磁化水膜下滴灌对新疆棉田土壤脱盐效果的影响

通过3a试验研究了磁化水膜下滴灌对土壤脱盐效果及对棉花生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明：磁化水能有效的降低土壤含盐量,促进棉花生长发育,提高棉花产量和品质。在0-60cm土层,磁化水的纯脱盐率在20%～30%,同时对土壤中的SO42-、Cl-含量也有明显的降低。磁化水滴灌棉花较对照增产皮棉144.7kg/hm2,可增收2025.8元/hm2,磁化水滴灌促进了棉花的增产增收。     

稻田水肥资源高效利用与调控模拟

水和肥是影响作物产量与生态环境的重要因素。为揭示稻田水肥利用规律,以达到稻田节水、省肥、高产、减排的目标,该文以湖北省漳河团林实验站稻田水肥耦合灌溉与控制排水试验观测数据为基础,联合运用作物生长模型ORYZA 2000和田间水文模型DRAINMOD 6.0,模拟分析不同降水、节灌、施肥、控排条件下的水稻产量与稻田排水量响应关系,得出了稻田水肥调控的临界条件,即采用稻田间歇灌溉方式,灌水定额30 mm,施氮量170 kg/hm2左右,控制排水水位20 cm时,节水12.5%～18.87%、省肥35.1%、增产11%、减排19.9%。本研究对加强农田水肥科学管理,提高水氮生产效率,防治农业面源污染,促进灌区可持续发展具有重要意义。     

城市道路绿化带滴灌技术的应用

针对干旱地区城市道路绿化带灌溉问题，经过多次实际测试，首次总结出了滴灌技术应用于城市道路绿化带灌溉系统中的滴灌系统布置、首部枢纽设计、滴灌设备的选择、控制系统设计及管网水力计算公式。     

青稞滴灌高产栽培及效益评价

为探讨青海省干旱区青稞发展的新途径,开展青稞高产栽培和经济效益的评价。结果表明:滴灌条件青稞的最佳灌水量为4 659m3/hm2,产量为7 950 kg/hm2。青稞整个生育期吸收氮最多,其次为钾,磷最少。最佳追肥比例为苗期9%,开花期28%,灌浆期43%。示范区较农户地产量提高了14.68%,净收益提高了40.40%,用水量降低了48.23%。可为青海省干旱区青稞的高产栽培、水分高效利用和农民增收提供依据。     

借鉴农机合作社模式探讨内地节水滴灌技术推广应用

文章通过探讨目前在内地开展的农机合作社模式,包括其组建模式、运行管理方式及其作用和优势,提出了在内地推广应用节水滴灌技术的模式,为节水滴灌技术的大面积推广应用提供借鉴。     

旱地西瓜节水补灌试验研究

从水利补灌技术措施出发,进行西瓜不同覆盖栽培方式机械补水的试验研究,分析不同覆盖方式在不同的灌溉制度下对西瓜生长发育、产量的影响,并对西瓜生理生育指标进行了统计分析。结果表明：无色膜草覆盖（少灌2次水）在当地表现突出,表现出节水节能的效果,可提高单位面积的净收益,提高农田水利用效率。     

Optimization potential for perception-oriented appearance classification by simulated sawing of computed tomography-scanned logs of Norway spruce

Abstract

Wood, as a natural material, has favourable properties in both technical and aesthetic aspects. Due to its inherent variability, production of high-quality sawn timber demands adequate control of log conversion, which is feasible with computed tomography (CT) log scanning. Existing appearance grading rules for sawn timber might not fully reflect people's visual perception of wood surfaces, and therefore, an alternative, more perception-oriented appearance classification could be beneficial. An appearance classification of sawn timber based on partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of knot-pattern variables was developed and tested. Knot-pattern variables derived from images of board faces were used in training PLS-DA models against an initial classification of the board faces previously established by aid of cluster analysis. Virtual board faces obtained from simulated breakdown of 57 CT-scanned Norway spruce logs were graded according to the developed classification. Visual assessment of the grading results indicated that the classification was largely consistent with human perception of board appearance. An initial estimation of the potential to optimize log rotation, based on CT data, for the established appearance grades was derived from the simulations. Considerable potential to increase the yield of a desired appearance grade, compared to conventional log positioning, was observed.     

Alternative matrices for cortisol measurement in fish

Plasma cortisol is the most commonly used indicator of stress in fish but, as the blood sampling procedure itself can be a source of stress, it would be helpful to measure cortisol using less invasive matrices. It is also necessary to find alternative matrices as stress indicators in dead fish in which blood sampling is impossible. In the present study, we investigated transport stress in three aquaculture species, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.), common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum), by cortisol determination (radioimmunoassay) in plasma and other matrices (skin mucus, gut content, lateral muscle and caudal fin). Cortisol significantly increased after transport in all species and matrices, except in the sea bass gut content, where it remained unchanged. The three species responded to transport stress by producing different cortisol levels. In conclusion, the significant correlation found between plasma cortisol and most of the other matrices opens up the possibility of using them to evaluate stress in fish: mucus sampling is a less invasive method than blood sampling, and in addition to muscle and fin sampling, it can be used in postmortem fish.     

Effects of Water Deficit on the Dynamics of Flowering and Fruit Production in Capsicum chinense Jacq in a Tropical Semiarid Region of Venezuela

The degree of crop sensitivity to water deficit, during the different developmental stages of a plant, is an important aspect to consider in tropical semiarid regions. The effect of water deficit on flowering dynamics and fruit production of sweet pepper (Capsicum chinense) was evaluated under several water regimes, during three consecutive years. A complete randomized block design with three replicates was employed. Flowering dynamics and fruit production were measured weekly, and water potentials were obtained twice during the experiments. For all years, flowering began at approximately 70 days after transplanting. In the most favourable year (trial 1996), there were no differences in total flower and fruit production in terms of irrigation frequency. For the other less favourable years, flowering and fruit production were significantly different between irrigation frequencies. Our results show that low water availability, prior to flowering, reduces the number of flowers produced and retards the occurrence of maximum flowering. On the other hand, a water deficit during the period between flowering and fruit development reduces final fruit production. This suggests that a water deficit during this last stage affects final yield to a greater extent.     

潜水电泵在坡地喷灌工程中的应用前景

本文在分析南方坡地灌溉工程特点的基础上，阐述了坡地喷灌工程选用潜水电泵的优势，并通过一个典型喷灌工程不同泵型及泵站设计方案的对比，探讨了潜水电 泵在坡地喷灌工程应用的可行性及其有待解决的技术问题。