Cross-Compatibility of Cultivated Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) and Rice Bean (V. umbellata) with Their Wild Relatives

The wild Ceratotropis species which occur in Japan consist of Vigna angularis var. nipponensis, V. nakashimae, V. riukiuensis and V. reflexo-pilosa. The main aim of the present study is to detect cross-compatibility of adzuki bean and rice bean with these wild relatives. The cross of V. nakasbimae with adzuki bean was successful in both directions and viable seeds were produced, while the cross with rice bean was not successful. V. riukiuensis is cross-compatible with adzuki bean and rice bean only when V. riukiuensis is used as male parent and the hybrid seeds showed normal germination. The cross between V. reflexopilosa and the two cultigens adzuki bean and rice bean did not succeed in either direction. The present results suggest that V. nakashimae and V. riukiuensis could be used as gene sources for the adzuki bean breeding programme through interspecific hybridization. Successful hybrids between adzuki bean and rice bean cannot easily be produced. However, since V. riukiuensis is cross-compatible with both adzuki bean and rice bean, V. riukiuensis could be useful as a bridge species between adzuki bean and rice bean.     

Cry1Ah蛋白对多异瓢虫和日本通草蛉的安全性评价

非靶标生物在转基因抗虫作物的环境安全性评价中具有非常重要的地位。本研究系统评估了新型Bt杀虫蛋白Cry1Ah对多异瓢虫幼虫、成虫和日本通草蛉成虫各项生物学指标的影响。结果表明,取食体表布满Cry1Ah蛋白的桃蚜后,多异瓢虫幼虫存活率、幼虫历期、蛹历期、体质量、雌雄成虫寿命、雌虫产卵量与对照相比均差异不显著。日本通草蛉成虫取食含有Cry1Ah蛋白的蜂蜜水后,雌雄成虫寿命、雌虫产卵量与对照间均差异不显著。因此,Cry1Ah蛋白对多异瓢虫和日本通草蛉的各项生命指标无显著的不利影响,这为转Cry1Ah基因抗虫棉花商业化释放前的安全性评价提供重要的技术支撑。     

转Bt cry1Ab基因水稻花粉对中华 草蛉成虫产卵和寿命的影响

用ELISA法测定了转Bt基因水稻克螟稻1号(KMD1)和克螟稻2号(KMD2)花粉中Cry1Ab含量.将转Bt基因水稻和其亲本对照秀水11(XS11)花粉加入到草蛉人工干粉饲料中,评价了对中华草蛉Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder成虫产卵和寿命等参数的影响.结果显示,转Bt基因水稻"克螟稻"花粉中表达cry1Ab杀虫蛋白,且表达量较高.分别用含5%KMD1、KMD2和XS11花粉的人工饲料饲喂中华草蛉初羽化成虫,发现两类Bt水稻花粉对该虫产卵前期、产卵量、产卵天数和成虫寿命等参数均无显著影响.人工饲料中水稻花粉的比例上升至20%和80%后,KMD1、KMD2和XS11花粉饲料处理中的草蛉均出现产卵前期延长、产卵量减少和产卵天数缩短的趋势,但在同一花粉比例下这些参数在3个花粉饲料处理间均无显著差异.结果表明,Bt水稻花粉中cry1Ab杀虫蛋白对该草蛉成虫产卵和寿命等参数无显著的负面影响.     

19种杀虫剂对桃小食心虫卵的毒力测定

为明确19种杀虫剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果,为卵期喷药防治该虫提供依据,用浸渍法进行了室内毒力测定。结果表明,19种供试药剂的毒力差异较大,拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂溴氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯及混剂甲维氯氰对桃小卵活性较高,其LC50均小于0.3 mg/L;其次为室内甲维盐、氟虫腈、灭幼脲、丁烯氟虫腈、毒死蜱、噻虫嗪、虫螨腈;阿维菌素、噻嗪酮、茚虫威较低;氯虫苯甲酰胺毒力最低。在桃小卵期树上施药,可优先选用杀卵活性较高的拟除虫菊酯类药剂,与具有杀幼虫活性、持效期长的灭幼脲和氯虫苯甲酰胺混用,可有效防治桃小食心虫。