泰山赤鳞鱼的核型研究(英文)

[目的]研究泰山赤鳞鱼的核型。[方法]以稀有物种泰山赤鳞鱼的头肾细胞为实验材料对其染色体数目和核型进行了分析。[结果]泰山赤鳞鱼染色体的数目是50,核型是2n=50,16m+14sm+20t,NF=80,没有发现性染色体。[结论]这是首次关于泰山赤磷鱼核型分析的报道。     

普洱茶对蚕豆根尖细胞微核形成的影响作用

[目的]研究普洱茶对蚕豆根尖细胞分裂和微核形成的影响作用.[方法]以蚕豆为材料,利用微核检测技术研究不同浓度茶溶液对蚕豆根尖细胞分裂和遗传物质的影响作用.[结果]一定浓度的普洱茶能有效降低细胞微核的形成,具显著抑制畸变作用,并对细胞有丝分裂具有一定的影响作用.[结论]该研究表明饮用低浓度的茶水更有益于身体健康.     

三个卷瓣组百合的根尖染色体C-带比较

利用染色体组型分析进行种和种质资源的识别是一种有效的手段.本文利用Gemisa C-分带方法对三个卷班组百合南川百合(L.rosthornii)、川百合(L.davidii)和金佛山百合(L.jinfushanense)根尖染色体进行了研究.南川百合的带型公式为:2n=24=10C 8CI 2I 2N 2,川百合的带型公式为:2n=24=4C 2CI 2I 6I 2I 2I T 2T 2CNT 2,金佛山百合的带型公式为:2n=24=4C 4CI 4CI 4L 2I 2I 2I T 2.通过GemisaC-分带方法不但可以很好的区分各种的各条染色体,而且可以很好的区分这三个卷瓣组野生百合.     

中国沙棘雌雄株的染色体核型分析

为了准确了解中国沙棘雌雄株染色体核型特征,对中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoidessubsp.sinesis)雌雄株的染色体核型进行分析。结果表明,中国沙棘第4、5、7号染色体在雌株中属于M型染色体,在雄株中属于m型染色体,第1、39、号染色体在雌株中属于m型染色体,在雄株中属于M型染色体;雌雄株均有24条染色体,染色体均属于正中部着丝粒染色体(M)和中部着丝粒染色体(m)2种,染色体核型公式同为:2n=24=14M+10m;染色体核型属于1B型,核型不对称系数为54%,在进化上属于较原始种类。     

美系獭兔与皱襞型獭兔染色体核型研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法,分析并比较了美系獭兔与皱襞型獭兔的染色体核型。结果表明:美系獭兔和皱襞型獭兔二倍体细胞染色体数均为2n=44,其中21对常染色体、1对性染色体,性染色体XX(♀)、XY(♂)。常染色体分为4组,A组(1～9号)为中着丝粒染色体,B组(10～13号)为近中着丝粒染色体,C组(14～17号)为近端着丝粒染色体,D组(18～21号)为端着丝粒染色体;X为近中着丝粒染色体,Y为端着丝粒染色体。两组兔常规染色体核型基本一致。     

Single nucleotide polymorphism identification, linkage and radiation hybrid mapping of the porcine pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor gene to chromosome 18

Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with diverse biological actions. Type I PACAP receptors (PACAPR) are specific for PACAP, whereas type II and III PACAPRs are less restricted. To localize and analyse the variation of this gene, a 559‐bp long intronic fragment of the porcine PACAPR gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced in samples from five different pig breeds. One single nucleotide polymorphism was identified and its allele frequency was determined in all five breeds. Linkage analysis in a Berkshire × Yorkshire reference family placed the PACAPR gene on chromosome 18, between SW787 and S0062 (SW787– 8.1 cM –PACAPR– 3.0 cM –S0062). Radiation hybrid mapping confirmed that the PACAPR gene was linked to SW1682 on chromosome 18 (28.8 cR₃₀₀₀; LOD = 10.4).     

基于远缘杂交的黄瓜种质资源的创新与利用研究

未来作物改良的最大希望在于有用外源基因的导入，远缘杂交是导入外源有用基因的主要途径之一。基于笔者近年来在甜瓜属（Cucumis）种间杂交所取得的进展，本文综述了甜瓜属种间杂交双二倍体、异源三倍体、单体异附加系和异源易位系的合成、鉴定和定性研究，以及对外源有用基因，包括抗病、抗逆性的转导利用情况，并展望了这些特异种质资源在甜瓜属作物的遗传和品种改良上的理论和实践价值。     

Mechanism of micronuclei formation in polyploidizated cells of Allium cepa exposed to trifluralin herbicide

The trifluralin is an agent that promotes a cellular damage due to its direct action on the microtubules. This action leads to a decontrol in the cellular division, bringing about polyploid cells. In this work, we show the evidences that the exceeding genetical material of theses polyploidizated cells tends to be eliminated from the nucleus in the form of micronucleus. Our analyses prove this fact, both by the presence of a number of cells carrying micronucleus, and by the evidences of the elimination of the exceeding material itself, after exposition of the Allium cepa root tips tested with several concentration of trifluralin herbicide. It was noticed that the residual concentration induced a number of polyploid cells, micronuclei and mini cells. Inferences about the implications of the elimination of genetic material from micronuclei, such as cell viability and apoptosis, are also presented.     

切花菊14个品种的核形态学研究

 采用常规压片法对不同花序类型、不同花色的14个切花菊品种进行了核形态学研究。结果表明：（1）间期核均为复杂染色中心型，前期染色体属于中间型。(2)体细胞染色体在品种内和品种间均呈现多数目性，染色体数变动范围在48~56之间，以54条为主。（3）核型呈现多样性，由中部、近中部和近端部着丝粒染色体组成，‘神马’、‘小红娘’、‘九月黄’和‘小菊双色’有1或2条随体染色体；染色体相对长度为2.04%~5.26%；核型不对称系数为62.39%~67.32%；‘长紫’、‘意大利红’、‘小红娘’和‘阿里格斯’核型类型为“2B”，其它品种为“2A”型。（4）有丝分裂后期和末期除‘清露’外均正常。基于观察结果分析了切花菊核型多样性及进化趋势。