Molecular and cytogenetic identification of new wheat-Dasypyrum breviaristatum additions conferring resistance to stem rust and powdery mildew

Two cytologically stable wheat-Dasypyrum breviarisatatum addition lines, Y93-1-6-6 and Y93-1-A6-4, were identified by integrated molecular and cytogenetic techniques. C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) showed that Y93-1-6-6 and Y93-1-A6-4 were different wheat-D. breviaristatum additions. A total of 51 markers (primer/enzyme combinations), including 6 PCR-based Landmark Unique Gene (PLUG) markers and 45 Sequence-Tagged-Site (STS) markers, were selected from 3,774 primer/enzyme combinations to further characterize these two additions. Marker haploytpes suggested that both D. breviaristatum chromosomes in Y93-1-6-6 and Y93-1-A6-4 were rearranged. Stem rust resistance screening indicated that both additions were highly resistant to race RKQQC, whereas only Y93-1-6-6 was resistant to race TTKSK (Ug99). Powdery mildew resistance screening showed that only Y93-1-6-6 was resistant. Pedigree analysis suggested that the stem rust and powdery mildew resistance of Y93-1-6-6 was derived from D. breviaristatum, indicating that the D. breviaristatum chromosomes in Y93-1-6-6 possess a new powdery mildew resistance gene(s), and new stem rust resistance gene(s). These two additions could be used as stem rust or powdery mildew resistance sources in wheat breeding programs.     

Coagulation profiles of healthy Andalusian donkeys are different than those of healthy horses

Background: Coagulation disorders are frequently diagnosed, especially in hospitalized equidae, and result in increased morbidity and mortality. However, hemostatic reference intervals have not been established for donkeys yet. Objectives: To determine whether the most common coagulation parameters used in equine practice are different between healthy donkeys and horses. Animals: Thirty‐eight healthy donkeys and 29 healthy horses. Methods: Blood samples were collected to assess both coagulation and fibrinolytic systems by determination of platelet count, fibrinogen concentration, clotting times (prothrombin time [PT] and activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT]), fibrin degradation products (FDP) and D‐Dimer concentrations. Results: PT and aPTT in donkeys were significantly (P < .05) shorter than those of horses. In contrast, FDP and D‐Dimer concentrations were significantly (P < .05) higher in donkeys than in horses. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The coagulation parameters most commonly determined in equine practice are different in donkeys compared with horses. Thus, the use of normal reference ranges reported previously for healthy horses in donkeys might lead to a misdiagnosis of coagulopathy in healthy donkeys, and unnecessary treatments in sick donkeys. This is the first report of normal coagulation profile results in donkeys, and further studies are warranted to elucidate the physiological mechanisms of the differences observed between donkeys and horses.     

凝集试验检测兰氏D群链球菌血清抗体方法的建立

建立凝集试验,用于检测兰氏D群链球菌血清抗体.采用兰氏D群链球菌C55914株制成凝集试验抗原,制备的抗原与兰氏D群链球菌兔高免阳性血清、猪正常免疫阳性血清发生凝集反应,不与健康兔阴性血清及健康猪阴性血清发生凝集反应,与链球菌兰氏C群、兰氏E群、巴氏杆菌A群、B群阳性血清呈阴性反应.试验证明,凝集试验能够快速地检验出兰...     

Development of a regeneration protocol through indirect organogenesis in prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill)

An indirect organogenesis regeneration protocol for Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill var “Blanco sin Espinas” is described. One centimeter square cladode explants sections from previously micropropagated prickly pear plants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 20 different combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and benzyladenine (BA). The best calli induction and regeneration response were observed when 2.26 μM 2,4-D and 2.21 μM BA combination was applied to the nopal explants. Regenerating calli was capable of forming new buds when transferred to MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 μM BA (proliferation medium). Shoot elongation and rooting were achieved on MS medium without plant growth regulators. Excellent acclimatization to greenhouse conditions was observed for all transferred plantlets. By this procedure no morphological differences were observed between the regenerated and mother plants. This protocol may be also utilized to carry out plant regeneration after genetic transformation, in order to develop transformed plants without the presence of chimeric zones.     

Effects of human xeroderma pigmentosum group D gene on proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells induced by interleukin-6

AIM: To investigate the effects of human xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) gene on the proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6). METHODS: Recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2/XPD and vacant plasmid pEGFP-N2 were transfected into VSMCs by liposome, and then these cells were incubated with IL-6 at 1×10⁵ U/L for 48 h. The cells were divided into 6 groups: blank control group; pEGFP-N2 group; pEGFP-N2/XPD group; IL-6 group; IL-6 + pEGFP-N2 group; IL-6 + pEGFP-N2/XPD group. The expression of green fluorescent protein was observed under fluorescence microscope. The cell growth was detected by MTT method. The cell cycle and apoptosis rate were examined by flow cytometre. The expression levels of XPD, Bcl-2, Bax and wild type P53 (wt-P53) were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS: Green fluorescence was observed in the cells transfected with pEGFP-N2/XPD or pEGFP-N2, indicating successful transfection MTT results showed that the transfection of pEGFP-N2/XPD inhibited the cell growth, and reduced the positive effects of IL-6 on VSMCs growth. Flow cytometry results showed that the transfection of pEGFP-N2/XPD increased the apoptosis rate of VSMCs and the cell numbers in G₀/G₁ phase, decreased the cell numbers in S phase, and reduced the effects that IL-6 decreased the apoptosis rate of VSMCs and the cell numbers in G₀/G₁ phase, and increased the cell numbers in S phase. The results of RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the transfection of pEGFP-N2/XPD increased the expression of XPD, Bax and wt-P53, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and reduced the effects that IL-6 decreased the expression of Bax and wt-P53, and increased the expression of Bcl-2. CONCLUSION: XPD gene inhibits VSMCs proliferation, promotes VSMCs apoptosis, and reduces the effects that IL-6 promotes VSMCs proliferation and inhibits VSMCs apoptosis. Therefore, XPD gene is likely to be potential molecular target for treatment of atherosclerosis.     

高温强光下温州蜜柑光合机构运转与叶黄素循环和D1蛋白周转的关系

 以2年生温州蜜柑（Citrus unishiu Marc.）离体叶片为试材,利用叶绿素荧光探针、Western-blotting及抑制剂,研究了叶黄素循环、D1蛋白周转及电子传递在防御光破坏中的作用。结果表明,高温强光（40 ℃,2 000 mol • m-2 • s-1）处理30 min后,温州蜜柑叶片的初始荧光Fo显著升高,最大荧光Fm、非光化学猝灭系数NPQ、最大光能转化效率Fv/Fm及PSⅡ的量子产额ΦPSⅡ显著降低,同时,D1蛋白含量也大幅下降。用D1蛋白合成抑制剂林可霉素或叶黄素循环抑制剂二硫苏糖醇（DTT）饲喂叶片后,Fv/Fm、Fm、ETR（表观光合电子传递速率）、ΦPSⅡ和D1蛋白下降幅度增大,而且饲喂林可霉素的下降幅度大于饲喂DTT。使用电子传递抑制剂（DCMU）抑制叶圆片电子传递后,高温强光下Fo显著上升了78%,Fv/Fm和D1蛋白含量下降了33%和83%。这些结果表明,D1蛋白周转和叶黄素循环对温州蜜柑叶片光合机构光破坏有保护作用,而且D1蛋白周转的作用大于叶黄素循环,D1蛋白周转在一定程度上依赖于电子传递。     

骨代谢病乳牛血中1，25－二羟胆钙化醇（DHCC）含量的测定及发病机理研究

为了探讨乳牛骨代谢病的发病机理，测定了骨代谢病乳牛血清１，２５－二羟胆钙化醇（ＤＨＣＣ）以及维生素Ｄ、羟脯氨酸的含量，并测定了肝、肾功能。结果表明，骨代谢病乳牛血清中维生素Ｄ含量升高，ＤＨＣＣ降低，羟脯氨酸降低，肝功能未见异常，肾功能发生了某些变化等。由此认为，乳牛骨代谢病是由肾功能障碍致维生素Ｄ转变为ＤＨＣＣ过程受阻，使ＤＨＣＣ含量降低引起的。其实质是骨基质分解降低，骨晶体即骨盐减少性疾病。     

应用茜素-β-D-半乳糖苷快速检验食品中的大肠菌群

用茜素 β D 半乳糖苷琼脂和行标SNO16 9- 1992指定的结晶紫中性红胆盐琼脂 (VRBA)对比检测 13种相关标准菌株和 70份食物样品。二者对标准菌株的检测结果完全一致 ,对食物样品检测结果的符合率也较接近。大肠菌群在茜素 β D 半乳糖苷琼脂中 2 4h内可长成较大的鲜明红色 ,轮廓清晰 ,易于辨认 ,可作为计数食品中大肠菌群的任选方法加以应用     

南阳牛mtDNA D-loop序列多态性分析

本文以3头南阳牛线粒体DNA D-loop区910bp的核苷酸序列进行了分析。结果发现，3头南阳牛D－loop区的核苷酸序列有3种单倍型。南阳牛1、2和3号D－loop区的平均核苷酸变异率分别为0.44%、4.84%和0.44%，其高变区的平均核苷酸变异率分别为0.81%、7.57%和0.00％。南阳牛1号的核苷酸变异类型只有转换一种式，南阳牛2号的核苷酸变异类型有转换、颠换、插入和缺失四种形式，南阳牛3号的核苷酸变异类型有转换和插入两种形式。在3头牛的核苷酸变异类型中，均以转换最常。说明南阳牛mtDNA D-loop区表现出丰富的核苷酸变异多态性。从线粒体D－loop区核苷酸序列的3种单倍型分析，提出南阳牛可能有两种不同的母系起源。     

悬铃木开花结实生物生态学特性研究Ⅱ花芽分化随胸径变化的规律性

作者调查了悬铃木花芽分化随胸径变化的规律。结果表明，胸径5－10cm左右时开始结球，随着胸径的增大，花芽数量逐渐增多，2球花芽或果球数随胸径的增加更加明显，主导了花芽总数或雌雄球数随胸径的变化趋势；在胸径15cm以下，1球雌雄球分化比率较大，2球次之，3球几乎没有分化；当胸径大于15cm时，2球雌雄球数所占比例最大，1球次之，3球最小；在胸径达30cm之前，叶芽数／花芽数、雌花芽数／雄花芽数、雌球数／雄球数随着胸径的增大而变小，在胸径超过30cm情况下，其比率保持在较低的稳定水平；胸径接近80cm的悬铃木分化出了更多的雌雄花芽，结实量较大。