渔业科学数据智能RSS阅读器的设计研究

针对传统RSS阅读器在实际应用中接收大量冗余信息的问题,提出一种智能化的RSS阅读器。该阅读器基于渔业科学数据平台,采用向量空间模型,运用中文分词、对象持久化等技术实现智能原理,设计实现了智能化RSS阅读器。实验证明：该阅读器的过滤有效性为86.2%,过滤准确性为82.4%,能够较好地过滤掉与用户不相关的信息。应用结果表明：渔业科学数据智能RSS阅读器的实现可使用户获得更精准的信息。     

江苏农村居民消费结构实证分析

为提高农村居民生活质量,促进江苏经济持续健康发展,基于ELES模型,利用2000—2013年的经济数据,对江苏省农村居民的消费结构特征进行了实证研究。结果表明：2000—2013年,江苏省农村居民消费水平有了很大的提升,消费结构上教育与文娱以及交通通讯支出比例逐渐加大。边际消费倾向分析表明,食品、居住、交通通讯以及文教娱乐是江苏农村居民主要消费重点。弹性分析表明,除了食品为居民生活必需品,其余消费品均为奢侈品。     

基于WIN ISAREG模型的青贮玉米灌溉制度优化研究

为了探索锡林河流域青贮玉米高效节水的最优灌溉制度,进行了连续2年的田间灌溉试验,研究了滴灌条件下青贮玉米的灌溉制度。研究表明,青贮玉米在拔节期-抽雄期土壤水消耗比率最低,作物系数、产量反应系数和腾发量在整个生育期内均达到最大,为青贮玉米的需水关键期;在田间试验的基础上,利用WIN ISAREG模型对实际灌溉制度进行了评价,并模拟了多种组合方案,得到了青贮玉米优选的灌溉制度,青贮玉米生育期内共灌水8次,灌水量200 mm,产量下降率为5.6%,灌水效率达到100%。研究结果可为流域内的青贮玉米灌溉预报,以及有效的利用当地水资源提供参考。     

甘蓝型油菜叶片和角果气体交换参数差异的比较

为探究油菜叶片与角果间光合特性的差异,以双低高油甘蓝型油菜杂交种秦优7号为材料,在不同光照、CO2浓度、温度和一日之内不同时间点等条件下比较了叶片和角果间气体交换参数的差别,结果显示:叶片和角果的气体交换参数随光强、CO2浓度、温度、一日之内时间的变化趋势基本相同。在同等光照条件下,叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率和气孔限制值均高于角果,而胞间CO2浓度蒸腾速率低于角果;叶片的光饱和点、光补偿点、光呼吸速率明显比角果低,而光量子效率显著高于角果。在同等CO2浓度条件下叶片的净光合速率、水分利用效率、气孔限制值均明显高于角果,而胞间CO2浓度低于角果;叶片的CO2饱和点、CO2补偿点均比角果低,而羧化效率则显著高于角果。叶片进行光合反应的最适温度低于角果,在各自最适和相同温度范围内叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、气孔限制值均明显高于角果,而叶片的胞间CO2浓度、水分利用效率则比角果明显降低。在整个日变化范围内叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、气孔限制值、水分利用效率明显比角果高,而叶片的胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率则明显比角果低。     

基于光谱指数的苹果叶片水分含量估算模型研究

建立快速、无损的苹果叶片水分含量高光谱估算模型,为苹果树干旱预警提供理论依据。以2个不同生育期采集的苹果叶片为研究对象,研究了不同水分含量的苹果叶片高光谱特征,分析了苹果叶片水分含量与光谱指数(WI、WBI、PWI、GVWI、MSI、 NDW)之间的相关关系,建立了苹果叶片水分含量估算模型。结果表明,苹果叶片水分含量的敏感光谱波段主要集中于近红外和短波红外波段;利用6个光谱指数建立的单变量估算模型均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),但以水分指数（WI）建立的估算模型y=29503x2-57746x+28317的拟合决定系数R2最大,为0.5401;经检验,拟合方程的RMSE为 2.4,RE为 5.8%,检验精度达到了94.2%。采用主成分回归分析方法,建立的苹果叶片水分含量估算模型y=-556.819+347.838x1-17.815x2-27.864x3+299.492x4+25.647x5+9.835x6的拟合决定系数R2为0.6371,经检验,拟合方程的RMSE为 1.26,RE为 1.8%,检验精度达到了98.2%。表明以主成分回归分析建立的苹果叶片水分含量估算模型具有较好的敏感性和稳定性。     

叶面肥对无土栽培樱桃番茄性状的影响及产量与植株性状的数学模型研究

为了探索樱桃番茄无土栽培在海南热带地区种植效果及植株产量效应,本研究通过增施不同量叶面肥,设计3种处理、3次重复随机试验,并对试验最佳效果的植株产量、株高和茎粗建立相关数学模型。结果表明,增施叶面肥较传统施肥有明显增产效果,平均增产2250 kg/hm²,增产20.2%。而樱桃番茄株高与产量、茎粗与产量具有显著相关性,其模型分别为Y_单株产量=(47.92060X_{株高-24.95763)² (P= 0.0114＜0.05)和Y单株产量=(61.885X茎粗-46.97988)² (P=0.0372＜0.05),符合植株生长趋势变化。因此,在海南开展樱桃番茄无土栽培是可行的,且可以通过调控来调节植株生长情况从而提高产量,增加经济效益。}     

Can conservation tillage mitigate climate change impacts in Mediterranean cereal systems? A soil organic carbon assessment using long term experiments

Simulation models, informed and validated with datasets from long term experiments (LTEs), are considered useful tools to explore the effects of different management strategies on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and evaluate suitable mitigative options for climate change. But, while there are several studies which assessed a better prediction of crop yields using an ensemble of models, no studies are currently available on the evaluation of a model ensemble on SOC stocks. In this study we assessed the advantages of using an ensemble of crop models (APSIM-NWheat, DSSAT, EPIC, SALUS), calibrated and validated with datasets from LTEs, to estimate SOC dynamics. Then we used the mean of the model ensemble to assess the impacts of climate change on SOC stocks under conventional (CT) and conservation tillage practices (NT: No Till; RT: Reduced Tillage). The assessment was completed for two long-term experiment sites (Agugliano – AN and Pisa – PI2 sites) in Italy under rainfed conditions. A durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) – maize (Zea mays L.) rotation system was evaluated under two different climate scenarios over the periods 1971–2000 (CP: Present Climate) and 2021–2050 (CF: Future Climate), generated by setting up a statistical model based on canonical correlation analysis. Our study showed a decrease of SOC stocks in both sites and tillage systems over CF when compared with CP. At the AN site, CT lost −7.3% and NT −7.9% of SOC stock (0–40 cm) under CF. At the PI2 site, CT lost −4.4% and RT −5.3% of SOC stocks (0–40 cm). Even if conservation tillage systems were more impacted under future scenarios, they were still able to store more SOC than CT, so that these practices can be considered viable options to mitigate climate change. Furthermore, at the AN site, under CF, NT demonstrated an annual increase of 0.4%, the target value suggested by the 4 per thousand initiative launched at the 21st meeting of the Conference of the Parties in Paris. However, RT at the PI2 needs to be coupled with other management strategies, as the introduction of cover crops, to achieve such target.     

对早熟、矮杆、小粒大豆基因型MiniMax作为大豆研究模式材料的探讨

MiniMax是从美国引进的一个生育期短、植株矮、籽粒小的大豆遗传资源,具有成为大豆基础研究模式材料的潜力。本文从3个方面对MiniMax的形态特征和生长发育特性进行了系统研究: (1)参照DUS测试指南,观察、记载了该品系的植物学特性;(2)设置短日照(12 h)和长日照(16 h)两种光周期处理,结合不同播期试验(春播模拟低温、夏播模拟高温),观察不同光、温条件对其生育期、株高、籽粒大小的影响;(3)利用与生育期、株高、籽粒大小等性状相关SSR标记,解析该品系在这些位点的等位变异特点。结果表明,MiniMax在北京夏播自然光照条件下,生育期63.1 d,株高39.0 cm,百粒重4.6 g。不同光、温处理对其籽粒大小影响较小,而对株高和生育期影响较大。MiniMax的光周期敏感度和光温综合敏感度接近于中国北方春大豆早熟品种,而温度敏感度与黄淮夏大豆品种相当。在短日＋高温条件下,MiniMax的营养生长期及全生育期短、植株矮、籽粒小,可作为生长周期短、占地面积小的研究材料;而在长日＋高温条件下,其生育期长、植株高、占用空间大。在MiniMax中检测到与生育期相关的QTL 5个(FT 2-1、Pod mat 13-3、R7 2-2、R3 1-3和R7 1-3),与株高相关的QTL 5个(Pl ht 13-3、Pl ht 17-2、Pl ht 13-2、Pl ht 7-2和Pl ht 11-3),与籽粒大小相关的QTL 5个(Sd wt 6-4、Sd wt 7-3、Sd wt 10-1、Sd wt 12-3和Sd wt 13-8)。作者认为,MiniMax籽粒小,在适宜的光温条件下具有生育期较短、株高矮、占用空间小等特点,可作为大豆研究模式材料使用。     

Wood Production Potentials of Fenno-Scandinavian Forests Under Nature-Orientated Management

In Finland, Norway and Sweden forest management is presently changing towards a more nature-orientated management. In this study the European Forest Information SCENario (EFISCEN) model was applied to determine how this change might affect the potential for wood production in the three countries. Three different management regimes, traditional, traditional with nature conservation (''conservation''), and longer rotations with nature conservation (''conservation +''), were combined with two alternative felling levels. The results show that conserving 6.1-8.8% of the older forests in the southern regions had no limiting effects on production levels, as foreseen by the European Timber Trend Studies V by the UN-ECE for Finland and Sweden. Under the conservation + scenario, maximum sustainable felling levels decreased to 84, 79 and 72% of the present levels in Finland, Norway and Sweden, respectively. Increasing the rotation length put more pressure on the older age classes and thus did not increase the average age of the forest. If the consumption of wood increases as quickly as indicated by other studies, it will be hard to fulfil that demand and at the same time conserve considerable areas of forest in the southern regions of the countries.     

麻疯树人工林单木生物量与生产力模型研究

回归分析法是构建单木生物量模型进而估算群体生物量的基本方法。本文研究了攀枝花市马店河一个麻疯树4年人工林生物量与生产力模型的构建过程,运用相关生长定律分析参数合理性,并筛选了适宜的模型构建参数。首先,用地径、高度、D2H、树冠直径、冠幅、枝下高、树冠垂直投影体积这些灌木生物量测定中经常采用的外部形态指标构建麻疯树单木生物量模型,得到拟合性最好的幂函数、抛物线、对数函数模型。其次,采用树体构型指标,如枝条数量（不同年龄枝级）与分支率（总体分支率、）参数构建单木生物量模型,得到相关性不等的幂函数、抛物线模型。用年龄平均法与直径增量法同时估算了麻疯树单木生产力,分别为Pa=4.93±3.92 kg.a-1,Pd=4.59±3.82 kg.a-1,方差分析差异不明显。经回归,获得单木生产力模型。通过排序,获得对生产力贡献较大的因子,并对筛选的因子进行多元回归,得到Y=∑AiXi（其中Ai为第i个常数,Xi为第i个变量,i为测定变量总个体）,提高了估算的精确度。分析表明,地径、冠幅直径、冠幅、冠幅垂直体积都能较为准确的估算单木生物量、生产力,但生殖生物量估算相关系数在0.8以下（0.607〈r2〈0.753）,精确度不高,表明生殖自身特性的独特性。