多菌灵、氯氰菊酯在梨中分布特点的研究

对梨中多菌灵、氯氰菊酯残留分析结果表明:多菌灵主要分布于果肉中,在果肉中的最终残留量大约是果皮的7倍;氯氰菊酯主要分布于果皮中,在果皮中的最终残留量大约是果肉的5倍。     

A study on low dose cypermethrin induced histopathology, lipid peroxidation and marker enzyme changes in male rat

The short term effect of low dose synthetic pyrethroid and insecticide α-cypermethrin was investigated in selected tissues of male albino Wistar strain rats. Cellular antioxidant activities, specific enzyme markers and tissue histopathology were studied using this compound at 5, 10, 25 and 50 mM at given time points during independent experiments. α-Cypermethrin was administered intradermally. Selective tissue responses were determined 6 h post administration employing control and experimental animals using established methods. Different doses of α-cypermethrin increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the brain, heart, liver, kidney and testis of the male rats. Alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme activity levels were altered in these tissues and in the serum. Cytotoxic effects produced by α-cypermethrin were reflected in histopathology sections of the treated tissues. α-Cypermethrin decreased the cellular antioxidant activity, altered marker enzyme activity and effected histopathological changes in the treated animal tissues.     

Biochemical studies on sheep body louse Bovicola ovis (Schrank) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae): comparison of pyrethroid and organophosphate resistant and susceptible strains

Strains of sheep louse Bovicola ovis (Schrank) with various levels of resistance to pyrethroid and one strain with high degree of resistance to organophosphate (OP) insecticides were used to investigate the biochemical mechanisms of insecticide resistance, i.e., enhanced levels of general esterases, specific acetylcholinesterases (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and mixed function oxidases. Native gel electrophoresis combined with quantitative enzyme assays showed analogous expression profiles of several esterase isozymes in all the strains tested. The determination of the sensitivity of each esterase isozyme to five inhibitors (acetylthiocholine iodide, butyrylthiocholine iodide, paraoxon eserine sulfate, and pCMB) led to the identification of nine esterases in the B. ovis strain. Gel electrophoresis results are supported by enzyme assay studies where, except for the OP resistant strain, no differences in esterase activities were detected in all the pyrethroid resistant and susceptible strains assayed. Statistical analyses demonstrated that some strains have elevated GST activities compared to the susceptible reference strain.     

实验室条件下氯氰菊酯在土壤中的降解

在实验室条件下, 通过对东北黑土、华北褐土、华南红土中3 次添加氯氰菊酯的降解研究发现: 氯氰菊酯在3 种土壤中的降解是以微生物降解为主, 化学降解为辅; 土壤间理化性质的不同对化学降解速率没有明显影响, 多次施药则因较难降解的顺式异构体在土壤中积累而使半衰期延长。     

20％高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂的研制

[目的]研制20％高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂.[方法]通过对溶剂、乳化剂、稳定剂、增稠剂等种类的选择和用量进行试验,优化了20％高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂的研制配方.[结果]20％高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂配方：高效氯氰菊酯原药20.0％,200#溶剂油20.0％,复配乳化剂8.0％,稳定剂TBHQ溶液8.0％,增稠剂黄原胶溶液0.1％,抗冻剂乙二醇2.0％,自来水补足100％.该水乳剂外观为乳白色、均一稳定、流动性较强的液体,滴入水中能迅速呈雾状分散;经各指标性能测试,该配方乳液稳定性达到合格标准.[结论]该配方经过外观、分散性及各种稳定性能的检测,综合评价合格.     

氯氰菊酯对草鱼鳃和肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了氯氰菊酯对草鱼鱼种的急性毒性及其对鳃和肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。结果表明,氯氰菊酯对草鱼鱼种24,48,72,96h半致死浓度分别为32 82μg L、9 92μg L、8 12μg L、6 51μg L;经1μg L、3μg L、5μg L浓度处理,测得鳃SOD活性6h时升高,后转为抑制,对肝脏SOD酶呈现促进作用,酶活性的变化呈一定浓度相关性。     

阿维菌素与高效氯氰菊酯混配制剂的HPLC分析

本文采用高效液相色谱法,使用正相硅胶柱,以正已烷、无水乙醚为流动相,采用梯度洗脱对该混配制剂的两种有效成分进行一次性定量检测,检测波长240nm,用外标法测定。方法中阿维菌素与高效氯氰菊酯的线性相关系数分别为0.999 6和0.999 3,标准偏差分别为0.025和0.034,变异系数分别为1.65%和1.40%,回收率分别为99.02%和98.94%。     

溴氰菊酯等杀虫剂防蚜保瓢的初步研究

1984年研究了溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和氯氰菊酯对棉蚜及其天敌异色瓢虫的影响,结果表明,氰戊菊酯对异色瓢虫的毒力较溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯及乐果为低。在瓢虫发生盛期,防治棉蚜宜使用氰戊菊酯。     

毒死蜱与氯氰菊酯不同配比对棉铃虫的室内毒力测定

室内毒力测定结果表明，毒死蜱与氯氰菊酯不同配比的混合物对棉铃虫均有一定的增效作用，其中10：1混配物的增效作用幅度最大。     

烯草酮·氯氰菊酯和2-4D丁酯对中华摇蚊幼虫的急性毒性研究

[目的]评价农药对水生生物的毒理效应。[方法]采用静水法研究烯草酮、氯氰菊酯和2-4D丁酯对中华摇蚊（Chironomussinicus）幼虫的急性毒性效应。分别设定不同浓度梯度进行急性暴露试验,于48h时测定摇蚊幼虫组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性。[结果]在氯氰菊酯和2-4D丁酯处理摇蚊幼虫12h后,不同浓度间的存活率无显著差异,在48h时随着农药浓度的增加,存活率下降。烯草酮、氯氰菊酯和2-4D丁酯对中华摇蚊幼虫48h的Lc。分别为1．842、0．150和1．999mg／L,氯氰菊酯对中华摇蚊幼虫的毒性最高,其次为烯草酮,2-4D丁酯毒性最低。烯草酮对中华摇蚊幼虫组织SOD含量有明显影响,表现出剂量-效应关系;2-4D丁酯对组织SOD含量有明显影响,但未表现出剂量-效应关系;而氯氰菊酯对组织SOD含量则无明显影响。[结论]该研究为水体污染监测和水环境中农药的残留提供理论依据。