Detection of γ-H2AX,a Biomarker for DNA Double-strand Breaks,in Urinary Bladders of N -Butyl- N -(4-Hydroxybutyl)-Nitrosamine-Treated Rats

To evaluate the potential role of DNA repair in bladder carcinogenesis, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of expression of various DNA repair enzymes and γ-H2AX, a high-sensitivity marker of DNA double-strand breaks, in the urothelium of male F344 rats treated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN), a bladder-specific carcinogen. Our results clearly demonstrated that γ-H2AX aggregation was specifically generated in nuclei of bladder epithelial cells of BBN-treated rats, which was not found in untreated controls or mesenchymal cells. γ-H2AX-positive cells were detected not only in hyperplastic and neoplastic areas but also in the normal-like urothelium after BBN treatment. These data indicate that γ-H2AX has potential as a useful biomarker for early detection of genotoxicity in the rat urinary bladder. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating expression of γ-H2AX during bladder carcinogenesis.     

延边黄牛骨骼肌特异性钙蛋白酶基因多态性及其与肉质性状关系的研究

Calpain3(CAPN3)在肌肉组织中特异表达,其多态位点与畜禽诸多生产性状相关。本研究采用PCR-SSCP方法,设计2对基因特异性引物CAPN3-1、CAPN3-3,对96头延边黄牛CAPN3基因进行了SNPs检测,并将其与部分肉质性状进行了方差分析。试验结果显示,分别在CAPN3基因54982bp处发现A→G突变,56094bp处发现G→A突变。方差分析结果表明,2个位点中各个基因型与肉质嫩度、蒸煮损失均无显著相关性,CAPN3-3片段BB基因型仅在第3天时的pH显著高于AA纯合型个体(P0.05)。2个位点与肉质色度方差分析结果显示,2个位点中各个基因型黄色度呈显著相关(P0.05),与肉色中其他色度无相关性。CAPN3-1位点处,BB基因型较AA、AB基因型具有更高的黄色度值,此规律并不随时间的延续而改变,而在CAPN3-3位点处则无此规律。     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫3-1E和CDPK双抗原DNA疫苗的免疫保护效果观察

将构建的含鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)CDPK和3-1E双抗原的真核重组质粒proEC,在14日龄和21日龄分别免疫AA肉鸡,28日龄感染5×104个E.tenella孢子化卵囊,观察其免疫保护效果.结果显示,攻虫后1周,与proC组相比,proEC组能显著增强淋巴细胞转化和血清抗体水平(P＜0.05);与proE组和proC组相比,proEC组卵囊产量最低但差异不显著(P＞0.05),其相对增重低于proE组和proC组.结果表明,proEC双抗原DNA疫苗对E.tenella攻虫表现出一定双抗原协同保护效应.     

Cytology and the cell block method in diagnostic characterization of canine lymphadenopathy and in the immunophenotyping of nodal lymphoma

Minimally invasive techniques used to evaluate canine peripheral lymphadenopathy (PLN), including fine needle aspiration biopsy with cytological evaluation (FNAB‐C) and flow cytometry (FC), have benefits and limitations. The cell block (CB) method is an alternate processing technique in which fine needle aspirate biopsy samples are concentrated, fixed, and embedded in paraffin for routine histological processing/staining. Utilizing three observers, we determined the diagnostic value of the CB in evaluating canine PLN across six categories (non‐diagnostic, reactive, inflammatory/infectious, probable lymphoma and lymphoma, metastatic neoplasia) and correlated findings to immunophenotypic and clonal antigen receptor rearrangement results in canine nodal lymphoma. Eighty‐five paired FNAB‐C and CB samples were evaluated from canine patients presenting to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Oncology or Internal Medicine services. Diagnostic quality samples were obtained in 55/85 (65%) CB and 81/85 (95%) FNAB‐C samples, respectively, and nodal pathology impacted CB diagnostic yield. Overall percent agreement between diagnostic‐quality FNAB‐C and CB samples was 86%, but increased to 95% if the categories of lymphoma and probable lymphoma were combined. There was 100% agreement for both the diagnoses of metastatic neoplasia and reactive lymph nodes and 92% agreement for the diagnosis of lymphoma/probable lymphoma. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), CB samples correctly immunophenotyped 22/23 (96%) cases of B‐cell lymphoma, but only 1/6 (17%) cases of T‐cell lymphoma. IHC was not completed on nine cases of lymphoproliferative disease because of insufficient cellularity. When the CB method (CBM) yielded diagnostic quality samples there was good to excellent agreement with FNAB‐C samples and CB samples were suitable for some IHC tests.     

Development of Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay Detection Method for Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus

In this article, through the combination of nucleic acid probes and immune chromatography, a simple, sensitive and specific detection system——nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay (NALFIA) for amplifing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 3D RT-PCR products was established.An ultrasensitive nucleic acid biosensor (NAB) based on streptavidin-labeled gold nanoparticles dual labels and lateral flow strip biosensor (LFSB) were used in this system.The biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG was marked to the NC membrane as the alleged strip and the anti-digoxin antibody was labeled to the NC membrane to capture the digoxin probe.After assemblying gold-labeled strip and detecting RT-PCR products, the detection limit of NALFIA was 0.3×10^-3 to 3×10^-3 μg/μL.The NALFIA was compared with agar gel electrophoresis analysis, the results showed that the sensitivity of NALFIA was higher than agar gel electrophoresis.There was an excellent agreement between the two methods.NALFIA was a method with high sensitive, low cost and short time.In conclusion, this method provided a good alternative to detect FMDV.     

Nutrient starvation affects expression of LC3 family at the feto-maternal interface during murine placentation

LC3 − the mammalian homolog of Atg8 − was found as autophagosome membrane binding protein in mammals and widely used as an autophagosomal marker. LC3A, B and C show different expression patterns in each tissue. The aim of this study was to reveal the differences of expression patterns among LC3 families in mouse placenta under normal condition and nutrient starving condition. LC3A and B were highly expressed in decidual cells. LC3A and B were increased in D14 compared with D12 and D16 in mouse placenta, while LC3C was decreased. Starvation induced increase in LC3B expression specifically. Immunohistochemistry showed different expression patterns among LC3A, B and C. LC3A expression in syncytiotrophoblast was vanished by starvation. The results of real time RT-PCR suggested differences between D12 and D16 in autophagic cascade induced by starvation. Taken together, this study suggests that autophagy could play a role in placental invasion system and that nutrient starvation affects LC3B expression.     

Whole-genome sequence of a novel Chinese cyprinid herpesvirus 3 isolate reveals the existence of a distinct European genotype in East Asia

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV3), also known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), can be subdivided primarily into European and Asian genotypes, which are represented by CyHV3-U or CyHV3-I and CyHV3-J, respectively. In this study, the whole genome sequence of a novel Chinese CyHV3 isolate (GZ11) was determined and annotated. CyHV3-GZ11 genome was found to contain 295,119 nucleotides with 52.9% G/C content, which is highly similar to those of published CyHV3-U, CyHV3-I, and CyHV3-J strains. With reference to CyHV3-U, CyHV3-I, and CyHV3-J, CyHV3-GZ11 was also classified into 164 open reading frames (ORF), which include eight repeated ORFs. On the basis of the 12 alloherpeviruses core genes, results from phylogenetic analysis showed that CyHV3-GZ11 had closer evolutionary relationships with CyHV3-U and CyHV3-I than with CyHV3/KHV-J, which were also supported by genome wide-based single nucleotide substitution analysis and the use of a series of developed molecular markers. This study was the first to reveal the presence of a distinct European CyHV3 genotype in East and Southeast Asia at a whole genome level, which will evoke new insights on exploring the origin, evolution, and epidemiology of the virus.     

内蒙古多伦县景观格局动态变化分析

根据内蒙古多伦县2000年TM影像和2008年SPOT5影像及地面调查资料,在ArcGIS和ERDAS等软件支持下,获得多伦县2期景观类型数据,并运用景观生态学原理与方法,分析了多伦县2000-2008年景观格局动态变化,以期为多伦县土地资源的合理规划与利用提供决策依据,也为荒漠化治理提供理论依据。结果表明:林地面积增长最快,增长了12.09倍,年变化率为1.51%,优势度指数增加明显,破碎度指数和分维数减小;沙地面积减小最为明显,减小了16107 hm²,占2000年沙地总面积的85.1%,年变化率为0.11%,随着斑块数量的增加破碎度指数呈增加趋势,沙地景观类型重心向西北方向转移21.13 km。草地斑块数呈减少趋势,但是斑块面积增加了36150 hm²,占2000年草地总面积的16.4%。综上所述,表明多伦县生态环境趋于良性发展。     

猪粪中除臭微生物的筛选和鉴定

用感官法初筛出20株菌株,再通过定性复筛试验,最后从猪粪便中共分离出5株除臭微生物,都具有很强的除臭效果,其中假单孢菌属(ZY-1)氨气的去除率高达47.70%,巴氏芽孢杆菌(WJ-2)硫化氢的去除率高达62.5%,显示出这类细菌在猪场粪便的处理过程中具有良好的应用前景。     

牦牛、犏牛睾丸组织中SYCP 3基因mRNA表达水平研究

本文采用RT-PCR和荧光定量PCR对牦牛SYCP3基因的组织表达,以及SYCP3基因在牦牛和犏牛睾丸组织中的表达水平进行分析。结果表明,SYCP3基因在牦牛睾丸组织中特异表达,牦牛与犏牛睾丸组织中SYCP3基因的表达水平差异极显著（P〈0．01）。睾丸和附睾组织切片显示,牦牛睾丸组织中可见各级生精细胞,附睾内可见发育良好的精子,而犏牛睾丸组织中无次级精母细胞和更高级生精细胞、附睾内未观测到精子,与人和小鼠SY-CP3基因缺失或表达水平降低出现的表型一致,可以认为SYCP3基因的表达水平可能与犏牛的雄性不育有一定的关系。