水分胁迫下壳聚糖对菜豆种子萌发的影响

针对生产中菜豆出苗难、保苗难等问题,在盆栽条件下,通过控制土壤水分来模拟干旱胁迫环境,研究了壳聚糖不同浓度和药种比处理对菜豆种子萌发的影响;结果表明：壳聚糖能促进种子萌发,对菜豆种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数等均有提高作用,当浓度为2%、药种比1:50 时,发芽率最高;浓度为1.5%、药种比1:50 时的发芽势最高,相同药种比下,浓度为1.5%和2%的发芽指数最高;浓度为1.5%和2%、药种比为1:50 时,活力指数达到最大。因此,当壳聚糖浓度为1.5%~2%,药种比为1:50 时,其处理效果最好,可为菜豆抗旱种衣剂的进一步研究提供基础。     

壳聚糖对黑白花奶犊牛脂肪代谢的影响

试验选用10日龄奶犊牛20头, 随机分到 4个日粮处理组,进行为期30 d 的饲养试验.在基础日粮中分别加入 0、200、400、600 mg/d的壳聚糖.结果表明:600 mg/d壳聚糖组相比对照组明显降低了血清中 TC含量 (P＜0.05);在试验第20和30天,600 mg/d壳聚糖组相比对照组降低了血清中高密度脂蛋白的含量(P＜0.05).     

Chitosan enhances withanolides production in adventitious root cultures of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Calli were obtained from leaf, cotyledon and internode explants of in vitro-grown plants of Indian cultivar of Withania somnifera in MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (2.0 mg l⁻¹) and Kinetin (0.2 mg l⁻¹). The brown, semi-friable callus (500 mg FW) derived from leaf explants produced higher number of primary adventitious roots (9 roots/callus) in half strength MS medium fortified with IBA (0.5 mg l⁻¹) and NAA (0.1 mg l⁻¹). The primary adventitious roots with an inoculum mass of 15 g FW were cultured for 6 weeks in the same medium for secondary adventitious root proliferation. Elicitation of abiotic elicitor, aluminium chloride at 10 mg l⁻¹ at the end of 4 weeks culture with 4 h exposure time enhanced withanolides productivity. Under similar culture conditions, the biotic elicitor, chitosan at 100 mg l⁻¹ stimulated higher production of all withanolides when compared to aluminium chloride treatment. This is the first report on the use of callus-derived adventitious root culture for the enhanced production of withanolides upon chitosan elicitation.     

酰基壳聚糖衍生物的合成·表征及pH敏感研究

[目的]以pH敏感的酰胺键为连接臂,制备两亲性壳聚糖衍生物。[方法]通过在壳聚糖2-NH2上引入疏水辛基和pH敏感的酰基,合成具有pH敏感性的两亲性壳聚糖接枝共聚物,并采用FTIR、1H-NMR和13C-NMR对其结构进行表征,使用紫外-可见分光光度计评价其pH敏感性。[结果]合成的4种两亲性酰基壳聚糖衍生物中,N-辛基-N＇-（3-羧基丙酰基）-壳聚糖（OCPC）和N-辛基-N＇-（3-羧基烯丙酰基）-壳聚糖（OCAC）在pH 4.5～7.4范围不具有pH敏感性;N-辛基-N＇-（邻羧基苯甲酰基）-壳聚糖聚合物（OCBC）和N-辛基-N＇-（2-羧基环己甲酰基）-壳聚糖（OCCC）在pH 5.0～6.0范围具有pH敏感性。[结论]合成的目的物OCCC有望作为新型pH敏感聚合物胶束材料增溶难溶性药物。     

Preparation of Aspergillus niger Mycelium-chitosan Biosorbent and Its Cu2+ Adsorption Mechanism北大核心CSCD

The waste Aspergillus niger mycelium and chitosan were cross-linked by epichlorohydrin and then solidified sodium tripolyphosphate to prepare the Aspergillus niger mycelium-chitosan biosorbent for Cu2+. The effects of adsorption time, pH value, temperature, the initial concentration of Cu2+ and the amount of biosorbent on the adsorption efficiency were investigated. Kinetics, intragranular diffusion model, adsorption isotherm equation, thermodynamic model were used to fit the experimental data. The results showed that the adsorption rate increased by increasing the adsorption temperature, adsorption time and pH value. The adsorption rate of Cu2+ reached 99.42% at the adsorption conditions of 0.4 g Aspergillus niger mycelium-chitosan biosorbent, adsorption time 180 min, adsorption temperature 50 ℃, mass concentration of Cu2+ 20 mg/L. The adsorption process conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorbed Gibbs free energy became negative, and ΔHθ were ΔSθ are 6.104 2 kJ/mol and 45.258 1 J/(mol·K), respectively, ie the adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process. Kinetic data analysis showed that the adsorption of Cu2+ by Aspergillus niger mycelia-chitosan biosorbents fitted quasi-second-order kinetic model. © 2018, Editorial Board of «Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products». All right reserved.     

The effect of chitosan oligosaccharides on bread staling

The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides and chitosan on the rate of staling and properties of bread crumb and crust. Rates of crumb firming varied with storage time. The possible mechanisms including prevention of amylose–lipid complexation, acceleration of dehydration from both starch and gluten, adsorption of chitosan onto the starch surface and increase of moisture migration rate from crumb to crust are proposed and analysed. Chitosan oligosaccharides and low molecular weight chitosan increase bread crumb staling rate to a much lesser extent than does middle molecular weight chitosan.     

外源壳聚糖诱导番茄抗灰霉病的作用

[目的]为了明确壳聚糖对番番茄茄幼苗抗灰霉病的诱导作用。[方法]采用叶面喷施的方法,测定了壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病诱抗效果以及番茄叶片中叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、愈创木酚过氧化物酶（POD）、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸的影响。[结果]壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病的诱抗效果14d时达到58.26%;与灰霉病菌处理组相比,壳聚糖处理组番茄幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量最高增加34.63%、可溶性蛋白含量增加5.30%、可溶性糖含量增加10.83%、游离脯氨酸含量增加16.21%、POD含量增加16.88%、MDA含量降低16.54%。[结论]外源壳聚糖可以提高番茄幼苗光合利用率和保护酶活性从而提高番茄幼苗对灰霉病的抗性。     

壳聚糖在农作物产品保鲜及抗逆性方面的研究进展

综述了壳聚糖在果实、蔬菜和花卉中的保鲜作用及提高作物抗逆性等方面的研究进展,旨在为实现壳聚糖在农业上的生产化应用提供理论依据。     

印楝素/羧甲基壳聚糖/磷酸化壳聚糖纳米粒子的制备、性能与表征

为了克服壳聚糖只能溶于酸性水溶液的局限,对壳聚糖进行了化学修饰,通过引入磷酸基官能团,合成了可溶于中性水的壳聚糖衍生物磷酸化壳聚糖。以磷酸化壳聚糖和羧甲基壳聚糖为基材,用聚电解质复合法制备了印楝素/羧甲基壳聚糖/磷酸化壳聚糖纳米粒子水分散制剂。测试结果表明,纳米粒子的平均粒径为200~300 nm,纳米粒子对印楝素的负载率最大可达43.5%。     

壳聚糖涂膜保鲜南美白对虾的研究

用壳聚糖作成膜剂,在壳聚糖涂膜液中添加功能性成分抗坏血酸(Vc)、植酸并对南美白对虾进行涂膜,处理后于4℃冷藏保鲜。以感官评定、TVB-N值、细菌总数、pH等作为鲜度指标,研究壳聚糖涂膜对延长南美白对虾货架期的效果。试验结果表明;涂膜的保鲜剂组效果明显优于空白组,并且添加有0.5%抗坏血酸和0.1%植酸能有效地延缓虾黑变1～2 d,同时货架期可达到8 d,比空白组延长了3～4 d。