紫背金盘提取物对小菜蛾作用的症状及对其组织的影响

紫背金盘Ａｊｕｇａ ｎｉｐｐｏｎｅｎｓｉｓ氯仿提取物饲喂处理小菜蛾四龄幼虫，出现拒食，脱肛，表皮黑化，胸部畸形，幼虫出现成虫器官等症状，石蜡切片观察发现，中肠肠壁细胞，后肠，脂肪体，丝腺，翅芽，马氏管，表皮等部位出现病理变化。电镜观察，表皮层片层结构，真皮皮细胞，中肠壁细胞，脂肪体细胞均受到不同程度的影响。这些拒食和生长发育抑制作用与紫背金盘中所含的苦味二萜类物质和蜕皮激素类物质有关。     

菱角金花虫各虫态的形态学观察

采用室内观察法,结合莱卡显微照相系统,对取食菱角、芡实等水生植物的菱角金花虫（Galerucella nipponensis（Laboissiere,1922））各虫态形态学特征进行系统观察。结果发现,菱角金花虫成虫体小,约5 mm,暗黄色;头部复眼间具一黑斑,触角黑色、丝状;前胸背板外缘灰色,表面平滑有光泽;鞘翅密布灰色细毛,翅鞘缘黄色,小盾片光滑无细毛;腿节发达呈黄色,胫节及跗节黑色;卵圆形,桔黄色,表面凹陷,块产于叶面;幼虫共3龄,孵化及刚蜕皮的幼虫头部呈淡黄色,略微透明,背部黑褐色,腹部黄色;蛹桔黄色,椭圆形,背面具弧形淡黑色小点。     

淡水青虾土池人工育苗技术

在土池中架设敞口式网箱，箱内放养抱卵青虾进行强化培育及幼虾孵化，通过适时培养生物开口饵料，及时投喂人工饲料，保持中度肥水等技术措施和20余天的培育，经验收小组确认，每亩生产1cm以上的虾苗 140余万尾。并对适宜青虾育苗的池塘生态条件及饵料生物培养，水质调节提出了自己的看法。     

人工释放普通草蛉田间防治棉蚜效果研究

于2013年利用人工繁殖的普通草蛉对新疆哈密地区棉田的棉蚜进行生物防治,结果表明,棉田释放密度为30、40、50和60粒/株的普通草蛉卵5~13d后,与对照相比,各处理棉田的棉蚜数量均呈不断下降趋势,与对照相比校正防效不断升高。其中释放卵50和60粒/株10~13d后,校正防效可达69.88%~78.73%,取得了较好的防治效果。本研究通过小区试验研究人工繁殖的普通草蛉对棉田棉蚜的生物防治效果,为新疆棉田棉蚜的生物防治研究提供了理论基础和指导依据。     

复合式膏体迷向剂对梨小、桃小食心虫的防控效果

2012年在宁夏苹果园试验研究了复合式膏体迷向剂对梨小、桃小食心虫防控效果。试验设3个处理（涂抹高度2 m与3.5 m以及常规药剂防治）,1次重复,通过监测全年诱蛾量、调查果实膨大期与成熟期蛀果率来分析防控效果。结果显示,复合式膏体迷向剂有效控制了梨小食心虫的危害,涂抹高度3.5 m时,梨小食心虫诱蛾数下降94.8%,涂抹高度2 m时,下降84.6%,两处理区成熟期蛀果率分别下降86.5%和63.9%。由于试验区桃小食心虫种群密度较小,本次试验尚无法确定该迷向剂对桃小食心虫的防治效果。     

光暗条件与触角去除对中华通草蛉成虫取食的影响

为了解视觉、嗅觉单一和双重感觉通道的作用,室内研究了光、暗、触角正常和触角去除4种处理对中华通草蛉成虫取食的影响。结果发现:①光条件下触角去除的中华通草蛉平均取食率(13.67%)高于其暗条件下取食率(3.67%),表明光暗条件及与其关联的视觉对其取食率有影响;②触角正常的中华通草蛉暗条件下平均取食率(30.67%)大于触角去除个体的取食率(3.67%),表明嗅觉对其取食率有显著影响;③4种处理中光条件下触角正常平均取食率最高(43.00%),暗条件下触角正常次之(30.67%),光条件下触角去除居三位(10.67%),暗条件下触角去除最低(3.67%),表明触角去除较光暗条件对其取食率的影响更大(依次分别为88.05%、73.18%),且视嗅觉间具有协同作用;④光、暗条件对触角去除的雌、雄虫取食影响率分别达72.73%和73.70%,触角去除对暗条件下的雌、雄虫取食影响率分别为86.67%和89.37%,表明其性别间各处理的影响差异甚小。综上表明光、暗、触角及其相关的视、嗅觉是影响中华通草蛉取食的重要因素,其中嗅觉影响更大。     

Response of two lacewing species to biorational and broad-spectrum insecticides

Green lacewings, includingChrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) andCeraeochrysa cubana (Hagen), are predators of small, soft-bodied insects including whiteflies. The silverleaf whitefly,Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring [formerlyB. tabaci (Gennadius) strain B], is an important pest of agronomic, vegetable and ornamental crops. Practical use of these lacewings as biological control agents would be facilitated by better understanding of their responses to both biorational (selective) and broad-spectrum insecticides. The topical and residual toxicity of azadirachtin (Azatin-EC^TM), insecticidal soap (M-Pede^TM), paraffinic oil (Sunspray Ultra-Fine Spray Oil^TM) and the pyrethroid bifenthrin (Brigade^TM) to eggs, larvae and adults of the lacewings were studied in the laboratory. Larvae ofC. cubana were much more tolerant to residues of bifenthrin than wasC. rufilabris and were somewhat more tolerant to topically applied soap. At normal field concentrations, azadirachtin (0.005%, by wt a.i.), paraffinic oil (1.0% by volume) and soap (1.0% by volume) were not toxic to larvae or adults of either species either topically or residually. Oil was toxic topically to eggs but azadirachtin and soap were not. Bifenthrin was toxic topically and residually to larvae and adults but was not so toxic to eggs as was oil. Thus, selectivity of all materials tested was relative to lacewing species and lifestage. The relative tolerance to insecticide residues exhibited byC. cubana larvae may be related to its trash-carrying habit, suggesting that use of trash-carrying chrysopids in place of non-trash carriers for augmentative biological control would increase options for non-disruptive chemical intervention when necessary.     

下渚湖养殖青虾中氨基脲含量本底调查

为探究德清下渚湖养殖青虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)体内氨基脲(semicarbazide,SEM)的本底情况和存在特征,采集了青虾样品73批次,对样品的肌肉、背壳和肝胰腺进行了SEM含量检测分析。结果表明:肌肉中SEM的检出值主要集中在2.35~8.51μg/kg之间,均值为4.41±1.54μg/kg,95%置信区间为2.46~7.53μg/kg。背壳中SEM的检出值主要集中在71.98~266.04μg/kg之间,均值为143.07±40.27μg/kg,95%置信区间为98.51~233.12μg/kg。肝胰腺中SEM的检出值主要集中在3.91~17.42μg/kg之间,均值为9.19±2.67μg/kg,95%置信区间为5.49~14.52μg/kg。青虾组织中SEM含量呈现:背壳＞肝胰腺＞肌肉的分布特征,与野生青虾相比,养殖青虾组织内SEM的含量普遍高于野生青虾。研究结果可为甲壳类水产品中SEM残留限量标准的修订提供基础数据。     

中华通草蛉雌性生殖系统发育分级及在测报上的应用

根据中华通草蛉雌性生殖系统解剖学特征,将其发育分为5级,并以各级卵巢主要生化成份含量变化加以验证.该分级可用于麦田测报,当雌成虫生殖系统发育至3级的个体达50％以上时,3～4d后田间雌成虫进入产卵高峰期,当发育至4级的个体达50％以上时,雌成虫进入产卵末期.