板栗疫病菌绿色荧光与红色荧光蛋白共定位载体的构建

低毒病毒-板栗疫病菌组合是研究病毒与宿主相互作用的一个优秀的模式系统。我们构建了含绿色荧光蛋白基因gfp的载体pCPXHY2GFP与含红色荧光蛋白基因rfp的载体pCPXG418RFP,并用于转化野生型菌株EP155,获得了以潮霉素为筛选标记、表达绿色荧光蛋白的转化株pCPXHY2GFP/EP155和以G418为筛选标记、表达红色荧光蛋白的转化株pCPXG418RFP/EP155。将载体pCPXG418RFP转化pCPXHY2GFP/EP155,获得的转化株能观察到绿色荧光蛋白与红色荧光蛋白共定位的现象。板栗疫病菌绿色荧光与红色荧光共定位载体pCPXHY2GFP与pCPXG418RFP的构建,为深入研究病毒与宿主相互作用的分子机制提供了强有力的研究材料。     

A Rapid Screening Method for Testing the Resistance of Cotyledons to Downy Mildew in Brassica napus and B. campestris

Several hundred breeding lines of summer and winter forms of turnip rape as well as winter rape, were sown on greenhouse tables filled with soil. A week later the cotyledons were artificially inoculated and covered with a plastic tunnel. Approximately two weeks later the average percentage of the wilted leaf area was estimated. The method is rapid and demands little labour. It is therefore suitable for testing large numbers of breeding lines. The response to Peronospora parasitica (Pers. ex Pers.) Fr. in the rape material varied from being highly susceptible to highly resistant. Only minor differences were detected between lines with high and low glucosinolate contents. All the turnip rape material had very high resistance to P. parasitica at the cotyledonous stage.     

板栗疫病发生原因调查及对策

通过对板栗疫病发生现状调查，认为板栗疫病发生与管理粗放、栽植不合理、蛀干害虫危害、人为造成大量伤口等有一定关系，提出今后应加强检疫、抚育、伤口保护、重病区改造、药剂防治等工作 。     

海南湛江柑桔疫霉种的鉴定及交配型研究

1988～1990年,从海南和湛江地区发生柑桔脚腐病的11个柑桔园中采集了大量的病组织和病株基部的土壤样品,经分离共获得48个疫霉分离菌,根据孢子囊形态、脱落性,卵孢子产生情况,最高生长温度和淀粉利用能力等将其鉴定为寄生疫霉(Phytophthora parasiticaDast)、柑桔褐腐疫霉(P.citrophthora R.E.& E.H.Smith)和辣椒疫霉(P.capsiciLeonian)。这3种疫霉均是柑桔树的致病菌,其中寄生疫霉和柑桔褐腐疫霉的出菌率较高,是这两个地区柑桔脚腐病的主要致病菌,而 P.capsici 在中国柑桔园中发生是首次发现。交配型中以 P.parasitica 的 A1交配型占绝对优势。     

在板栗疫病菌线粒体中检出低毒病毒编码蛋白p29

p29蛋白是低毒病毒基因组编码的一个木瓜蛋白酶样蛋白。前人研究发现,在宿主板栗疫病菌（Cryphonectria parasitica）体内表达p29,会引起真菌毒力降低,色素产生减少,丧失产生无性孢子的能力。除已知p29与源于高尔基体的膜结构共分离之外,p29在细胞内的其它分布形式未明。本研究在成功制备p29特异抗体和高效分离板栗疫病菌线粒体的基础上,尝试用p29抗体检测线粒体中是否存在p29蛋白。Western印迹结果表明,受CHV1-EP713感染的EP713菌株线粒体中存在与p29抗体特异作用的病毒蛋白。本研究结果暗示,低毒病毒蛋白p29可能参与调控宿主线粒体功能。     

Cryphonectria parasitica vegetative compatibility type analysis of populations in south-western France and northern Spain

A comprehensive study of the population biology of Cryphonectria parasitica , the causal agent of chestnut blight, is required to understand the spread of the epidemic in Europe and its natural regulation by the Cryphonectria hypovirus-1 (CHV-1). With this objective in mind, the diversity in vegetative compatibility (vc) types and mating types of C. parasitica populations was assessed in 43 chestnut sites in western France and northern Spain. Isolates were sampled in three regions along the Pyrénées mountains (Hautes Pyrénées, Pyrénées Atlantiques and Navarra) and in two regions north of the Pyrénées (Landes and Dordogne). There were 61 vc types observed in 682 isolates sampled. Ninety-five isolates (14%) could not be assigned to any one of the previously known European vc types. The finding of 47 incompatible vc types confirmed that the genetics of vegetative compatibility could not be totally accounted for by six diallelic vic genes. The two idiomorphs of the mating type gene were detected in all regions, indicating that sexual reproduction could occur within and between vc types. In all regions except Dordogne, C. parasitica populations were dominated either by the vc type EU-66 or EU-72. Neither vc type has been reported elsewhere in Europe, which suggests that two different introductions of C. parasitica have occurred in the study area. In Dordogne, populations were dominated by EU-33 and EU-2, and to a lesser extent EU-66 and EU-72. The low diversity in vc types for most of the C. parasitica populations provides good opportunities for natural regulation in forest coppices and for biocontrol with CHV-1 in orchards.     

湖北省不同白肋烟品种(系)黑胫病抗性鉴定

采用田间人工接种烟草黑胫病(Phytophthora parasitica)病菌0号和1号生理小种,对13份白肋烟资源连续两年进行烟草黑胫病田间抗性鉴定。结果表明,在参试13份白肋烟品种(系)中,对0号生理小种表现为抗的品种(系)有27018、27011、2619、2937、27123、2902、鄂烟1号等7份材料;对1号生理小种表现为抗的品种(系)有27018、27011、2619、2937、B0833、27015、27123、2902、鄂烟1号等9份材料。     

板栗胴枯病病害调查与防治试验

为掌握板栗胴枯病的发病规律,有效防治该病的发生,在2004～2006年在陕西省 镇安县板 栗产区对该病的危害症状、病原传播方式、发病条件及发病规律进行了调查,并通过不 同时期、不同 药剂防治试验。结果表明,在镇安县3月中旬至4月中旬是该病的发生高峰;每年3月下旬 ,采用 刮除发病部位树皮、伤口涂抹40%福美砷药剂,并对全树喷洒的方法,对板栗胴枯病的防 治率可达 84.3%,具有较好的防治效果。     

大蒜提取液对烟草黑胫病和青枯病的防治效果初探

研究了大蒜提取液对烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica var nicotianae)和青枯病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)的抑制作用,并进一步测定了大蒜提取液防治烟草黑胫病的效果.结果表明,浓度大于1.5%的大蒜提取液对于烟草青枯病菌的抑菌半径与5000倍72%农用链霉素相当,浓度大于1.5%的大蒜提取液对烟草黑胫病菌的抑菌效果显著;而盆栽试验表明,只有稀释倍数小于10倍的大蒜提取液才对烟草黑胫病具有防治效果,而稀释倍数大于10倍的大蒜提取液对烟草黑胫病基本没有防治效果.     

12种热带植物粗提物对胡椒瘟病的抑菌活性测定

用生长速率法测试了12种热带植物乙醇粗提物对胡椒瘟病菌的离体抑菌活性。结果表明,当供试质量浓度为干样10mg／mL时,鹰爪和马缨丹粗提物对胡椒瘟病菌菌丝生长的抑菌率均达到90％以上,分别为91.95％和94.32％。可见这2种植物粗提物对供试病原菌菌丝生长具有明显的抑制作用,值得进一步研究开发。