水杨酸和壳聚糖对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发的促进作用

以黄瓜津优1号为试材,采用0.1mmol·L-1水杨酸(SA)、50mg·L-1壳聚糖(CTS)溶液浸种,测定了100mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下黄瓜种子发芽势、发芽率及α-淀粉酶、脱氢酶、磷酸酶活性等指标。NaCl胁迫下,黄瓜种子萌发受到明显抑制,发芽势、发芽率分别比清水对照降低31.3、25.6个百分点;SA、CTS单一或共同浸种处理提高了NaCl胁迫下黄瓜种子发芽率及相关酶活性,且SA、CTS共同浸种的效果优于SA、CTS单一处理,发芽率比NaCl胁迫处理增加19.2个百分点,α-淀粉酶、脱氢酶、磷酸磷活性分别比NaCl胁迫处理增加24.7%、16.2%、24.1%。说明SA、CTS对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发具有明显的促进作用,且两者呈协同效应。     

壳聚糖涂膜对机械损伤红富士苹果保鲜效果的影响

为了减轻贮藏损失,提高机械损伤苹果的保鲜效果,以模拟机械损伤红富士苹果为材料,研究在常温贮藏条件下,壳聚糖涂膜处理对果实贮藏品质及生理指标的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖涂膜处理能够减轻机械损伤苹果贮藏过程中腐烂率和质量损失率,降低呼吸速率和果肉褐变,延缓果肉硬度、可溶性固形物及可滴定酸质量分数的下降。可见,壳聚糖涂膜处理有利于红富士苹果采后品质保持,并且增强果实的耐贮运性能。     

家蚕蛹壳聚糖复合海绵止血材料的制备及止血性能测试

以从家蚕蛹壳中提取的壳聚糖为主要原料,与明胶共混溶解后加入助剂,通过冷冻真空干燥法制备海绵状复合止血材料。采用L16(45)正交试验,探讨复合止血材料中蚕蛹壳聚糖、明胶以及戊二醛、氯化钙和甘油等助剂的含量对体外凝血指数(BCI)的影响。各因素对BCI的影响大小顺序是:蚕蛹壳聚糖>氯化钙>戊二醛>明胶>甘油。优化复合止血材料中各组分的质量分数为:蚕蛹壳聚糖2.5%,明胶3.0%,戊二醛0.005%,氯化钙0.1%,甘油0.05%。对该复合止血材料进行体外凝血测试,并制作家兔耳动脉出血模型进行活体止血效果的试验,结果均表明其具有良好的止血效果,体外凝血指数较医用纱布和明胶海绵极显著下降,对缩短家兔耳动脉止血时间和降低出血量均极显著优于医用纱布和明胶海绵。     

Topical formulations of water-soluble chitin as a wound healing assistant

Water-soluble chitin (WSC) was prepared by carefully deacetylating chitins to about 50% of N-acetyl content. Topical formulations based on WSC were prepared and their effects on wound healing were evaluated on a rabbit ear model. Full-thickness, open skin wounds were made on the ears of rabbits and WSC ointments were embedded in the open wounds. The application of WSC ointments significantly accelerated wound healing and wound contraction. The areas of epithelialization and granulation tissues in WSC ointment group are remarkably larger than those in control group (no treatment) and in placebo group (treated with ointment-base materials). A large number of grown granulation tissues including dense fibroblast deposition were observed under the thickened epithelium of the wound treated with WSC ointments. The number of inflammatory cells in WSC ointment group was significantly decreased compared with those in control and placebo groups, indicating that WSC would give low stimuli to wounds and prevent excessive scar formation. Neovascularization was the most prominent in WSC ointment group. Wound contraction in WSC ointment group was much larger than those in control and placebo groups. Overall results demonstrate that the topical formulation based on WSC is considered to become an excellent dressing as a wound healing assistant.     

壳聚糖对大豆蛋白发酵液的絮凝研究

对用壳聚糖絮凝大豆蛋白发酵液进行研究,讨论pH值、絮凝剂浓度、温度和搅拌时间对絮凝效果的影响,结果是壳聚糖用量200 mg/L、pH值为4、搅拌12 min、温度30℃时效果最好.     

电子束辐照对壳聚糖分子量和结构的影响

采用电子束辐照降解壳聚糖,并利用体积排阻色谱-十八角度激光光散射仪、环境扫描电子显微镜、FTIR光谱仪、X衍射仪对辐照样品进行分析.结果表明:随着辐照剂量的增加,壳聚糖的分子量逐渐降低;颗粒随着辐照剂量的增加而逐渐减小;在5～ 300kGy的辐照剂量范围内,电子束辐照对其结构、脱乙酰度和结晶度几乎没有影响.     

Mechanical properties of semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) copolymer and chitosan

Semi-interpenetrating polymeric network (semi-IPN) hydrogels based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-sodium methacrylate) [P(HEMA-co-SMA)], and chitosan with different molecular weights were prepared by crosslinking with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and their gelation time, water content, mechanical properties, and morphology were investigated. In consideration of the influence of the molecular weight of chitosan, there is no big difference in the water content, while tensile properties and compressive modulus increased as the molecular weight of chitosan increased. The water content increased and tensile properties and compressive modulus decreased with increasing SMA concentration. Considering the effect of the crosslinking agent, PEGDA had higher water content and lower tensile and compressive moduli than EGDMA. It is suggested that PHEMA/chitosan and P(HEMA-co-SMA)/chitosan semi-IPN hydrogels with different structures and physical properties can be prepared depending on the molecular weight of chitosan, the copolymerization with SMA, and the crosslinking agent type.     

Study of antimicrobial activity of aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin on cotton, wool, and rabbit hair

Aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin were applied in alone and in combination with each others on cotton, wool and rabbit hair by exhaustion method for the assessment of their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of these natural ingredients was better in peroxide treated cotton, formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrates than their corresponding intact ones. Aloevera shown better antimicrobial activity than chitosan and curcumin when applied alone and its antimicrobial activity was enhanced by addition of both chitosan and curcumin. The application of aloevera+chitosan+curcumin combination on peroxide treated cotton and formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrate was fast up to twenty five washing cycles.     

昆虫多糖处理草莓果保鲜效果的初步研究

用不同浓度和不同脱乙酰度的昆虫多糖处理成熟的草莓果,可增强草莓的抗腐烂和保水能力,并能一定程度减少Vc损失量,使保鲜期延长1-2d。     

鸡志贺氏菌产超广谱β内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的分子进化

【目的】检测鸡志贺氏菌分离株和诱导株所产ESBLs的基因型,探讨其产酶耐药的分子进化机制。【方法】对1株诱导和5株临床分离产ESBLs细菌分别用TEM、SHV、CTX-M 3种通用引物进行PCR扩增、基因克隆及测序分析,确定鸡福氏志贺氏菌ESBLs的基因型和基因亚型。【结果】5株临床福氏志贺氏菌质粒上具有相同的TEM序列和相同的SHV序列,TEM型序列与AY903309（TEM-116）序列相比发生了2个位点基因突变即G157A、C409T,其中409位点碱基突变为沉默突变,157位点碱基突变导致相应氨基酸序列53位发生突变Gly53Ser,此氨基酸突变为新的突变位点,所以该TEM型ESBLs是一种新的TEM亚型,暂命名为TEM-1V型;SHV型与AY826418（SHV-12）序列完全相同,为SHV-12型。头孢噻呋诱导标准福氏志贺氏菌,诱导10代时产生了TEM-1型β－内酰胺酶,诱导50代时产生了TEM-1V型ESBLs。【结论】临床分离鸡福氏志贺氏菌ESBLs的基因型为TEM-1V型和SHV-12型,鸡福氏志贺氏菌TEM-1V型ESBLs是由 TEM-1型β内酰胺酶直接进化而来。