基于ArcGIS三维地形可视化及其应用研究——以阳江农场为例

以阳江农场地形图为例,运用ArcGIS Desktop9．2软件,采用TIN不规则三角网生成算法进行地形建模。将带有经纬地理坐标的地形图数据进行扫描,加载到ArcGIS软件中去,并对其进行坐标、投影转换,使阳江农场地形图变成一份具有地理坐标系统的数字化地图,从而为当前阳江农场精准农业研究提供了数字化的农场布局资料,推动了阳江农场地域范围内三维地形可视化应用研究的发展。     

不同高径比反应器对厌氧发酵产气特性的影响

圆柱形反应器的H/D（高径比）是影响厌氧发酵效率的一个重要因素,为此研究了在发酵液浓度、接种量一定的情况下,对H/D为2.18、4.66、5.00、6.66四种不同高径比反应器对COD（Chemical oxygen demand）去除率、容积产气率及平均容积产气率的影响。结果表明,H/D为2.18的反应器COD去除率最大,容积产气率、平均容积产气率也最大。     

草莓PLDα基因cDNA克隆及反义植物表达载体构建

【目的】获得草莓磷脂酶Dα(PLDα)的HKD2功能区基因序列构建反义植物表达载体。研究PLDα基因对草莓果实耐贮性的影响。【方法】以草莓完熟果实为材料提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR技术扩增得到PLDα基因的cDNA片段,将其T-A克隆至pMD19-T simple vector上,测序正确后克隆载体经双酶切消化,目的片断反向插入到植物表达载体pBI121中。【结果】构建草莓PLDα基因的反义植物表达载体pBI121-PLD。【结论】通过冻融法将携带反义cDNA的植物表达载体质粒导入根癌农杆菌LBA44404,为进一步通过反义技术延长草莓果实贮藏的寿命奠定了基础。     

土壤孔隙网络模型的程序设计与实现

本文利用土壤孔隙序列数字图像数据,结合形态学网络模型理论和孔隙拓扑结构.经过对孔隙网络模型的程序设计.实现了土壤孔隙网络模型的构建.该设计确定了适合描述孔隙空间拓扑特征的网络模型数据结构,运用插值算法提高了序列数字图像垂直方向的分辨率.运用邻近像元聚类法.以及表面绘制法解决了孔隙三维空间的连通判断问题.所得模型再现了孔隙三维结构.是孔隙结构特征的直接映射,界面友好.能够定量获取孔隙结构的三维重要特征参数.     

磷脂酶D参与的植物信号转导

磷脂酶D（PLD）是植物中一种重要的磷脂水解酶。介绍了PLD的特性及其在植物信号转导中的作用。     

羽衣甘蓝和白菜型油菜硫代葡萄糖苷超高效液相色谱—飞行时间质谱分析方法

利用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱（UHPLC–Triple–TOF–MS）技术建立了羽衣甘蓝等蔬菜中硫代葡萄糖苷（Glucosinolate,简称硫苷）的分析方法。蔬菜样品采用70% 甲醇提取,采用UPLC BEH C₁₈反相色谱柱,乙腈-水（均含0.1%甲酸）流动相系统,10 min快速梯度洗脱;在电喷雾质谱负离子模式下采用飞行时间质谱全扫描-信息关联采集-子离子扫描（TOF–MS scan–IDA–Product ion scan）复合扫描模式,1次进样分析可同时获得硫苷的一级质谱和二级质谱信息;基于TOF–MS的高分辨率性能,得到硫苷分子、离子和碎片离子的精确质荷比,大大提高硫苷定性分析的准确性。将建立的分析方法应用于白菜型油菜Yellow Sarson的种子和羽衣甘蓝的叶片组织,分别鉴定出24和15种硫苷,表明本方法具有灵敏度高、准确度高和高通量等优点,适合于十字花科蔬菜中硫苷的分析。     

A critical analysis of phosphatidic acid mediated resistance response in Sinapis alba against Alternaria brassicicola

The enhanced expression of PLD genes and the quantitative increase in the level of phosphatidic acid (PA) in resistant Sinapis alba compared to the downregulated or unchanged expression of the PLD genes and decreased PA level in susceptible Brassica juncea when challenged with Alternaria brassicicola, indicated a positive relationship between PA-mediated signalling and resistance against this necrotrophic pathogen. Furthermore, spraying PA onto the susceptible species B. juncea increased resistance and enhanced expression of ABA-responsive genes, which was comparable to the expression of these genes in S. alba when challenged with A. brassicicola.

• •The enhanced expression of several PLD genes in resistant S. alba was observed compared to B. juncea upon challenge with A. brassicicola.
• •An increase in the PA level in S. alba compared to B. juncea following interaction with the pathogen.
• •Leaves of B. juncea incubated on PA-soaked filter paper did not show resistance.
• •Spraying B. juncea leaves with PA led to resistance as well as to the enhanced expression of ABA-responsive genes.
• •A temporal increase in the PA level is associated with increased resistance against A. brassicicola.

     

An invertebrate harmfulness scale for research on plant pest diversity and impacts

Traditional methods of quantifying the harmful effects of invertebrates on plants require time-consuming identification of large numbers of individuals at species level. Collected specimens usually are killed; this may be unacceptable for some strictly protected species and may bias the results of subsequent surveys at the same site.

We developed a “harmfulness scale” for quick, non-invasive assessment of invertebrate impacts on plants, and used the scale to test differences in invertebrate attack on species of Balsaminaceae, Polygonaceae and Asteraceae growing in lowland and mountains in Poland. In 2010–2011, we recorded 9190 invertebrates and identified them in situ to family or superfamily level. Among them were 7593 pests, accounting for 82.6% of all recorded organisms. Pests were three times more numerous in the mountains than in the lowland. Balsaminaceae were most heavily attacked by pests (92.9% of all organisms detected on them). Aphidoideae were the most numerous pests.

This method can help reduce the costs and labour required for this type of research, facilitating progress in theoretical biology and in the development of practical phytosanitary measures.     

外源一氧化氮对干旱胁迫下玉米幼苗光合作用的影响

【目的】探明干旱胁迫下一氧化氮（NO）对玉米幼苗光合作用的调节作用。【方法】以驻玉309为试验材料,在光照培养箱内采用水培的方法,研究了外源NO供体SNP预处理3 d后,进行20% PEG-6000（-0.8 MPa）模拟干旱胁迫3 d后玉米幼苗的生长参数、叶绿体超微结构、叶片气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数和D1蛋白表达的变化。【结果】干旱胁迫条件下玉米幼苗的光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）及光系统II（PSII）最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSII潜在活性（Fv/Fo）分别比对照下降了68.4%、87.2%、15.8%、31.3%;而J点的相对可变荧光（Vj）和单位反中心耗散能量（DIo /RC）则分别上升了20.9%和21.2%;此外,叶片的叶绿体结构明显遭到破坏,D1蛋白的含量显著降低。但是,与干旱胁迫处理相比,经过SNP预处理后进行干旱胁迫处理的玉米幼苗Pn、Gs、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo明显增加56.6%、202.5%、15.8%、30.7%,而Vj、DIo/RC下降了22.7%和25.4%;叶绿体的类囊体片层恢复整齐,基粒片层变清晰;D1蛋白的相对含量明显增加了94.7%;以上这些变化与干旱条件下SNP预处理后NO含量的增加有关。【结论】在干旱条件下,NO可能参与调节了PSII反应中心D1蛋白的表达并稳定PSII反应中心的结构和功能,以改善玉米幼苗的光合作用和生长发育,从而提高玉米幼苗对干旱胁迫的适应性。     

褐飞虱R2D2基因的克隆及表达分析

R2D2蛋白广泛分布于各种生物体中,R2D2是si RNA介导的RNA干扰途径中的关键组分。R2D2含有一个串联的ds RNA结合功能域,与Dcr-2在体内形成杂合二聚体,在si RNA装载入RISC时发挥作用。本研究克隆了褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens St覽l)R2D2基因(NLR2D2),结果表明,NLR2D2基因全长1 673 bp,含有一个长1 005 bp的开放阅读框,编码335个氨基酸。NLR2D2蛋白与蚂蚁亲缘关系最近。利用q RT-PCR检测NLR2D2基因在褐飞虱不同发育阶段的表达,发现NLR2D2转录本在褐飞虱的所有发育阶段都有表达,在1龄若虫中表达量最低,随着生长发育表达量逐渐升高。NLR2D2基因的序列特征和表达谱非常保守,为其功能的分析提供了信息。