孢蘑菇产量高度负相关,但是与双孢蘑菇子实体大小及商品菇率高度正相关。搅拌时间较短的覆土(5~20 min),双孢蘑菇总产量较高,且每潮菇产量更均匀,更有利于工厂化生产。搅拌时间较长的覆土(40~120 min),双孢蘑菇子实体较大,但是会降低双孢蘑菇的总产量以及影响每潮菇产量的均匀性。本试验条件下泥炭覆土最适搅拌时间为10 min,双孢蘑菇3潮菇总产量34.5 kg/m~2,商品菇产量27 kg/m~2。研究初步揭示覆土物理结构对双孢蘑菇产量及质量的影响,为优化覆土技术及筛选优质覆土材料提供参考。     

栽插密度及方式对杂交水稻"红莲优6号"产量和品质的影响

以杂交水稻“红莲优6号”为材料,通过3种不同栽插密度及方式来构建不同的群体结构,研究群体结构对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明:适宜密度(2.7×105穴/hm2)和栽插方式(宽行窄株)有利于杂交水稻组合“红莲优6号”产量和稻米品质的提高。密度和栽插方式主要影响群体叶面积指数、植株个体光合速率和群体内部光环境,对品质的影响,主要是降低稻米的垩白粒率和垩白度。     

O在Rh(100)表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用第一性原理的密度泛函理论计算了O原子在Rh（100）表面的吸附,得到了电子特性及各种结构参数,并给出了不同覆盖度下O原子在Rh（100）表面上3个位置吸附后的能量,结果表明,O原子在Rh（100）表面可以发生稳定的吸附,最高吸附能为2．53eV。同时,通过对O原子的态密度进行分析,得到如下结论：O原子在Rh（100）面上的吸附主要是由于O的2p轨道与基底金属的4d轨道相互作用的结果。     

Effect of Wood Vinegar on Seed Germination and Water Implantation of Com

To analyze the effect of wood vinegar on seed germination and seedling growth, the seeds of corn are dipped in wood vinegar of different densities. The results showed that significant effects were found through all the treatments on the seed germination rate, the seed germinating energy and the germinating index. The regress CUBICS curves were developed to describe the relation. The reasonable parameters range was obtained. At the same time, the com was cultivated by wood vinegar of different densities, aiming to study the effect of wood vinegar on biomass. It showed that all treatments had obvious effects on the seedling length and dry weight aboveground, the chlorophyll and dry weight underground were not included. The research results could be used to direct the wood vinegar deeply refining process and product development.     

玉米种植密度与源、流、库关系研究进展

概述了种植密度对玉米源、流、库的影响,阐述了玉米密度效应与产量的内在关系,并对当前玉米密度研究存在的问题进行了分析.     

BiFeO3-SrBi2Nb2O9陶瓷的表征及复阻抗研究

对单相层状钙钛矿结构的xBiFeO3-(1-x)SrBi2Nb2O9(x=0,0.1)陶瓷进行了表征和复阻抗分析。结果表明,BiFeO3的掺入降低了SBN的烧结温度,陶瓷晶粒尺寸减小,致密度提高;在较高温度时,SBFN的电学响应主要来源于晶粒效应,而SBN的电学响应则是晶粒效应、晶界效应和电极与介质界面效应的共同作用。     

Improved Prediction and Reduction of Sampling Density for Soil Salinity by Different Geostatistical Methods

The spatial estimation for soil properties was improved and sampling intensities also decreased in terms of incorporated auxiliary data. In this study, kriging and two interpolation methods were proven well to estimate auxiliary variables： cokriging and regression-kriging, and using the salinity data from the first two stages as auxiliary variables, the methods both improved the interpolation of soil salinity in coastal saline land. The prediction accuracy of the three methods was observed under different sampling density of the target variable by comparison with another group of 80 validation sample points, from which the root-mean-square error （RMSE） and correlation coefficient （r） between the predicted and measured values were calculated. The results showed, with the help of auxiliary data, whatever the sample size of the target variable may be, cokriging and regression-kriging performed better than ordinary kriging. Moreover, regression-kriging produced on average more accurate predictions than cokriging. Compared with the kriging results, cokriging improved the estimations by reducing RMSE from 23.3 to 29% and increasing r from 16.6 to 25.5%, regression-kriging improved the estimations by reducing RMSE from 25 to 41.5% and increasing r from 16.8 to 27.2%. Therefore, regression-kriging shows promise for improved prediction for soil salinity and reduction of soil sampling intensity considerably while maintaining high prediction accuracy. Moreover, in regression-kriging, the regression model can have any form, such as generalized linear models, non-linear models or tree-based models, which provide a possibility to include more ancillary variables.     

北京林业生物质资源空间密度分布计算及加工点选址优化

以研究区域遥感影像数据为基础,利用遥感和地理信息系统工具,计算出归一化植被指数(NDVI);以各区县各林地类型林业生物质资源理论资源总量和NDVI地理图层为基础(NDVI为权数),生成林业生物质资源理论量空间密度分布图层;再利用理论量地理图层计算研究区域林业生物质资源的可用量,最后进行林业生物质资源收集地点和加工地点的选址分析和优化。在选址的定性分析过程中,充分考虑经济和操作可行性,以一系列定性因素作为约束条件,利用GIS的空间数据处理功能,确定出候选区域;在定量分析过程中,以定位配给模型和服务区模型为基础,按照给定的选址分析步骤和优化方法,计算出各候选选址位置(候选区域的质心)的评价指标,用于评价各候选点的优先等级。最后给出了研究区域内生物质燃料加工厂和林业生物质资源收集点的理论上的最优位置,以及现有加工地点和候选加工地点的服务区域。